a guide to korean characters

I i

HANG&-IN-A-HURRY CHART I Consonants

t I Stressed Consonants I As~irated Consonants 1 I Basic Consanants a (two basic consonants (sgort line added to

written together) basic consonants) I

8. ;ng (final; no sound as initial)

lo. * h

'Slightly different than basic consonant number six.

Basic consonants k, t, p, and ch are ~ronounced as g, d, b, and j, respectively, when occurring as medials. Stressed con- sonaots are pronounced with more stress by far than their unvoiced English counterparts, g, d, b, s, and j. Aspirated consonants are said with an unabashed explosion of air. Initial "r" is pronounced akin to its Spanish counterpart.

A

HANG&-IN-A-HURRY CHART 11 Vowels

Other Diphthongs (combinations of various vowels)

St\ wa

. (water)

4 wae

(w_et)

~6

(w_on)

The "0" written with each vowel is an unvoiced consonant which functions to indicate where an initial consonant maybe affixed to the vowel when writing a syllable. See the inside back cover for information on forming syllables.

- -

"Y" Diphthongs (short line added to basic vowels )

ib . 01 ya

2b. 4 yi(

3b. 3 yo

4b.-$ YU

Basic Vowels

1 . 01 a

(father)

2. 0] 6

(hut)

3. 9 o

(heme)

4. l-

(plume)

0 6 5. - (so_o~) *

6. 01 i

( k t ) 'Pronounce without

"I" Diphthongs (vowel #6 added to basic vowels)

la. 01 ae

(hat)

2a. O)) e

(se_t)

3a. 4 oe

(w_et)

4a. ui

(E)

5a. 51 iii

(we)*

pursing the lips.

A Guide to

KOREAN CHARACTERS

Reading and Writing Hangiil and Hanja

SECOND REVISED EDITION

by BRUCE K. GRANT

HOLLY M

For Audrey Michele Denise Mirae Bruce Maynard Monique

and Taylor

Copyright @ 1982, 1979 by Bruce K . Grant

All rights reserved

First published in 1979 Reprinted in 1989 by Hollyrn International Corp. 18 Donald Place Elizabeth, New Jersey 07208 U.S.A.

Published simultaneously in Korea by Hollym Corporation; Publishers 14-5 Kwanchol-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea Phone: (02)735-7554 Fax: (02)730-5149

ISBN: 0-930878- 13-2

Printed in Korea

PREFACE

This book was designed as a guide for those who wish to learn written Korean. It presents for the first time in English the information necessary to read and write hangiil, the Korean alphabet, and the 1,800 Chinese characters taught in Korean schools. A Guide to Korean Characters contains simplified charts explaining hang5l and models showing exactly how to write each of the 1,800 Basic Characters. Sam- ple vocabulary words, selected on the basis of frequency of use, are included for each character. This handbook also functions as a character dictionary since its entries are arranged in stroke-count order and it contains both a radical and a phonetic index.

I am very grateful to those who have helped in the prep- aration of A Guide to Korean Characters. Mr. Cho PyTing-ha was indefatiguable, and the writing models in the text are examples of his graceful calligraphy. Dr. Ch6n Y6ng-ch'd and Mr. Yi Pang-h5n kindly read the entire manuscript and made many useful suggestions. I am indebted to Mr. Chu Shin-wgn, Chief Editor at Hollyrn Corporation: Publishers, for his patient guidance. I alone, of course, am responsible for errors.

Seoul. Korea Bruce K. Grant July 1979

CONTENTS

PREFACE 7

INTRODUCTION The Korean Writing System Hints on Learning Hangu'l History of Chinese Characters The Six Categories of Chinese Characters Hints on Learning Hanja Explanation of a Sample Character Entry Writing Characters Glossary

THE 1,800 BASIC CHARACTERS 25

APPENDICES 33 3

Korean Surnames 335 Easily Confused Characters 336 Commonly Abbreviated Characters 33 7 Characters with Multiple Readings 338 The 900 Middle School Characters in Textbook Order 339

INDEX How to Use a Character Dictionary Radical Index Phonetic Index

SELECTED BIBLlOGRAPHY

ENDPAPER CHARTS ~an~ill- in-a-hurry Charts Hangill Writing Models syllable Writing Models

insidejront cover inside back cover

INTRODUCTION

THE KOREAN WRITING SYSTEM

Korean is a member of the Altaic family of languages and is very similar to Japanese. It has been spoken on the Korean peninsula for more than 2,000 years but has enjoyed an in- digenous writing system since only the fifteenth century. Chinese exerted an early influence on Korean, and loan words from the Chinese now comprise about sixty percent of the Korean vocabulary.

Chinese is essentially uninflected, while Korean is polysynthetic. So different, in fact, are the two languages that Chinese and English have more in common than do Chinese and Korean. Ancient Koreans found Chinese ideographs unsuited to phonetically represent their richly inflected language, so they adopted written Chinese itself. Literate Koreans wrote one language, classical Chinese, and spoke another, Korean, until the dawn of the twentieth century, a period in excess of 1,500 years.

In 1440, King Sejong of the Yi Dynasty set a group of scholars to the task of inventing a means of writing the Ko- rean language. The resulting phonetic alphabet was promulgated in 1446 but did not enjoy widespread use. Hangiil, as it is now called, is perhaps the most scientific alphabet in general use in the world.

In 1972, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea directed that 1,800 Sino-Korean characters, hanja, be taught in all middle and high schools in the nation. These are commonly called the Basic Characters, and each is treated in this book. Modern Korean is written in a mixed script in which hanja is used for Chinese loan words and hangiil for purely Korean items.

The Korean alphabet is so simple that its sixteen totally 11

INTRODUCTION

distinct letters can be learned in minutes with the aid of the hangiil-in-a-hurry charts at the inside front cover of this book. Use these charts to decode hangal appearing in the book and elsewhere until it becomes entirely familiar to you. The charts at the inside back cover illustrate how to write each hangGI letter and how to combine the letters into syllables.

Korean consonants are pronounced much as they are in English, though they annoyingly assume different shades of sound when they appear as initials, medials, or finals. The five stressed consonants are pronounced with greatest possible stress but with no expulsion of air. For example, "tt" ( r-c ) is pronounced akin to the d of don't inUDon't do that!'' The aspirated consonants are pronounced with a heavy expulsion of air. The "k' "( 3 ) is similar, for example, to the k of kill in ill that rattlesnake!" Vowels are pronounced essentially as noted on the inside front cover. Access to a native speaker is recommended for refined pronunciation.

HISTORY OF CHINESE CHARACI'ERS

1n.ancient China, pieces of bone and shell were incised with characters and then heated. The resulting cracks among the characters were used by oracles to foretell the future. Thou- sands of such "oracle bones" have been unearthed. The characters on them, the oldest extant, date from about 1,400 B.C. Virtually all principles for the formation of ideographs are evident on the oracle bones, suggesting a long period of development prior to 1,400 B.C. After that time, characters underwent a continuing evolution of form that ended about 2,000 years ago with the development of the "square characters" still used today. The following chart traces four characters through this evolution and illustrates character styles which a modern reader is likely to encounter. Dates are very approximate.

lNTRODUcrION

Forms of Chinese Characters

THE SIX CATEGORIES OF CHINESE CHARACTERS

Characters traditionally have been classified into Six Cate- gories according to how they were originally fabricated or how they later accrued meaning. An understanding of these categories can bring a sense of order to the beginning reader who is likely to be bewildered by a forest of seemingly unrelated graphs. Moreover, the characteristics of the different types of hanja suggest varying learning strategies for their mastery. The Sung Dynasty scholar, Ch6ng Ch'iao, apportioned 24,235 characters to the Six Categories, and his results provide an indication of the relative size of each category. (Kwtin, page 2. See Bibliography.)

Category One: Simple Pictographs Simple Pictographs were the first type of character

fabricated by the ancient Chinese. They picture objects, such as tree,*. The trunk, branches and roots of a tree can be seen even in this modern form of the character. Another Simple Pictograph is (sun). This stylized character was originally round, and the line in its center represented rays of sunshine. Only 608 of the characters classified by Cheng Ch'iao are Simple Pictographs, but they are important because many of them are the building blocks from which other hanja are made.

A Simple Pictograph is easily learned by associating its shape and meaning.

Category Two: Simple Diagrams

Simple Diagrams were among the earliest characters made and depict relationships for which no picture can readily be drawn. Two common examples are I: (up) and (down). The diagrammatic nature of this pair is readily apparent. Simple Diagrams are best learned by associating shape and meaning. Ch$ng Ch'iao allotted 107 of his characters to this category.

Category Three: Simple Compounds

A subsequent development in the history of characters, Sim- ple Compounds are truly ideographic. They were made from

INTRODUCIlON

two or more existing characters whose combined meanings provide a clue to the denotation of the compound. The Simple Compound resulting from the union of R (sun) and * (tree) is R . The new character is pronounced 3- (tong), and signifies ''east," taking its meaning from the "sun" rising from behind a "tree" in the "east." A Simple compound is best learned by relating its meaning to that of its constituent elements. Of the graphs classified by Ch2ng Ch'iao, 740 were Simple Compounds.

Category Four: Phonetic Compounds

About ninety percent of the characters of Ch2ng Ch'iao, 21,811 hanja, are Phonetic Compounds. These graphs can be characterized as semi-ideographic and semi-phonetic since each is composed of a semantic element which furnishes a hint to the general meaning of the compound and a phonetic element which provides a direct clue to its pronunciation.

The phonetic clue in the vast majority of Sino-Korean characters is a significant potential mnemonic aid but is widely regarded as of limited value. Chinese lexicography obscures the phonetic relationships among characters, and some Phonetic Compounds which share an identical phonetic element have differing readings either because they were not originally homophonous or because their pronunciations diverged during centuries of phonetic and dialectic evolution. Nevertheless, it is likely that the phonetic clue is underexploited rather than overexploited by students of hanja .

Category Five: Derived Meanings

Derived Meanings originally belonged to one of the first four categories of characters. The evolution of Chinese gen- erated a need to assign abstract meanings to characters with concrete denotations. Graphs of this type took on abstract meanings but maintained their original denotation as well. An example is 9, originally a Simple Pictograph of a man sitting with crossed legs. Its derived meanings are "exchange, com-

INTRODUrnON municate, intercourse, mix, join." This leap in meaning is comprehensible to anyone who has watched old Korean gentlemen sit cross legged by the hour and "communicate" with cronies. Chtng Ch'iao assigned 372 of his characters to this category. Its characters are best learned by relating their original and derived meanings.

Category Six: Arbitrary Meanings

Characters of this type also belonged to one of the first four categories and took on additional denotations, but they sur- rendered their original meanings altogether. An example is jff , a Simple Pictograph of a growing stalk of grain. Other characters possessed the same meaning, but there was no character for "to come," which was pronounced the same as % . As a homophone, % was pressed into service to denote "to come" and has maintained only that meaning for millenia. Graphs of this category account for 598 of the characters of ChSng Ch'iao. They are best learned arbitrarily.

