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A Juridical Examination of the Israeli Attack on the USS Liberty NAVAL LAW REVIEW VOL. 36 WINTER 1986 Lieutenant Commander Walter L. Jacobsen, JA GC, USN *  **  Following the Israeli attack on the U.S.S. Liberty, there were conflicting ac- counts of the event. Many questions remain unanswered. In this article, LCDR Jacobsen provides an analysis of the attack in light of existing international  precepts as they relate to intelligence gathering, freedom of the seas, aggres- sion, and self-defense. Following this analysis, the author concludes that the attack was not supportable in international law and recommends a thorough,  public investigation into the attack by the United States Congress. Prologue On June 8, 1967, Israeli jets and torpedo boats attacked the U.S.S. Liberty ,  in the eastern Mediterranean, killing thirty-four Americans and wounding 171 more. The attack took place during the Six-Day War, so called because of the spectacular success that Israel had in defeating the forces of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria during that regional conflict. This is the first legal study of that attack. 1 The accepted ex- planation for the attack has been that it was a tragic mistake. Using this * Lieutenant Commander Walter L. Jacobsen is presently , serving as Staff Judge  Advocate for Commander, Iceland Defense Force. He r eceived his B.A. degree from Northwestern University in 1972, his J.D. degree from Suffolk University in 1975, and his LL.M. degree from the National Law Center at George Washington University in 1985. This article is based on a thesis submitted as part of the author's LL.M. degree work at George Washington University. **The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the of- ficial policy or position of the United States Government, the Department of Defense, the Department of the Navy, or the Naval Justice School. 1  There is a passing reference to the attack on the Liberty in Professor O'Connell's, The Influence of Law on Seapower (1975). It reads: On 8 June 1967 Israeli torpedo boats and aircraft attacked the U.S.S. Liberty, an electronic surveillance ship which was monitoring Israeli transmissions from the high seas during the Six Day's War. (The iden- tity of the ship appears to have been mistaken.) The fact that something is done does not make it legal and Israel is reported to have paid over $3 million in compensation. The illegality may have lain in the at- tack on a neutral ship or it may have been compounded by the fact that the attack occurred on the high seas. D. O'Connell, The Influence of Law on Seapower 127 (1975). 

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Page 1: A Juridical Examination of the Israeli Attack on the USS Liberty (Naval Law Review 1986)

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