A life in Telecoms

Alan Nunn, Consulting Director

March 2021

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Agenda

About me

About CGI

35 years in 3 minutes

Career decisions and turning points

A degree of applied understanding

From energy to telecoms

Software, Hardware and clouds

Draw a bigger picture

Understand the numbers

Value chains

Regulation and standards

Life as a general expert

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About me:

Consulting Director in CGI – using my expertise to develop propositions and win business

Member of Ofcom Advisory Committee for England – bringing external perspective to Ofcom

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Lets look at how I got here…

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CGI at a glance

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CGI OVERVIEW : HELPING CLIENTS BECOME DIGITAL THROUGH END-TO-END SERVICES

Founded in 197644 years of excellence

CA$12.1 billion revenue

77,500 consultants

400 locations in 40 countries

5,500 clients benefiting from

end-to-end services

170+ IP-based solutions

serving 50,000 clients

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Range of services and differentiators

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CGI OVERVIEW : HELPING CLIENTS BECOME DIGITAL THROUGH END-TO-END SERVICES

End-to-end

services

Strategic IT

and business

consulting

Systems

integration

Managed IT and

business process

services

Intellectual property solutions and services as value creation accelerators for clients

Differentiators Client-proximity model

Global antenna for the benefit of our clients

Local and global expertise by industry

Global delivery network

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Alan Nunn(35 years in 3 minutes)

• O Levels, A Levels

• BSc in Electrical and Electronic

Engineering

• Thin Sandwich – Rolls Royce

• BT – graduate entry

• Software development

• Systems development

• Systems architect

• Deployment and migration

• Technology strategy

• Business strategy

• CGI – Subject Matter Expert

• Ofcom – Advisory Committee for England

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Career plan ?

My main goals:

1. Do what I enjoy doing

2. Do things which use my skills

3. Do things where I can learn

4. Pay the bills

5. Achieve sensible work-life balance

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Career decisions and

turning points

• O Levels, A Levels

• BSc in Electrical and Electronic

Engineering

• Thin Sandwich – Rolls Royce

• BT – graduate entry

• Software development

• Systems development

• Systems architect

• Deployment and migration

• Technology strategy

• Business strategy

• CGI – Subject Matter Expert

• Ofcom – Advisory Committee for England

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Basic

sTech

nic

al

Bu

sin

ess

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Developing your capabilities

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Solid education is just the start

Knowledge – you know things

Experience – you have done things

Network – you know people

Emotional maturity – know know what

makes people tick

Ed

1,2

Ed 3

Career 1

Career 2

Career 3

Career 4

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A degree of applied understanding

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HMS Sheffield (Type 42 Destroyer)By Nathalmad, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38342398https://www.brunel.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/Electronic-and-Electrical-Engineering-BEng

Gas Turbine pipeline pumping station

• Computing

• Control Systems

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From energy to telecoms

…triggered by outsourcing

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Software, Hardware and Clouds

Back in the day, software was standalone and ran on dedicated hardware

….now we expect anything to work on any device, anywhere

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Software, Hardware and Clouds

What to put in the device ?

What to put in the middle ?

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Key Pressed

Display text

Ring Phone

Answered

Audio Audio

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Software, Hardware and Clouds

What to put in the device ?

What to put in the middle ?

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Connect to x@y

Text

Audio

Video

Other media

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The bigger picture - how does it work every time, without fail ?

Resilience

• Protecting against errors

• Default behaviour

• Catching the unexpected

Redundancy

• More than one

• How to share the load?

• How many is enough?

Failure Modes

• What could go wrong?

• What happens when it does?

• Does it matter?

• How to recover?

• How to prevent recurrence?

“A good programmer is someone

who always looks both ways before

crossing a one-way street”

Doug Linder

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NTSB image showing

containment device

(United Boeing 777, Feb

2021, story from

Flightglobal)

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Root cause – Metal Fatigue

Secondary damage

Image sources: NTSB

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Redundancy in practice – BT 0800 service

Network intelligence:

Number translation – you dial 0800 123 456, but call is connected to a geographic number

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Signalling

Relay

Signalling

Relay

Signalling

Relay

Signalling

Relay

Intelligence

(3 sites)

Routing

(4 sites)

Traffic source

...~200…

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Deploying an upgrade without impacting service

What needs to be thought about BEFORE migration ?