HINTS ON LEARNING IiANJA

There is no royal road to learning characters, but the task is not as difficult as it may appear, either. The sheer number of hanja is daunting; large character dictionaries may run to 50,000 entries. But no one need learn anything like this ridic- ulous number, and fewer than 300 discrete graphs compose all others. A study in Taiwan showed that the most common 400 characters in use there comprised fully seventy-three percent of all written material. (DeFrancis, page xix.)

The learning of Chinese characters will unavoidably entail some memorization. Homemade flash cards and repeated writing of characters can be valuable memorization aids. Any- thing, including hanja , is easier to learn when approached as part of a meaningful context. Those already participating in a Korean language program can easily meld specific information about the 1,800 Basic Characters into their language materials. Those undertaking independent study can meld

16

INTRODUCTlON

characters into available selections of written Korean . The vocabulary words accompanying each character in this book can also supply a measure of meaningful context. The 900 middle school characters in the appendix can be useful because the most common and frequently used characters appear in this list in the order they are first learned by Korean pupils.

Early attention to radicals, the 214 characters under which all others are listed in hanja dictionaries, is recommended for all. Familiarity with the radicals is requisite to the full use of a dictionary, and many radicals are numbered among the discrete graphs which comprise all others. The radicals can be found in the radical index of this handbook.

A student of hacia will find it valuable to develop the habit of estimating to which of the Six Categories a target character belongs since this will enable him to choose an appropriate learning strategy for it. Consult the preceding section of the Introduction for suggestions on learning strategies for each of the Six Categories of Chinese characters.

The vast majority of characters, perhaps ninety percent of all hanja, belong to the Phonetic Compound category. Each graph of this type mntains an internal clue to its own pronunciation. One beginning student schooled himself to look for this internal phonetic clue, and, on a quiz, successfully matched readings to eleven of thirteen Phonetic Compounds he had not previously encountered. The student will be well advised to make it a practice to estimate the reading of a target character, whether newly-encountered or unrecalled, by assigning to it the pronunciation of its major component elements.

A forthcoming handbook by the present editor will contain some 2,000 characters arranged in sets. Each graph in a set contains the same phonetic element and shares an identical or similar reading as well. The mnemonic value of a set of characters which both look and sound alike can be appreciated by perusing the following chart.

lNTRODUCTJON

Phonetic Compound Set

EXPLANATION OF A SAMPLE CHARACI'ER ENTRY

The character entry below is typical of the 1,800 in A Guide to Korean Characters.

Sample Entry

The main character of the sample entry, 2 , is one of the Basic Hania taught in a11 Korean secondary schools. It appears first in a large-type, slightly-abbreviated form common in published material. In the box beneath the main character is listed the radical under which it can be found in a character dictionary. This radical is given in its unabbreviated form, while it may appear in the main character in its common, abbreviated form. (A chart of abbreviated radicals appears on page 348.) The number to the right of the radical indicates the number of strokes in the non-radical portion of the main character, datum that is vital when using a hanja dictionary.

INTRODUrnON The 1,800 main entries are numbered consecutively. For 7 , this number is 238. These character numbers are used in cross references and indices.

To the right of the main character are nine squares in which its proper stroke order is progressively illustrated. The com- plete pen-written form of the main character occurs as the final entry in these squares. It is important to compare and contrast the written and printed forms of the main character since both will be encountered in reading materials.

The formal definition, or hun, of the main character occurs in the upper left corner of the area following the writing models. The hun for the sample character is 2 x 1 . This is followed to the right by English definitions of the main character and by its reading, or u'm, in boldface hangiil. In the sample entry, this iim is xi. The hun and iim are ordinarily said together as a verbal means of identifying a character.

Sample voc3bulary words comprise the remainder of the entry:These were selected on the basis of frequency of use in the language. Usually, three such words are included in an entry. The hanja typeface used for sample words is the stylized variation increasingly common in published material. Compare and contrast these with the main character typeface in an entry.

A Guide to Korean Characters is designed to aid in learning hangiil and hania . As a mini-dictionary, its English definitions are not exhaustive. For the convenience of the reader and to exploit limited space, many English definitions appear in verbal, adjectival or adverbial form even though Korean referents may occur only as nouns.

English definitions were purposely inserted between hanja entries and their hangiil readings in order to cause the eye of the reader to encounter first hanja and then its English meaning before coming to pronunciation. This arrangement may facilitate the learning process by obliging the reader to relate form and meaning for milliseconds before dealing with pronunciation.

P=-

'f- 3 238 ,

113 9 x 1 character, letter 4

*? character, letter, writing Ez\ @7 Sino-Koreancharacters, 9 x 1

Chinese characters ?$8, character dictionary 4 zd

'

17

, '

INTRODUCTION INTROWCTION

WRITING CHARACI'ERS

A general rule of writing is to make the graphs of uniform size no matter how simple or complex they may be. Hanja are listed in character dictionaries in ways inextricably related to stroke count. (See How to Use a Character Dictionary, p.347.) A character must be written, therefore, with strokes of con- stant shape set down in unvarying order. Details regarding stroke type and stroke order are provided below, but the reader will doubtless find the writing models accompanying each character in the text to be a more practical calligraphic guide.

Types of Strokes

The following chart illustrates eighteen types of strokes used in writing characters. The samples are done in brush style, but the principles also apply to pen calligraphy. Gen- erally, perpendicular strokes are made from top to bottom, while horizontal strokes are made from left to right. Even when it includes an angle, a stroke is written without lifting pen from paper. I

Types of Strokes I

The Rules of Stroke Order

Two basic rules govern stroke order.

1. Top to bottom.

2. Left to right.

Seven auxiliary rules also control the order of strokes.

3. ~orizontal strokes usually are written first when they cross perpendicular ones.

mj 4. Sometimes the reverse is true.

5. A center stroke is written first, then the left and finally the right.

6. An enclosure precedes its contents.

7. Diagonals running to the left precede diagonals flow- ing to the right.

8. A piercing perpendicular-stroke is written last.

lNTR0WCnON

9. A piercing horizontal stroke is written last.

GLOSSARY

Basic Characters. Basic Characters are the 1,800 hanja taught by order of the Ministry of Education since 1972 in all Korean middle and high schools. Their formal name is "Basic Characters for Use in Classical Korean Instruction" (hanmun kyoylakyong kich'o hanja).

Basic Hanja . See Basic Characters. Chinese Characters. See Six Categories of Chinese Char-

acters. Classical Korean. Classical Korean (hanmun) is classical

Chinese used by Koreans as their written language for more than 1,500 years.

Hangiil. Hangu'l is the modern name for the Korean alphabet promulgated in 1446 but not widely used until the present century.

Hanja . See Sino-Korean Characters. Ideograph. An ideograph is a symbol representing an

object or an idea but not the sound associated with that object or idea in spoken language.

Polysynthetic . Polysynthesism is the grammatical practice in Korean of combining word elements into a single word that can be the equivalent of phrases or even a sentence in English.

Phonetic Compound. One of the Six Categories of Chinese characters, Phonetic Compounds comprise some ninety percent of all characters. They are semi-ideographic and semi- phonetic.

Reading. - The iim, or pronunciation, of a character is its reading.

Semantic Element. A semantic element is that part of a Phonetic Compound, usually one-half the total character, which provides a hint to the general meaning of the compound.

INTRODV(;TION

Simple Compounds. One of the Six Categories of Chinese characters, Simple Compounds were formed from two elements whose combined meanings provide a clue to the denotation of the compound. They are ideographic.

Simple Diagrams. One of the Six Categories of Chinese characters, Simple Diagrams depict relationships for which a picture cannot readily be drawn.

Simple Pictographs. One of the Six Categories of Chinese characters, Simple Pictographs are drawings of objects. They were the first characters fabricated by the ancient Chinese.

Sino-Korean Characters. Chinese characters as they are used in the Korean language.

Six Categories of Chinese Characters. A traditional classification of Chinese characters into six types accordmg to how they were originally fabricated or later accrued meaning. The Six Categories are Simple Pictographs, Simple Dia- grams, Simple Compounds; Phonetic Compounds, Derived Meanings and Arbitrary Meanings.

THE BASIC CHARACTERS

1 and 2 strokes

seventy years 1

4

2 strokes 2 strokes

3 strokes I 3 strokes

k His Royal Majesty kfi$f@ high society kg senior official

man, gentleman;

a rooming house

74 till now, up to the present P5

n& 3 die, perish; be lost; absent rb- #it flee, run away, escape @ -t- be destroyed, collapse, fall 9 o,F

12 & defect, seek foreign refuge 9 9

T A common, ordinary A R in general, as a rule

20

A, 2

21

n 1 26

a n 1

27

) 7 k n " 2 apil1;abullet 4. h % pill, pellet a ",t h @1 pill, pellet @ 41 $$ h bullet; projectile; shell !&a

fl

A '8 mediocre; common, ordinary % .'k

3 knife blade, knife edge ?!

& A bladed weapons; $!q bayonets; weapons

$ XJ kill oneself with a dagger xioJ

3 strokes

3,e, one's own child;

fB degree of kinship +gill short dramatical

performance; skit

novel, story; fiction /J\g retail selling ~ I J \ large and small; size,

hg fields and mountains

13 stream bank, riverside CLl)ll mountains and rivers

T #9i a thousand years f- lf. a thousand characters

a population; inhabitants 0J ?

k ti4 land, real estate f nature of the soil f * civil engineering

officer; soldier

it$ gentleman, man of honor

0 32

A , A 0

33

- f $-,

p TI] evening edition +& 4 morning and evening; E"?

breakfast and dinner

3 big. great 4 very, very much, greatly 4 @ major portion, large part d+g

A@ college, university GI*

3 strokes 4 strokes

Branches; snake

Ze 42d of the 60 binary terms 9 x 1 of the sexagenary cycle

zek#d literati purge of 1545 + A ~ A ) #

T 0 44

3 0 45

49

Re 3 50

9 17 7

-

?% intervene, meddle in 34 reclaim land by drainage + 4

a bow 3

9% archery,bowmanship %$ 3% archer, bowman 3S-f

#+ red, cinnabar; pill g autumnal tints, cJ%

red and yellow A.$? colors; red and green 9 4 --!+fl#L\ fidelity; a sincere heart ?J%Q>J

4 strokes

et cetera; thus and thus,

A 9 now, the present time

4 strokes

12 mercy; beneficence

woman

I4 @ the substance, details; contents

I4 a< the interior, the inner

2 n 2

6 1

I,

I\ n 2

6 2

/

-12

1

2- / \

/ \ 2~

L A 1

39% impartial, fair; public 3

royal princess 37 o T

af$$R civil servant, government %y% employee

public opinion; fair %% criticism

4 R,! six 3 (i+) June +Pi4

f;; + sixty . f ; the Six Categories of Q 4

Chinese Characters 8 4

4 strokes 4 strokes

04 % difficulty, distressed

JE @ misfortune, bad luck #$E unexpected misfortune

calamity, disaster

I4 8 a year of famine wicked, bad

f a poor crop

@I ft be immediate, real

&l6g a forget-me-not flower TnJZ , surprise, surprisingly a d

Z W mention, say Q propagate, disseminate

the state examination

gj opposition, resistance;

39

9 2 67

1k t 2 68

:, " enough

3 transform, change 4. g i k *deteriorate, aggravate, %L%)

worsen iLb chemistry * ";F i k inspire, influence 7J3)

4 strokes

Korea in 1592 Z 19th of the 60 binary terms od

of the sexagenary cycle

farmer, peasant

L more, moreover

R g extreme, severe

ER a very short distance ZRBT a mere child

droop; demand, ask

3 I ,# transfer of duties

nd, affections; . ention; core; center

4 strokes 4 strokes

direction; square; region; plan; recipe; just now

f i method, way, means

7 ) s speak; say, it is said

6 argue pro and con $13 8 Confucius said 8 p+ a female ruffian; a rowdy %q

a @ monthly salary a YJ a monthly magazine,

a monthly publication Fj X the end of the month, end 3 2

* g- the planet Jupiter

pg governmental vi

-ft@ pay, disburse

* i k culture ; civilization 33\

* 0 9 1

44- 4 0

92

-

f( E1Jj civilization; culture 39 2 (:h a literatus, a man of letters 9 *J

3 a dry measure (18 liters, .4- 3.97 gallons)

@ + an authority, a luminary, E)J f a star

+ measuring by pecks 7 %b ( ~ 1 )

4 strokes 4 strokes

$ ratio, percentage

%@% woolen fabrics, woolen 93 9

a clan, a family surname and personal

name, one's full name

.Ic !3 father and mother,

sliced boiled meat

cow, ox

+ f L cow's milk "Read classics into a 5 4

COW'S ear", cast pearls

5 strokes 5 strokes

E$ the world, the earth j&L the world; society;

+& R a generation

fi,fi - 4

115

T be firm, decisive, resolute 4

others, et cetera

#$IT office boy; errand girl;

SS transfer, hand over; J+ commit to; pay

f ask, solicit, request; charge +EL with, entrust with

+j- remit, forward, send *+ A 3

120

A 3 121

/ - -

I

1% ;, r3 I;f 4 3d of the 10 Heavenly

Stems ; the third '+I

3% 3d of of the the sexagenary 60 binary terms cycle 9 6J

third class, third grade 9% f' ' -

transfer, hand over, '' pass along 3l+

AJ Taoist immortal, fairy, 4 genie

(dl& fairy, nymph 4 4 @ (& Taoist immortal; hermit, AJAJ

ascetic; a spirit (h), hermit, ascetic; a spirit; "J

Taoist immortal

5 strokes 5 strokes

good; tenn of respect

command, order

5 % brothers, sisters, brethren g 41 a% husband of a girl's elder 3 +-

Iffff books, publications f f f f ~ a m ~ h l e t , booklet

+$E the winter solstice

4 publish; engrave, cut

process, work; manufacture; treat

rf ig meritorious service, meritorious deeds

ak merit and virtue;

a 7_% be included, contained, embraced, covered

wrap, pack up

5 strokes

$ occupy; seize, take,capture ;do qj occupy, possess (territory) $ 4 possess, occupy (property)

jff come and go; lending and 4 4 borrowing; transactions

A 9 now, the present { merely, only; but,

however, provided that, on condition that

5 strokes

%W exclaim, cry out p4~& a cry, shout, shriek ~4% impeach, censure,

denounce, arraign

5 strokes

criminal case

5 strokes

-T

qg flattery, honeyed words ~4

E R huge, colossal E an enormous object; a

prominent person E E a great man; a huge star 4

*% propagate, proselyte E proclaim, declare,

5 strokes 5 strokes

kbs kindergarten @ % an infant, a baby 2 @J the young and the old

o\* not,no;un-,in-,non-;

% theU.S.dollar

certain victory

f J !@ hit, strike; a blow fJ h$ destroy, break down fJ calculate, reckon

Z!i! New Year's Day

5 strokes 5 strokes

a k mother and daughter homeland, mother

ilc ,$!& the freezing point

*$ij a glacier; an icebound river MJ

3 entrance hall 3 unpolished rice 7 a kind of harp

JJL + final year of term of service; a girl 15 or 16

X#$ disintegrate, fall to pieces; q q break up, collapse

i ZW a tile-roofed house

7 j ( * 1

174 0

180 * 1 0

181 J

transgress, violate; offend; invade

d % %$ an offender, a criminal, % 4 x\

a convict % f i commit a crime 3 *A'

A 2 & break the law, violate 175

% $ the law

' - H * r

I

.)+

3 -f--

)-

&

71 -tf

)j

4 perpetual, eternal, long 54

& perpetual, eternal 9% permanence; perpetuity, 9 =p

eternity &% final farewell, part forever 9 4

3 sweet; pleasant, voluntary

3

IfI IfI $ licorice be willing root to suffer, &a 4-f-

submit willingly #'% sweetness, a sweet taste ;Id- nl

be born; produce; life; d student; raw, fresh; arbitrary, forced

living, existence % % life d

survival, survive 4' +

5 strokes

use, employ forms; stationery

EEI k cultivated land, fields

means; source; permit

t; the sexagenary cycle

0 A Caucasian, white man

5 strokes

Ffia skin, the skin Emm superficial, shallow &% a conveyor belt

purpose, object, goal

2~ contradiction 3% $% contradictory terms p+$ A\

marshal; display, set forth

% ti arrows and stones 4 "4 (in ancient warfare)

$$ % a poisoned arrow + 4 E; 9 bow and arrow 3 4

6 ,a kerosene 6 stone implement

6 strokes 6 strokes

4 growing grain, growing rice

a)

%&% edible grains, cereals 9-35

8 0 194

> ' Tpd cave, hole %I R E dwell in a cave 37.1 R R depth of a grave 53 "d

a grave -zt%

E 0 195

2 & exchange, interchange 2 & negotiate, bargain

# incident, affair, matter 1% {+ condition, stipulation (+ @ number of cases,

number of incidents

& gu plans; make a plan

- 4 198

A 4 203

iR A 4 204

7 ;f

1 2 - 2 -

5 :K L

'

4-- 4K-

1 12th of the 12 Earth's 4 Branches; boar, pig

&@ Watch of the Boar, the period 4 A)

between9 and 11 P.M. % '?. Year of the Boar d d

Day of the Boar 4 "2

& intend; contemplate; 7) E undertake

a 5 3 prostrate; yield; humble; q hide, lie in ambush; suppress; secret

{A surrender, capitulate 32 + 3 {A three "dog daysw of summer +

hide, conceal oneself; "d-+ dormant, latent

6 strokes 6 strokes

O? E a trillion; omen, sign E

9 indication, sign; omen ~2 Zi? k $,, sign, indication, omen a4 9 a hundred million and a 04

thewhole,all +@ pan-national, nation-wide, JJ %

the whole country eg, completely, entirely

communism ' % combined, joint 3-55 . o o

#EZ% communism n 4 t."JTq

213 &@ be common, be common to +g

1 rli again, repeated 4

B@ reconstruction 34 4.

jIj ifj Bj- @ A a second time, twice 3?rl 3- efiq year before last 34 ?-d

n 4 214 - 4 9 punishment 4

f l ] f a criminal case; detective, 3 A\

police investigator fl] & criminal law % g fl] g place of execution n 4

7jd %I- 215

4 7 )tF 9 arrange in order; enumerate, 34 classify; each one; file, rank; series

a train 03 >\ n 4 ?IJ @ the Great Powers 93

2 1 6 811 archipelago 95

JL 4 2 0 9

. fk* a teacher; gentleman; "J "8 Mister (honorific)

f k a senior, an elder .';! ~ f l fk,@& a forerunner;

I L 4 47.1 210 the vanguard

) 1- I +

trillion ;myriads

4 first, front, foremost 4

6 strokes

ft & crisis, emergency, critical situation

@ & an impression @ $g a seal impression

& & each, every; all;

a lucky dream, dream

6 strokes

s o \ & return; Mohammedan; 4 time, occasion

EZE the present, now;at present; gxq this world; present tense

&E& exist, be extant S 4 %@ site, position, location; & 31

whereabouts

Bll.. many and few; some; 4-k quantity, amount

good fortune, good luck L+ 88

kindness, humaneness 4 x 2 232

k 3

6 strokes

233

k 3

BR %i as before, as ever

g senility, dotage

*F character, letter, writing +PI- t@5j?. Sino-Korean characters,

Chinese characters 9% character dictionary

t life and death; existence 5 ~2

4 spouse; wife of

g g $ &

ZL

/ - - ---7

%L "1 queen; royal concubine; 4 wife; lady *

*hi?, queen dowager 4 "1 342 queen consort %L "1 42% queen and royal concubine dl M I

3 2971 barbarians; eastern 01 barbarians; squat

3 ss # strange the eastern custom barbarians 8 0 1 01 q

6 strokes 6 strokes

arrange

safety, security

& $$?j place of a ceremony f$$ & a ceremony, a rite

k%@ Watch of the Dog, between 7 and 9 P.M.

-J $ entrust; request q fi )-E depend on, rely on qe

E?- "2

3 251

) 4% harvest; collect; receive what + is due, gather together; bind; bring to an end

income, earnings $- "d 5 2

4frB to house, accommodate f- -$ 252 4 harvest, gather in f 4

,'. 3 243

3 .I- 3 244

1-J '

--

%

1

vanguard 'I;-%! be sharp, acute; be radical %,dl

1.

' ) I

,I . 3 245

: 3 246

7f ,

.Jx

-

.I-I

Buddhist temple; hall *I -+E amonastery, A\ 3

a Buddhist temple Buddhist temple A\ 3

~ k l %famous Buddhist temple in KyZingju dating from 691 A.D.

*?+pointed, sharp 3 . k .LOA fine point, pointed tip; 44-

.]

j-1-

-).

j-1-1

'I;- & military spearhead 34 %!

3% region, state, province f

J + l f $ S provinces and counties ?% h ,,.I, the nine provinces of Silla j'- 7 91.1 9 $ state governor f zlA\

6 strokes

@ early marriage

El 2 253

3 period of ten days; A ir one-third of a month

f; $ the final ten days of Sl-5 a month + $ the middle ten days of %*

El 2 a month 254 $#I first and tenth of a month 9

36 crooked, bent, false. P wrong; tune

,, 1% $& "" a curvedline, curves * 4 3 a tune, a melody * E

El 2 @~ meandering ; circumstances + 3

9% exist, be; have, possess %

?3 % be famous, well-known -8-g 4% 2 be influential; %'rl

convincing; powerful ?34 full of promise. hopeful -8- nk

6 strokes

tkf& hereafter, in the future

a 14 rivers and mountains,

$1 4 rivers and lakes, scenary, retreat

6 strokes

@ & lotus pond; pond

gray; ash color,

the common people i'Zg& department store

fl one - hundred days

7 2

6 strokes

.1

nl* 4; % brown rice, 8J ~1

unpolished rice rice/grain dealer D \ ~ A J

X 0 271

, -1 -2 0 , sheep, goat "2 F E wool 0,t 4-

2 2 I 4 goat; antelope 0,t - milk "& -E-

well-cooked; experienced

z@ old woman E 0 + the old and the young k&

274 - 9 3 +z% examine, consider 1

S$ $ examination, test 3-4 3 18 deliberate, consider 3 4 S$g examine, inquire into 3 22

45 0 275 - 7 7- 9 6 1 3 and; but; like; nevertheless 01

\ %Zt;;iTii~-+ however, be that as it may 3 6 1

9 61 ~ k q

ifii 0 276 * -

7 3

6 strokes

fif. $ boating; a boat ride E $3 skiff, small boat $3 @j pontoon bridge

% color, hue; coloring f5 S color blindness

a %? blood vessel

6 @ behavior, conduct; action, movement

6 5 conduct, actions; a function, an event

63 whereabouts

6 strokes

IhJg the body, the flesh

8 self, oneself; himself,

3 0 281

=is ?? 0

282

74

1

? k L - 4 - 4

.