When is the best time to do it ?

What happens at the time of migration ?

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Deploying an upgrade without impacting service

1 – Get the data right (included data cleanse in advance, data freeze on the night)

2 – Point the traffic at the new sites

3 – Monitor everything and have rollback strategy ready to go

4 – Clean up afterwards

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1 – Get the data into the

new Intelligence layer

2 – Reconfigure sources to

point to new system

(Gradual, monitor)

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Bringing it up to date…

Servers in “the cloud” provide the services

Routing via Internet

Access networks not shown – fixed and

mobile

Any device on the internet can access any server in the world

Device estimates ~25Bn globally, Generating 463Eb of data each day

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Internet

Router

Internet

Router

Internet

Router

Internet

Router

Servers in cloud

Routing

Traffic source

...~25Bn…

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Understand the numbers

Source: World economic Forum

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/how-much-data-is-generated-each-day-cf4bddf29f/

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Metcalfe’s law

Metcalfe's law states that the effect of a telecommunications

network is proportional to the square of the number of

connected users of the system (n2).

2 devices can make 1 connection

5 devices can make 10 connections

12 devices can make 66 connections

N x (N-1) / 2

At the end of 2019 – 3.8 billion mobile internet users

…that’s a lot of connections…

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So what does that sort of growth mean ?

I don’t pay for

the internet, just

for my phone

services.

Does it make a

difference if I

spend all day on

Netflix?

Why is my

internet so

SLOW

sometimes ?

Why I keep

getting spam

messages ?

The internet is

free, it doesn’t

matter.

Who pays ? Who gets the benefit ?

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Value chains

Connectivity

•Ducts

•Fibre

•Core network

•Access network

Compute and Store

•Cloud compute

•Storage

Traditional Telecom

•Fixed & Mob. Voice

•Broadband & CPE

•Data Circuits

•Hosted products

TV & Content

•Content creation

•Content resellers

•Value add services

Apps

•Person to Person

•Person to Business

•Business to Business

•Person to Thing

•Thing to Thing

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Company values

Connectivity

•Ducts

•Fibre

•Core network

•Access network

Compute and Store

•Cloud compute

•Storage

Traditional Telecom

•Fixed & Mob. Voice

•Broadband & CPE

•Data Circuits

•Hosted products

TV & Content

•Content creation

•Content resellers

•Value add services

Apps

•Person to Person

•Person to Business

•Business to Business

•Person to Thing

•Thing to Thing

$2.1Tn

$1.4Tn $1.8Tn

$102Bn

$12Bn$19Bn

$1.6Tn

$112Bn

$230Bn

$1.8Tn

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Market Capitalisation of industries (Feb 2021, $Bn)

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Regulation and Standards

Ofcom

European

Communications

Act 2003

UK Competition Act 1998Prevent abuse of a

dominant position

Communications Networks

Communications Services

Spectrum

Broadcasting

Newspapers and Media

UK Law

rfc2616 = http://

Rfc1149 = ?

General / Global

Local Market

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Ofcom

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Regulation and standards in the ecosystem

UK Competition Act

Ofcom

User-“Regulated” – and ?

Technical Standards

APIs

TestingDe-facto standards

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Life as an expert

• Explaining new ideas

• Communication – understand the audience

• Respect – get a seat at the table through experience

• Know your field – and when to defer to others

• Explaining impact of new ideas

• Communication – talk about the impacts

• Technical, business and consumer

• Cross-over with other industries

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The thrill of the win

Success resulted from:

• Listening carefully to the needs

• Understanding market context

• Relationships with TalkTalk team

• Bid management team and plan

• Drawing on experts in specific areas

• Collaborating within CGI

• Show and tell approach

• Making the response easy to read

• Practicalities of delivery

Thanks for listening.

Any questions ?

Alan Nunn, Consulting Director

March 2021

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