%-

tongue 4 &$B unfortunate slip of the JJ S\

tongue a!# argument, battle of tongues 3 xd

7 strokes 7 strokes

I 4 5 rank; esteemed; seat; position fZ df 4; aa place, location; $1 21 position; situation

a"a (2 dignity; nobility 9 91 A 42 SB gentlemen

293 211 $1

)%{kg assistant, helper, aide

E E residents, inhabitants

fE'% residence, home, house

lid OUBs'l in any event, anyway

% slightest, any, little

7 strokes

13 strive, endeavor

7 strokes -7

, ' 4%

- J+y Buddha; France %- a& Buddhism +gz @@ statue of the ~uddha

AL

Buddhist scriptures z 0

-%4

'

7 strokes 7 strokes

i%Jk absorb, assimilate, suck in * % I absorb, suck up

#@ smoke tobacco

g ;-h I , me; we, us; mankind

rn 9 be difficult; troublesome 3 * awkward situation,

El & balance, equilibrium 3 equal, uniform, even

Fm average; on the average 4 3

7 strokes

Idj obstruct, hamper,prevent d& 4

gE compromise, come to terms with

g E reasonable, appropriate E\ #i& compromise

7 strokes

chess situation

6 bureau director

1 tail; follow; end

follow; surveil

jg @ make one's rounds; inspection tour

tI\ 9 hope for; Greece

fiR hospital bed a wooden bed

7 strokes 7 strokes

,em shun, avoid ,e@ evade, shun, shirk; take 71 91

,G !.# patience; perseverance

Jiff ingredient, component,

succeed, achieve

the court, the government 3 @ ff the court, the government 376 &z court of law, tribunal 4 4 g g the Royal Court 3 Jd

/ j-

7

$

$

7 strokes 7 strokes

4 41 warn, caution; precepts a transgress, violate

Buddhist law

% support, maintain j g ~ m g t ~ mutual assistance,

fit in; submit; go toward

E% cast a ballot, vote @ invest, put up money E $J anonymous note;

contribute to write for

4 %kq oppose, resist

fiii)E resist; rebel against

~ p j craftsmanship, mechanical skill

& B# attack, assault; verbally 3 attack, denounce

& Ph offensive and defensive

7 strokes

362

xq J+ material, stuff 4 ' ' w H materials 4 s- H $ lumber, timber 4 9

resources, material 4 71

1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i l , a g e , rural community I-/ -&A- - .

363 $$

' ' I. 1 *$% village, hamlet I#I #$'% village house, cou.try house

% S T $ -

$w sentry, guard j~ f i walk, go afoot

@ El every day, each day each year, yearly

R resolve; resolution R & decide, resolve

inspect; sight-see

gloomy, melancholy t k ~ go to the bottom, sink

bathe, wash oneself

A - - , 3% bind; control, restrain, -I

keep in order

KJ3R %# bind, promise, put give under one's the yoke, word +* q+ shackle * 3

364

g+f fj? helpless, one's hands f ++*j are tied

7 strokes

disaster victims

g3 a man, a male & man and woman,

male and female & one's own children;

brother and sister

All is lost!

E l gracefuI; handsome a prodigy, a genius

@ superior; predominant

7 strokes

91

$L private establishment

$L & private ownership $L +q self-interest, private gain A\ Z]

8% study, research

%@. lineage; source, origin;

f@ a portrait, likeness W resemblance /I; be unworthy of one's

father, be unlike one's

af liver and gall; one's innermost heart

7 strokes

117: a right angle ffj @ an angle; view, standpoint +E

- ' % 9% words, speech; talk, 9 speak, express; mean

- ,

+- * * =+z urt language. speech 90-1 \ allude to, mention 9%

-. s o 4 f i words and deeds, 9 *J 386

speech and action

iL f 1 z valley, ravine = 1 7. L4 6 mountain valley "J+

6 dark valley, deep valley ++ ' F- s' .6 gorge, canyon, ravine TI+

@ 0

38, As / - C + , ,, beans;peas r

kg soy beans 4 7 bean curd 74- T' F: green peas ++

53: 0 3 388 - 1 17 17 shells; treasure 4

I! %Q shellfish 4 5- 9 F! Ihi shellware, shell goods ~1 % , W % a shell 51 q~

" 0 gJ 389 1 \

,& fk communize, sovietize

a look from a running

j#j@ satisfied, contented

- 0 @$@ bicycle 4-73 4 $@ vehicles - *F ?+ A ijj& automobile, car, truck 4 - 5 4

$ 0 3 94

' f bitter, acrid; distressing,

F 4

toilsome, grievous

PX suffer bitter experiences AJx - % be sharp, biting, pungent "Jg % spicy hot taste du1

7 strokes 8 strokes

confederation ER ally, friendly state

?l]% moment, instant @ #Si'$ hell, an inferno % 3 vicinity, neighborhood;

Branches; cock, rooster Watch of the Cock,

the period between 5and7 P.M.

E% Year of the Rooster B B DayoftheRooster

guard against, ward off

@? defense (as in "defense dkql

& 3 include, contain; embraces; covers

$3 imply, suggest

$La a wet nurse

$1 the female breast

1 7 406

/

u

/

g&

/

/ - A

% 2 affair,matter;undertaking, A\

business; serve

BR fact, reality; actua1ity;truth *)a circumstances, the situation, 4 7 d

state of things $I% incident, affair, case A t d_

8 strokes 8 strokes

H use, employ, apply

W concrete example flJ $7 common practice,

custom; customary

the fixed official pric

7 rJ 5 7 7 1 rabbit 4.

% rabbit droppings LES utch, rabbit box +_A\

& rabbit skin LE 31

JL 6 417

J L 6 418

L7 /

i'

47

9 b

a o t o ] son, child O\

a child, children .)a orphan z o t

/J\ infant; young child

8 strokes

law; documents; control; mortgage

% $$ dictionary, lexicon &E a classic, the classics,

old books $tC@BtJ typical, model

1 arrive at, reach

arrive at a destination $1) everywhere, everyplace $1) % arrival, advent; visitation

laws; regulate, govern; 41 determine, decide, fix; prepare

%I] restrict, limit .l) 51 establish, enact, institute 3) ZJ

$jJj~ regulation dress, uniform +

8 strokes

chit, bank note

B % certificate, bond,

34 work laboriously;

craven 4 @ lowly, obscure, humble

8 strokes I

overwhelm, overrun

@a examine, investigate

5 1% take over, assume

8 strokes

34

WE call to; act in concert

H % stubborn; persistent EiFJ firm, solid, strong

8 strokes 1 '+J night, nighttime; the dark 0 )

&Be'] nighttime, night 0k 4 bs night guard 0k 8 &a night duty, night shift work

44 3

s 3- 7) 01 2 strange, rare, wonderful 71

9 curious, extraordinary 71

& $ P$$ strange. odd; exquisite, 7) 3 I wonderful

' 3% a strange story 71

S service, serve serve in government,

hold official office

concubine, mistress

of one's sister

father's sister

&a paternal aunt mother-in-law and

8 strokes

" 4

8 strokes 8 strokes

entrust, commission

friendless, lonesome,

7@ the universe, the cosmos +f q&&fi space travel

8 @J regular, scheduled,

EB dwell at, live in EE dwell, reside, inhabit l&s a living room

humiliation, disgrace & bent, winding

E fJF surrender, yield

8 strokes 8 strokes

k %i a young (waxing) moon ~2 z ,

@ 4 string music

~ 1 5 ; conquer, subjugate,

@& conquer, subjugate @ go on expedition

8 strokes 8 strokes

repeat from memory

someone, some person

8 strokes 8 strokes

disobey, rebel

applause, clapping #IF musical beat, time,

cultivation; exploit,

detain, keep in custody ;I;# not be hindered by;

disregard obstacles

M@Jl bright, cheerful !Yj $ plain, obvious g@ definite, clear

@ easy, simple @ fortune telling, divination

%P$ ascend and descend;

# ascension to heaven W& be promoted

8 strokes

513

41 71 a pillow 3

%* a block; railroad crosstie %J + *a wooden pillow +- 2t &t;b pillow and bed; 2J 4

sleeping place

514

O 4 505

5.2

IB

dusk, twilight @ faint, fall unconscious @@ lapse into a coma,

become comatose

a long time

a % * -w? ,J

f i

9:: past and present 3 4 1

n

board, p l d Fl

#?? a board, a plank S...z\ &+ woodblock-printedbook %& #?rEjJ& P'anmunj6m 4-3

f

$7

507

friends"

+ clothes; swallow; dose of Q medicine; serve, submit

overcome, conquer ++ aB@ obey; yield 22-a 7 0

161% public service 9 7 -

11

fJ

- $

* ' $3 508

3 last year; ancient times Aj 'd

41 friend, companion; % match, pair

t l o

RJ -

A 8f

A4 I

7 4- $3.

friend, companion - b r

m l faction, clique, coterie 3-9 mx+jE "confidence between +++-AJ

fl Al

8 strokes 8 strokes

Efiff branches and leaves;

poison; evil, hurtful

a poisonous snake

$Jll l rivers; streams and

% 5 -- @$J canal, waterway 519 ;v jq

% . .. 7) % oil, fat, grease; paint, % varnish

;fi it4 petroleum; kerosene anoilfie,

4% % ~ i

crude oil, petroleum 91%

4 law, statute, rule; plan, method; example; doctrines of Buddha

J 4 ? alaw; thelaw 4%

4 2 :

:a & 5

526

-&

': 1

4 *J-

;\)

$k '

:-> / * A

)%

' . :A 4'

&E court of law 4% E$ a judge i!!

Q cry, weep Q be moved to tears 7 F A

a, tearful remonstrance u tl

4-7,F am implore, request with tears $id :B-

8 strokes

. 9 4 waves (on water) 3 waves, rough sea a)E

~@B wave-motion, s\+ undulation; fluctuation

.@@ ripples 4%

2J$ mud, mire; plaster; paste ~1 >

rl $1; @ get dead drunk 01 4 # + mud; clay, potter's clay 0)s 7 1 j ~ 6 gilt paint 61 -S

% 4 pour water; concentrate . - +

8 strokes

' # heed, pay attention, ?GI

., -L a > be cautious of - ; ; 4 j$* order (as a suit of clothes), f 2

34 printing block ?!

IlhiE situation, state of affairs *? set type, compose type 34 publish, print, bring out 5%

& 5 5 2 9

-2- >+ *$k swim 03 -r 0 . . g& the backstroke ~ 1 3

swimming pool gcd ;a'

530 4

* ' ;z

fi

*

8

j:

commission H take notice, pay attention ?9

41 9 4 swim, dive %I

531

\ I r $

532

b >

9:

'

$$

&x broiling weather; $3 a blazing sun

@$I intense heat %-$

1 % dispute, wrangle 4 contest, competition 2 4

mjq struggle; strife; 7 x 8 a campaign

9% compete,scramble, 4 E& struggle

' 3:

gg flame; bright; brilliant; 3 inflammation, . .. itis

$I% intense summer heat % O$

8 strokes

a 3 539

8 strokes

k d blind; deluded 4 El Fj blindly, recklessly u j +q

$-E blind faith, blind belief 9 4 @ the blind and the dumb d o t

/ ) 5 ",F know 4 9% knowledge, learning 4 4 9% sense, judgment; 31 q

perception B# intellect,mentality 4 "2

4 P7 $u A] A) sacrifice, offering; sacrifices A\

to the dead: a year ejie sacrificial rite; ancestor A] A\

worship service . %%e sacrifice to one's ancestors %A\

Sjje memorial sacrifice held ELL) at a grave -

P 2 company, society; earth god, altar to the earth god

@'& society, the public 451

? - pkH company use, business use A\$

public commercial A\X m 4 &2--

. n a be persuaded of

+% lie down, rest 9)

. @% lie sick in bed qk $

13 J$ B @@ liedownwithsickness qk "4 @& sleep and eat, live an 9FA?

" ' &I PI\ ideal life

550

e

e-c ,q

5

543 , rn 7'

3 544

* 17

' & )

540

'

before

a

fi

if. ' 1

1,-

,* '

\

9y

I ?

straight, direct; honest ill # straight line .@ directly; personally 44 &$j immediately prior, right 4 xd

/z,3 '

announcement; advertisement

UJ sky,air;empty;hollow; = zero

a# notebook 3 i l l 0 1

9 % ~ ) vainly, fruitlessly 54 3% vain dream, fantasy ~ L A L 0 0

8 strokes 8 strokes

I ZJ cottage, shed; lodge, 4 reside at; my younger relative; put away; omit

&@ room for entertaining 4 % male guests

$@&boarding house; dormitory 71 f A) gg an official residence 44 W flowers; vice; assorted P)

E@ Silla ~011th excelling in *% beauty, bravery, and military arts

EtE$1 flowerpoi Em flower garden

sprout, shoot, germ o\

@$$ germinate, sprout e&O\

ng bud-grafting 0k7il

8 strokes 9 strokes

ue, green; young

,$? pavilion, summerhouse Zd 7)

+i# pavilion, summerhouse 3 4

EB marquis, marquess feudal lords

Ep7i toilet; restroom convenient, handy, useful 4 S]

9 strokes 9 strokes

+ consequently, accordingly 5

RHIJ fundamental principle,

X bravery, courage & brave man; warrior & intrepid; valiant

the South; southern

$j@ the south pole & jk south and north; south

Korea and north Korea

$--;e? superior, eminent, heroic, f refined, handsome

@% be talented and refined F A TT

@;P eminent ability, talent 54 a great man, a hero 53

+ Sfi importune, press, urge 31 +

I7 47 fig promote, expedite Qs! fia urgent, imminent; acute +%L

574

J

4' * the mundane world, w1 A 7 earthly existence

575 folk customs uJl XSi_eprotect, guard; guarantee $L

R% protect, safeguard Y.5 #a take custody. watchover 94 # r f f preserve, maintain X g

A 7 576 j?f 4% 4%

$3 belleve in, trust; confidence; +l token; letter; news; envoy

trust, rely on; credit 4.45 E & belief, conviction 4 'd Es fidelity, truthfulness; AJ-21

577 faithfulness

1 3 1- cap, crown 3 a@ ceremonies for coming of 4s

age and marriage IIj %?$$ ancient court costume; 4 4

attire of a bridegroom - 7 FL 7z z$$$ "hat ceremony", coming 5 78 of age ceremony

1 (9 *

'

{%-

+?+ customs, practices; vulgar, 4 common; worldly; unrefined; lay (not clerical)

#% proverb, saying L k GL 1 T1

9 strokes 9 strokes

QA\+ adultery; rape

intercourse adultery; fornication

,fi@ one's uncle and

%$$L rebel, revolt revolt; plot treason

3ZgB implore, supplicate 23% grief, sorrow

---

I ) all, togther %

@,!%gE a lost messenger $%%\A\

) esteemednephew @*l

n 6 589

u m 7 d

a 6 590

I

0 -Q\

A&,)& 17

x3 9

.Q v"

v '

'Q VU

(honorific) Hamkyiing province $L<

things, goods; quality; Q kind, class; conduct, deportment

LZJ@ kind, variety, species %% GEi quality 5'2

articles, commodities,goods 3%

9 strokes 9 strokes

%B house; building, structure 7\+

Efi outside, outdoors Western-style house

screen against a draft pictured screen

%a an empire A1 + , *m.lEfi imperial government, 41 4

fi 6 605

,A ' ) , Y$M. generdissimn, ~ k +

commander-in-chief ' command, control, %f

leadership 7

71 0 I ' 1 '1 - dark, g1oomy;arcane; -8- subtle; retired, lonely

@% spirit of the dead; ghost, -i? specter; supernatural visitor

a 6 & ,& IYYM incarcerate, confine +41 607 @g brightness and darkness

' r j", 1- 6

j % 608 )%

rule by imperial government

%X emperor 4 %L

zk+ commander, leader 9 Ern field marshal, fleet admiral +ilf

Y Y

4 5 rule, law, limit, degree r 1

WI OF%! calculate, estimate %I@ system

9 H I E

@$& frequency, number of times; percent alcohol

ES-

in liquor L1 survey land

7 ' 1 r -

9 strokes

%% entertain, treat expect, count on;

anticipate, hope for stand by, await call

@z the rear, rear area f%& regret, be sorry for f military retreat; retreat pq

9 strokes

,&@ careless, negligent; remiss 4 D,F

murmur against

9 strokes

if%% maintain, support %@ sustain, maintain Rj?j possess, bear, carry

# nominate; designate

-- + 7 33 reason. cause; die, 3 the former

& native place, place of ~I.z& origin

& accident; reasons, A\X * 5 -$L

circumstances 626 @ gk i& h the departed. the deceased 02

132

9 strokes

be exhausted #i* dead tree, withered tree 38 ~% withered leaf

somebody, something, so-and-so, such-and-such

X 6 a certain place, solneplace LLZ~ @ a certain kind, some kind of =%

&a assess taxes; revise a budget A\J,, &@ in-laws relatives by

soft, pliable, flexible g B judo, jujitsu

9 strokes

9 strokes 9 strokes

'&%:a the Naktong River

aflj Asian continent

#& dispatch forces,

9 strokes 9 strokes

emperor B 3% emperor 3J 41 3% imperial household

\/7

@ G' El.

/

47

9 strokes 9 strokes

Wfg study, research, inquire into 47 R@ study and train, take training ++

ifif# pray, offer prayer ifim pray, supplicate

department; science

t4.S traditional state

A rush in, dash in

3 k,-- A T 4 674 .*' \\\ .*xZ

$Z,% commemorate

@@I$$ laborer, worker gB writer, author fg$ envoy, messenger;

g\HtL patience; perseverance 94 Ad

%%& Christianity

9 strokes

B Fjj7j stomach and intestines @% stomach ulcer

E@ stomachache

#JIB a Chinese garment

8T a little, a few, some mg@k as clear as light

if, supposing, by chance o&%t

T S % important, necessary; must; 8 summarize; demand; seek for; make an agreement

I% essential element; requisite Bt % demand; request; call for AT

the main point, the general 34 idea; outline, summary

9 strokes

A' 4 sprouts; growing corn E

%$ sapling 3% s~ plant a seedling; 11 5= a seedling

4k *L seedbed, seed-plot 3.2

8 \=7 m la 1 A' 44s indeed; if, only 7

ZjR indigent; ignoble 'F4

5 Zje ease temporarily 7 0k

688

*' 1

+f-

81 \

9 strokes

@a edit, retouch

i&@ mutual aid; go aid go for assistance

FZkf military, military affairs *A\

V!$$? the army, military forces ft4 ), soldier, military man

9 strokes

'rB% oppress, persecute

%& write a book state; a statement terms; technical terms;

4% heavy; important; severe

lib restrict, limit rn term, period

limit, qualify, restrict

@i @ area, square measure aspects, features; face,

countenance, honor %@ the surface, the face,

the outside; appearance

9 strokes

@i& food and drink; food

prime minister, premier +Ak

10 strokes

@ storehouse, warehouse %g%l hastily, in a rush

10 strokes

+@j faint; die; be stunned @@ demolish, tear down;

GB overdraw

10 strokes

%& table for two

i%% freeze to death

desolate; plaintive; sad; 4

10 strokes

$3 hard, unyielding 7d. HI153 firmness; fortitude; 7 0 ~ 71

strength of character RUB decisive; determined; ~ b q -

resolute 71 ~q f l l ] WIB be upright, have integrity

728

5% source, origin, 3 beginning; natural; derivation; plateau, high plain; high level

the origin $'J 4s

7 29 $3 $' Z t f wise, knowing ip

- ;If- $* - BE9 philosophy 4f+ ;trii@ philosophy of, philosophical

principles of

, $V f .k $6 B6% philosopher

7xn \ 77 G'

I weep, cry, mourn for +I . ~

@E lamentation Qt Mz wail, weep aloud Z+

wailing %*

l member; associate % I hR staff member, personnel 9%

member of a medical staff 91 3 National Assemblyman 21 *J

,-" p +L+& Tang Dynasty, China, Chinese

B

4 5- F@ carrot +-Z 7 ;% audaciously; %LS presumptuously

Chinese rice paper %LJI 733

10 strokes

single-stringed fiddle

4 5 ' 1 girl, woman; wife %

& 7 maiden, maidens %b3 t $ ,+ *3 g, a mass of women, an 9 3 ~ ~ ar rn y of women

" 7 38 ' At & 4k i( 4;

\ f 7J rejoice; amuse; pleasure A o

&4 amusement; entertainment P jp @$$& amusement room, arcade

* ' + 4$q 7 39

10 strokes 10 strokes

&g hinder, prevent, obstruct MJ-84 $qg gain and loss, advantage 01 4

and disadvantage $!?% murder, kill

' j 5 ) 4 house; family; specialist, 7F

professional; class, school

%% family; home 7F4 + 7 I 1%'

!$Bk family, household 7F+

744 x. ~ J L . furniture 7F'F \

I 1- 1,- 9% appearance, manner; allow, + accommodate; endure; forgive; contain; admit; capacity; easy

BE forgive, pardon -%A + 7 1 BIB capacity; volume; bulk 4-4

745 f i f i B$$ looks, features, appearance -f$X

develop; unfold

U an island state,

' I 423 difference, discrepancy; 3)

I 7 750

( f teacher, instructor,

master; army division 4 ,, 4 @@ army division A\L&

13 13 d@ engineer, technician 71 AF

9 Madame, Mrs. (honorific A)X form)

751

J

-% IT

% /

-% ,"!!

send

gR difference, disparity +I ZXI] discriminate, 2) %

differentiate j ~ f i confiscate. seize 3)"&


z ) ~ ] a seat; throne; base, stand; constellation

$ $ poor; scanty, limited

JL. 6 760

,G 761

,G 6 762

%v IL

;

;

2% 1

7

5%

f b

r 8i.E shame, disgrace 1 1 4- @Ti. national disgrace, ?4

national humiliation - %Ti. dishonor, disgrace f 21 dh 6 qL q c 2 ~ : 763

-&u I &

2'

;

; 2 1

5

3%

5% 1

F

1

ky I U

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;̂" * :z 16

R

5% I&'

P

t#x)q impudent, impertinent, 4 uppish; licentious; dissipation

&?& impertinent, impudent Sfi willfulness, xiad

self-indulgence

4 4 4 fearful S L

b'& fear, terror 235 EN intimidate, threaten, 2'2

blackmail E g s henpecked husband %4 7)

--- -

+nqf ashamed; shame 31


5% disrespectful, irreverent, rude

%% rapture, ecstasy; religious exaltation

glee, delight

,I #I* , J

; leg repent, regret; reject 4 %!% regret, feel sorry for qd

repent 31 7ll & remorse 31

7 68

,I / ' ] 4 3" become aware of, P apprehend, awake 'E 7 8 Btl understand; perceive; 32 be ready to

*% regret, feel remorse 31 sla

769 i

, I fist; clench, clasp 3 eB pistol @ *p a h. +i%J boxing, box

?I* ?If

iron fist, strong fist 3%

3% seize P 1 ., prisoner ofwar P1 &% arrest, apprehend 241 35 Gitjkfa arrest and tie up, 3 q

apprehend

771

seize, grasp Y - #@ catch, capture; catch, ZZ;F

understand

* ;rv kF ?< 772

'I d A 2% shake; move; flap a

- @% promote, encourage; 4% be encouraged; be aroused

#GEi% oscillate, swing; vibrate 2J% f i E T E dull, stagnant, depressed +AJ

77 3

1L ,3- 2&$+$ belike, imitate; & efficacious; endeavor

22% efficacy; results, effect zfi fffi@ efficiency, efficient 3i-3

>C >k a@ lose effect, be invalidated, 22% " 6 p $1 $A be nullified

774

75)] oF~calculate, estimate, E consider; arrange;

4 b' ~ f 3 materials 4 materials, ingredients

$+& the fee, the cost 22%

775 -$- ++ s~ free of charge Yh


4 time; hour, o'clock; season A)

@ BsEj time; an hour @a time, season, period @%I] the hour and minute;

the exact time

north wind of winter $Af?+ monthly salary ifia a the new moon

qa school; check, examine, ii! revise

the principal, X F ~

headmaster . @ @ school playground, iz ~3

campus 782 @a revise iz Zd

41 kernel; investigate 1 g& tuberculosis; tubercle 7df4

5 @?& atomic nucleus @ $ &. kernel; core

%xtq 14

783 , [ j , tree trunk; stock f % shares, stocks f"! &E stockholder ?- 3+ stock certificate

?? +TI

784

* 780

' T816

' 7 ,- $77 ,

jfi

785

9~1 root, beginning, cause t j @* root. origin, source 3& &! @ origin, fountainhead, 3%

source @@ basis, foundation; t 7 - l

based on, founded on; 786 authority

$ cinnamon, cassia A1 BE cinnamon bark $2 3- 4' g $$ laurel tree; bay tree

731 $1 9 4

@H cinnamon tree; cassia tree 41 + 787

*

*

$77

S

2

+& to plant; sow JH cultivate, raise, grow 4 ~1

%&I plant trees &$& patted plant

4 "4 +4-l

,$ ,,,,.: \fi

- a ,

~hinese juniper tree; '4 pine nut

$EF pine nuts, pine seeds u4 4 @I]@ Chinese juniper tree r 1 1 ull

chestnut tree;firm, durable; full (as when ripe); cold, chilly

%* chestnut tree +& %E?l chestnut ?Hi

&


4 4 rule; limit; frame; form; ruled spaces; category

7$

y $ character, personality 4 g s grapple, fight 4 f

hand-to-hand * , $ $ $& rules, norms. form 788 4 4

3 3 jl: +%")peach; profligacy (+I pink, rose (color of love); E>4

love aM walnut 3.5

* 8L Rjt #L peach blossom 53)

789

& draft, draw up

agriculture and

@% mulberry leaves

@ ~ f @ die in the line of duty

f i inlet; port, boat landing P 7 #j EEI riverside field


@B waft, float in the air;

?&@ romance, romantic

*.K ./ - ' ;e ,n ;6 -- 7 9% soak, immerse; flood * ' ' @A penetrate, invade, raid %J OJ

-2 --* :3 @& beflooded, inundated 24 L; ; J j @@ baptismby immersion %J a1

involve, concern,implicate;

,eq Alas! Alack!

+$& special feature,

+$@ privilege, prerogative


animals; store up

SE livestock; livestock

@ ,% be attentive to; bear in mind

@ study abroad

@ fatigued, exhausted &@ be impoverished

infectious disease

$!%& unprofitable, useless % 23 profitable, beneficial 2 $ public good

work without surcease


I!Zl fatherland

nerves; energy; genius

progression, a series 3% class, grade, rank B#& rank, grade; social class 31 S


2~ \ %+0l old gentleman, old man, A&

% "sir"

*: 42- J / 3 4 $$$* princess (daughter of a %-f

king and a royal

4 /L?C /'\ J2 concubine) 840 41 g father-in-law andson-in-law

d 4 4 7 aplow 3

%#f'FM land under cultivation 8 3x1 44- 3 4 " " b'? %* 841 .

intimidating letter

N @ pulse, pulsation CUE mountain range

blood vessel

$ 1 smell of milk

846 7'-

,

E 4 847

Z

ZP 91

5 1

r iGk S&

01% reach, extend to 31

scenic view, landscape 8 4 BFfrQ t3 fatal - agree, concur

21 '3 4 331

form, .) ( 9 strokes in original


fly, navigate the air $$ sail, navigate the sea a aircraft carrier

sort, manner, class; all kinds, all sorts

EE vast, boundless

m$ orchid; iris

zB tearoom, teahouse g~ tea and cakes, light

refreshment

devastated, desolated @ wilderness, wilds;

mfii& barren tract, wasteland +?J)

#j$j look into, examine

311% teaching, instruction;

311s instruct; direct

- .- _ L - 4 w h

9 3 859

.rL

1

+

&

.* * ?

2

, r

9 0

d-'+ < / %I

2 5 + vZ

9-

s-

7\49 record, a record, a mark; 71 remember

zzB reporter, journalist; 714 stenographer

&$i arecord, torecord 71 % &S anarticle, an account 71 4-

01-1 how, how can it possibly be 71 $dq delighted; triumphant 71

victory song; song of 71 7\ triumph; paean

2 0:4+ rise; start 71

@R originate in, spring from 71 %! &El cause 71 k, indict, bring charges 71 &

against

862 i

10 strokes

-r * offer as tribute 3 1 =

W& contribute to; render *% service to

EX rlce for government taxes

~ 1 7 balcony; high 3 ,e.'f~$.T@ukhiin, shrine of Yi A%?!

Yul-gok in Kangniing

F! 3 860

-

disgrace, defile; abuse 4- swear, curse %+! humiliation, shame $4- restore honor, "2%

clear oneself of shame

8 8 !kt% property goods 31 5 an estate, property, 4 "i

possessions

5 a 11

heart of - servilely obey, be a slave to 4%

10 strokes

accompany, escort

22

i&B escape, flee; evade 5.31 E.7

escape, desert, decamp Erik

5 53 fl

I; , -

5

jq

4

% 6 868

<&. & 6

869

4% follow, pursue; seekout; 5 look back on; press, dun

g b n add to, supplement; 9 7 ) "moreover"

Sg press hard, probe to the f 3

3 3 x)q young man,young gentleman 9 %@P bridegroom "J ?+ @[3 $ E@P% Way ofthe Huarmng l l l i

(young knights of Silla) esteemed (honorific) son-in-law 4 %'-

87 1

$1 g pay tribute (to a l q e r - 33, ---- state) .

"5 property, wealth 4 Mi& finance, fiscal matters 4 4

- --

ij)k 11

3 * & 3l-P

.'

2

3

&

*d

870 ss bewildered, confused; e

infatuated with

Y .c

s

\./L

@

'

I

++A\ nJ bewildered; fascinated; a] deluded; lost

g~ superstition, .I d superstitious belief

&@ path of error; maze ~ 1 %

4 &%oppose, disobey; '4 contrary, refractory; anticipate

%M anger "?d j!$% rebels, traitors '4 4 j!$ 5 adverse situation '44

10 strokes

T~ match, mate, pair, fit; find a match; worthy, suitab1e;suffer punishment

HfY seamstress g$f an hour hand, short hand c&%J

@T fall; drop; descend

10 strokes

4

Em within the building, within the institution

ear, turn a deaf ear to

11 strokes

even if, granting that

B- 953 splendid, admirable 4 great man; master 6J

thinker grand, wonderful, great 4 4

B41 great power, +I q mighty force

888

11 strokes

- k-

vice, subsidiary; aid

ZU@$El vice-president

?J$J@ animal, living creature ?J$J {F move members of the

11 strokes

% a song; singing gpg sing in unison %Pa famous song;

celebrated singer

@% enlighten, edify g?j? reveal, revelation

i%j% commerce, business; engage in business

11 strokes

Wfi execute, hold political carry power out

ft,* concentrate the mind

grow, raise

&@ a foundation, a base

&& base, basis: foothold

11 strokes

lady-in-waiting, female attendant

@A lady, married woman @k females. women.

11 strokes

secret-service agent

SBEJ a speciality; a major; a branch of learning

@ senior managing director 73y g , ~ , devote oneself to, put

heart and soul into


an account book @% tent; canopy; curtain

gR solidarity; joint liability 94 Rm be accompanied by,

take another with R@IJ wear a sword; have a

sword at one's side

@!& score, earn points; the score +$

&% feeling, emotion,

RB situation, state of things ZJ 41

@@ appalling, gruesome

11 strokes

184

11 strokes

relatives on one's mother's side

E% instruction, lessons @% give and receive;

11 strokes

Rpoq learn by inquiry; learn, hear, get wind of

#kg take or receive what is

#ail presume, conjecture #kW recommend, sponsor

11 strokes

1

&% education, instruction

save, rescue, a1

&:% rescue, save &x aid, help, save

@4$$ slanted line

11 strokes

& of the same race, from the same countr

morning star

paulownia tree sultan's parasol

yirmiana platanifolia)

the theatrical world;

11 strokes

*

regular; a long thing

#%# stipulation, term

&# machine, machinery

# ambition, desire W& lust, desire #;ifZ craving, want, desire

%@ shed tears, weep &@ tears of gratitude,

tears of emotion

!k'E a life, a lifetime; living

11 strokes

190

11 strokes

Eft1 confusion, chaos

- 1 ' 1 - 710 n S. deep; profound, abstruse; 4 intimate; long; extreme R TGT ggu serious, acute, grave 4 4

J # deep, profound ~d RVR breathe deeply, take ~d 3%

deep breaths

-/ -- < %Q shallow; light 8 / f 4 , @a deep and/or shallow; 4 a

relative depth @ shallow, superficial %"-F - BE shallow view, superficial 4 4

idea

11 strokes

$&all correct, revise

elegant, refined;mellifluous 4 OF

B?R quickly, in no time at all, 9 before one is aware

+g rate, ratio(as suffix)

k@ ratio, percentage @B candid, frank

11 strokes

-k

B! & reason, cause, grounds

11 strokes

@@$ glasses, spectacles @ sense of discrimination,

an appreciative eye ETiti before one's eyes

@% vote, cast a ballot Hz count votes

veneration ceremony %* director of an ancestor

veneration ceremony %ft funeral oration, funeral ode A1 Z

& % move; remove; transfer 01 5 &%E emigrate; shift people

11 strokes

AS sentence; composition,

- --

D F ~ 4 at last, finally a sa after all, in the final 3 4

analysis %% the ultimate fundamental 7 8

(Buddhism); ultimately, in the end

3\31 order, series, grade, degree, . ..th; a house;

41

an examination degree B- first, number one;primary ~1 9 $@Z% third person, 4 " p C 4

disinterested party 8% fail an examination

3) ~ ? 1 flute, whistle 4 &/$j siren; steam whistle

a kind of clarinet 71 E] h x.1

siren, horn; whistle 54

9% agree with; tally; 9 a written charm

17% mark,sign.symM +% 17% Buddhist or Taoist w.1

amulet on paper with designs in red ink

7ft% correspond to, agree with QQ

J- 4 .I s - Ik

3 6 999

' 1000 %

* 3 s P

k$

% )

*

XJ pL-

*$

8 X"

k*

\ k 1 '

*i; j kk

A).

' ,001

Ifi.

1002

X* 17 fly a

M .

k k

A$

5 1

k

' kk

Y y


ff in detail, minutely

8% six-stringed Korean harp g s

be based on, rest on the

@$ mouth and lips; lips @ 3 a labial sound

boat, vessel, ship j%R ship's crew; crewman @E ship's captain

,008

7

gq

f l

JJg

4 I

7 q

41~ <g

04 3 practice, study; customs, Q practices

@* customs, practices 54 @g practice, drill 45 %@ study9dril~ q+

=


3rd call on, visit

greedy official, grasping Qz]

$$A enormous, immense $$f extremely important g!& intimate, familiar

end with a whimper

:ol; $9 $C "long snake formation"; s&~\zJ

a long line, a queue

' 1018

i ' $ 4 (ii-

9 regulations; scale 3

#iZ regulation, rule 3 4 1 1 j scale, size; rule, pattern f P

% A$

j$z

" 4 1019

sfi

- g 4 1020

il

{fiT

Rfl

17

2)- G

71 device, artifice; trick; 9 mystery; art, method; profession, occupation r. artifice, stratagem 5 34

8$s terms; specialized $4 terminology

#& magic, magical tricks +%I

Jy - 2 V

2.1-

; L

$9) 2 1 e

+I P

g ~ .

%@ standard, norm, criterion ~3

&+%litigation; dispute; demand justice

9

as 1 - Itlgate, go to the law; a+ file suit

3 sue, file suit *A\

93 dispute 33 +

11 strokes 1 I' strokes

EB h seller, agent

SB heavy responsibility

-fa2 penetrate; transparent; ? understand; thoroughly

-3a see through; see, divine, + A )

sense penetrating, lucid, limpid; 7%

thorough, thoroughgoing B M transparent, diaphanous F 9

- -

g2 go through;communicate; intercourse; all, whole

comnunications; news % 4 pass, carry, be approved +i+

j&B commerce, commercial ~ A J -

intercourse

fast, quick

speed, velocity speed, velocity, rate a quick course; rapid

co~npletion

expel; pursue; in order, in succession, one by one

drive out, oust, evict compete, vie, contend expel, drive away, oust

01 3 connect, join $ 1 %#i keep contact with, cdq

keep in touch EE join, link, connect 34 gs publish serially 3 21

;CE!

+

L.32

1038 373 universe, creation, nature; the mysterious

A

it TJ

& ' -9..

-

21 8 build, make, create f

35 @$j@ build, construct;

%& make, manufacture 3 Ad

structure, framework

Bit: creative energy of the E*


@% sink in, fall in, collapse @% pit, trap, pitfall %@ plot to injure

at2 postal service, mail 3$% postage stamp ag mail, post, send by mail +-

$$is contours of the human

17 9 3 field, wilderness; rustic, savage; wild,

, 0 )

undomesticated

8 ambition; mad ambition OkAJ

' ' 1043

r . $)

9% close, shut, obstruct 4 bring down the curtain, 41 9

bring to an end f '1 ? 7 Y '7 , close a meeting 41 4 j b 1L-

$ lock out; close, shut 41 4

$' 97 8% vegetables, greens 0 k 4 8% baseball 0k'F

11 strokes

R%!i zenith, apex peak, summit

approximate time

famine; scarcity, dearth 71 t starvation, hunger hunger and thirst, starvation 71 72

12 strokes

&@ deer horn, antlers

, @32 circumstantial evidence MJ-5 . 1060

* AS

2% prepare; compIete; HI perfection

+M prepare ' iff 4% #j* a note, remarks 5 dl

dl 3 (for reference)

A l o 4% 4% (4 M E I furnishings, fixtures 1061 .dl %

12 strokes

cut up; divide

8 1 discount, price-reduction ~ O J

EUB allocate, apportion,

%#J win, be victorious

=F @a thelarynx q-7

,.,F Q the throat 9*

1072 9

house bereaved in mourning, family 4 7F

1073

U{Z J ,

u\$ ~1

v/E

a 29 lose by death; mourning

Sail mourning attire chief mourner

A k 4 - A2-+


@fi% medium, agency, vehicle Q)] 7 ) 1 3

arctic regions, frigid zone Q 4

investigate; a fathom

3% ordinary, commonplace, d "k

8% visit, pay a call

@& respect, esteem @ treat with respect @E majesty, dignity

@- sole, unilateral

Bm scope, extent Qa surround, encircle

@&)i dike, bank, dam a breakwater

96rZ news report; report, inform 3- a report; submit a report 2

1%

rS,

7

adhere to, stick to

u).J open space; place; threshing floor

;sr

%@ place, setting; a scene 3- 4 %% place, spot; location, site x$&

inside the hall, on the "kq premises

p

15%

1078

firm, hard, strong 3 E firm, solid, strong 8 3 %j$ steady, sound, reliable 8% E@ firmly maintain; 8 31

* 9 1079 -

;t ' j d

3r 5

~ f l

-Ja j9 1/7

2 6

J#-

p


in one big jump, sharply, 4 + steeply; full width

f $El full width of cloth;

&B powerful, strong $&a emphasize, stress $ & a great power,

31 .)q restore; return; reply; % repeat; make good

C t ~ l again, repeatedly 8

f k 4 k 4'6 @R be revived, restored sa recover, get w e ; regain /+

+s 7 %

1 @ resurrect, return tolife; +SJ

1090 11 40 4~ revive

9% comply with, follow; A TC

in order

%E rotate, revolve 9% E@R a vicious circle qsq

a cycle 4% 71 1091

%,% doubtful, confused; infatuated, captivated

graciousness

,B,& grace, favor; obligation, +d moral indebtedness

SEi! seize; grasp, hold conductor, conductress >)+?-

gg manage, take charge of i&+


publish aboad; praise

exultant, triumphant

@g convert, change, exchange a

1 daringly, boldly,

5 71 wisdom, knowledge 4 @ intelligence, intellect 31 %

1 $17 9p @t wisdom. sagacity 4 4

H 8 110s

.

1109

1-1

11

8'

2~ R

fl d"

%V El

0" W-

e~ wisdom and courage 71 4-

'3 clear sky, fair weather a R X cloudless sky, fair weather 3 4

clear or cloudy, relative 4 @ " c~oucliness

business conditions;

already; duplicate; add to, additional

E?!? latest, most recent; nearest 4 + Ei% highest; best; most

% 52 abandon a child

&$$ forest, a wood the universe, all creation, 4+&3

everything in nature &E solemn, awe-inspiring

+ 2 deceive, cheat

%% deceive, hoodwink 2?B defraud, swindle


.@v lakeside, lakeshore

& 9 - g :d - d jumble, potpourri

1126 -,f3 JT ;q %% a s O u ~ b O w l % 7~

.-q 41 01% measure; fathom; estimate 3 J / illla measure, calibrate, plumb Qzd

jd survey, measure; 4%

J estimate, guess jgl& survey land 371

1127

%a ignore, disregard %& radio, wireless $Ks safely, without incident e x )

, ,: r

j 13 14 fig conduct, behavior 58 +I )&m artificial, man-made 981 "4 A 8

, stress, give prime +I t-lf 1130 importance to

1 1" 2" "et; even; like, as iT @ a reprieve; extension, -6- 41

-6-4x

11 31

* 11 32

7

11 33

z

' 7 $4 # - 3'

3

i f r~ 3

9%

j" =+ polish, cut (as gems)

j$j@ polish; cultivate virtue, E ? - D ~ improve one's mind

jfi j$j*,% woodpecker .,l-+-E

jjg. 3 7 J s X lute, guitar, harp 1 P

53% a type of harp g g harpandlute 1C

n i?.

@ play the harp @%

I 2 strokes 12 strokes

- .'I ' 3) dl turn (as in "my turn"), F! duty, shift; change; repeat $$ %& number assignedto an 3x1 area, address

%% anumber 4% 1134 habitually; all the time 3g

picture 4 4 3 draw, mark 3% artist, painter

q 4- 7 t - stroke count, number of 4,

strokes in a Chinese E l 7 S%* character 1135 " 3 (Compare , 4 1343 .) - negligent, careless; state to a k

@ .;,- lG is- negligent, careless kg

superior; statement ; distant. separate; sparse; distribute, spread out; dredge

I&iLESij disperse; remove, evacuate 1 7 q

11 36 (Also written $$ . )

painful, sore % bitterly lament, +re

deeply regret be most pleasant, %q

extremely delightful feel keenly, realize acutely %7&

rise; mount; advance ,= x7

register, enroll %% register (as a title) -5 71 mountain-climbing %$

J!J become; put forth, send forth, issue; arise,

9 develop; depart; manifest

BE develop; prosper "24 @fi publish, circulate ~3

water receptacle for use 4 with an ink stone

a Chinese ink stone @% the well of an ink stone

1 1 39 p 49 $5 gii discover; detect, spot. "2 T! chance upon

12 strokes

%@ indistinct, dim, faint #i$i$ weak, thin

gb tax affairs

childish-minded

' writing brush; pen;pencil 3.i -

krT $3 writer, author 34- 7 tip of a writing brush; 35-

the top name on a list or roster

1 1 5 0 @% j ot down, take notes 3 71

p k' kb- YC] group; class; wait; " etc." 7i I:

Kh. FJ-% equality; of the same %%-

rank $$% classify; divide equally, -ti= e

n 6 ssz~ share evenly

l s l q. q- $$E difference in rank

12 strokes

gg written examination answers

1k.B apply make-up EB adorn, ornament

& 6 &t~ & &'

1156 4. tq ' 1 ~ ~ - & .- 4, 7.1-2 govern, rule; unite; all;

clue, end of the thread; J5

start

.- C' r 6% - unification -E .: @zt statistics, numerical data %A1 * /di; $? :/tFb J@ administer, govern. rule 1 1 5 7 .

2 2 1


@@j pass away, die

silk cord; spin silk

toy with, victimize, make +*

+@j painted candles; wedding ceremony

2 empty sky, air

vanity, vainglory

@$&om street lights


71 + fill, fill in, fill a vacancy;

1174

- % &+g accuse; complain; tell, & \ v . inform, state

2' $f pz sue, take legal proceedings &+ G V &:% petition kid

3% file charges I f

3% criticism, review and comment on

Z$@. appraise, rate, assess Wylj reputation, repute

image, representation;

l~ " 5 1181

g 61=7 / \

w g 8.

1

p. /q-

*I- LL 3 store up; hoard 4 EB store, stock 4 -l;k E% savemoney 4% Efi store water; reservoir water ~4 -lf

12 strokes

4 S two (legal form) 01 twenty 61

a& twenty thousand 01 p&

valued, esteemed, honorable, 4 ,‘ your"; costly, high-class

precious, valuable 4% aristocracy, nobility; 4%

your esteemed family lineage (honorific)

noble and mean, high and low 4 8

A& buy, purchase; suborn 4 i? h purchase, buy 4 "4 W @ bribe, buy someone 4 L;

inclination to buy ~171

tl] Q expenditure; expend; waste; extensive

(fig consume; expend

/

6s 6 f ?$% trade, barter 8 iy

% trade, international ?%' commerce

a trade port yo?%& W 8 @I& trading company ?qdI 4

I

12 strokes

5%

exceed; excessive

distance, range; gap,

4% A% BJ 9 lend; borrow 4 %e debt and credit; let and hire 4 2k %%! loan, lend 4 4 %.f;f lend, loan 4+


1-1 downtown area

t 3-

3

m@ have spare time, is;t 7 ) have leisure

m& be retired, sequestered *;FA: mfi inactive; leisurely, quiet

]I fl 1 03 open; explain; begin 71 rffr% bring under cultivation; 7t] 34

develop, colonize, pioneer

RJlE open a ineeting 7 t ] 4 mhfi start, inaugurate,begin * 7t] A]

58 eminent, surpassing; 5 prosperous; exalt

7% 5 1% ,ros,,erc,us, thriving T 0 A-1 o I I ? bulge, rise up 8 71 . 9 p highly esteem, $5 1201 deeplv respect

'3 p' 7b7 *i 5 stairs. steps; rank, grade A1

P#$$$ rank; class a\ 5 bk~ 5)L. (b L,f$@ stairs. steps; stage, phrw 41 GJ f ! 1 Ejj$j stairs; class; rank dl 5

$ 9 V'L qL7tk 2 4 p;1 717 1

f=% male (of birds, etc.); -$ virile, strong; brave; martial

magnificent, grand % "k 4 & majestic, magnificent 2- 4

1205 $1: j oratory; eloquence +%

f ' 5% metropolis; all; main 3-

& capital city E-$ ifi city; towns and cities E-4

#L,L,i& heart of the city, _I tx AJ d.1


throng, gather in swarms 2

% items, details, matters Q an item; a heading

#% article, clause

accommodate to, adapt to f+ I G ~ G ~ smoothly, without friction 5~ l i ~ @ obey, comply with

1 7 black; evil 4

,% I 0 ,... 1214

F . gq black letters; boldface; 84

in the black (not in the red)

h ablack.aNegro q g , , , , ,%& blackboard %3&

13 Strokes

2 4 431 ~ 1 % disorderly; reckless; rebellion; confusion

G

8 rebellion, revolt MJ + $1 violent; reckless q8

wild dancing; run wild; 97 rn rampage

I & { F 31 +% pressure. urge 4

34 2% 1

$I;? hypnotism 4 4% 34 3

A


JJ 3 transmit, hand down; preach, propagate

3% debt, indebtedness,

2- = grieve, distress; injure, { (57 -- Ad-

wound

{G 45 1 ti wound, cut. bruise A& 31 be injured, be wounded qAk

A 11 / $ @ serious injury 5-9 1221 3 XJ 1%

71 $ incline, lean; tip over, 3 collapse

/\ #fi (*fi " O tendency; inclination # Z&

@j$J slope, slant ;d "k '

give ear to, pay attention # 8 1222

fluence, authority 441

!%pE sobbing, choking

11 1"11"1 garden, orchard; park -5! @@ gardening; horticulture 9 41 fi@ public park, public gardens +Q! @@@ botanical garden +$

1227

l o 1228

11 17 ]

fl 1

)vq ]q

5' round, circular; basic unit +! of Korean money

%s satisfaction.contentrnent; ~ P J

perfection; harmony m% a circle, round shape %% 1[0@ cylinder. cylindrical 3% -


lump, piece, clod 7 nugget; ingot of gold a rock, stone lump coal

'r gd& block; stopup, clog; All (4) cork; stopper, plug

I$ ae fortress, stronghold 34 block a harbor, blockade 3) $4

Bg indigent, poor 2 $4

%71 tree trunk; trunk of a body #% managing staff, 7s-

executive management 7J A;!

#g administrative affairs; administrator, executive secretary

% f$ verandah, porch; corridor 74. servants' quarters, esp. *J 9

on both sides of an entry gate; lines of shops along a street

corridor, hallway L&%\ fa art gallery Z{ %L

I r ,,@ 2J 4 pure, uncorrupted; @

modest; investigate; reasonable in price @ f i !EL# inexpensive, cheap 4 g

, %&i. sense of shame; % 4 sense of honor l o @ f i BE secretly observe, spy on 9% 1234

2 34

qQ small, fine; microscopic; PI subtle; lowly, humble

01 & ~1 s ~12

1.11 concern, anxiety; melancholy; + grieving, sad; depressing, gloomy

grief, sadness;melancholy f "d ,% €5 melancholy air, +All

. I 5 2 g compassion; love 4

- 8k.bbenevolence; mercy &

4 dl Ad , \ 4' s charity, benevolence 44 %@ affection, kindness, love x\ol

d l 9 !, (14 strokes in original 1236 ( L JL 1 C form, .)

I (L 9 I$)< I ~ K I+$.I worriediook 1238 J L I L %% sorrow

\

,L 1237

-

6-1 3 surpass, excel, more; ++ heal

& & & - 1

.L. 9 & &- &. 1239 r L IC, 1c

a - ,, purpose, will; meaning; idea

f

dW

+a lb

% meaning, significance 4 ~1 , opinion, view 51 8 , intention; idea 51 -1AF

%

$0

JU IL

$n

$EI I

$ U l c

~8 .,' think; expect AJ f imagine; suppose ",FA&

impressions, feelings, thoughts

E I recal1,remember ",F 71

13 strokes

I M lj 11' lq 3 shake, agitate, toss; wave, sway; scull, row

49 B% shake, quake;be perturbed, 68 restless

% cradle: birthdace

j& I gfh roll and rock;

shake, quake

13 strokes

& loss; disadvantage, drawback; injure, destroy, spoil; injury, disability, impairment

A

' i -- I I-

1% damage, loss @% loss, suffer loss * "2 ' l o $g $8 %$ 1.. sufferdamage, incurinjury ++!- 1247

01 3 lead; carry; take along -fF BR carry along, take along 4

jj? Jfi g~ act in harmony. .I1 % move in concert


%,# darkness, blackness @/T; hint, suggestion;

fti;fg darkroom; a dark room

@% talks, conference

f&% occupation, job 3$ $5 businessman %@j business operations,

business matters

8fl time, time and tide formal bow on

New Year's Day qg age (honorific)

funds, source of revenue; 4 % economic resources

:@% source, fountainhead @@, source, origin


EE sleep, slumber

gm stimulate, encourage

@j$z+ thermometer

I=- J

A 9 1269

1-

B3

13e 1 '

J \ \ \ H a 9 a

1270 1 '

JG

i%

Ize I \ >

da

ja2 > ' >

13.

@e ' ~ s e 1 3 ' '

bright, splendid 4 /??% 21st king of Kory6

(1181-1237) 4%

jl;;,Eptj name of Little South Gate %kq-T in Seoul

t] n

d2

03 , I * \

1 3 reflect; look after; 3 a permit; according to, referring to

,R%! illuminate, light up 3?j k % 7 make inquiries about ,E@ to E Sl aim, to sight 35

13 strokes

*J .(? stone tablet; gravestone "1 R& large stone tablet, ~1 "4

stone, monument @* inscr~pt~on on a stone 01 z

tablet; epigraph #H tablet house, structure dl 7?-

protecting a stone tablet

young, tender 31

i $ infantile, childish R 4 i$""kindergarten 3

3 classic books; Buddhist sutras; pass through;

a manage

gg economy, economics 3 41 @!f expenses; expenditures 3 '1 @$& experience 3 %

13 strokes

#@ crowd; masses, the public $$ # archipelago

13 strokes

% f 2 solemn; reverential; 9 respectful; majestic; awesome

- - ~~

solemn, grave, serious 9 f purge; liquidate ?#

a enforce, regulate % ad

13 strokes

9% invite wirhprerentr, ?I invite with rewards; engage someone

Wii: engage. employ. invite with L Q due rewards

$pJ ten thousand

&- if; unexpected

3% author, writer 3 compose, write

1300

q & -& -& %a wife's mother "J 9

1289 4 4~ @* wife's father "J "J

4 3'

F r

F

13 strokes

fj#.@ interpret, explicate

trained, disciplined

trial, test, ordeal

13 strokes

1 1-i-

g% the concerned, the interested

topic of co~lversation,

, / -3; x\$iL2boast, brag; praise i+ < " exaggerate, overstate 4 4

-7 2;K ,$jy stretch the truth, 43

- 6

1 3 1 1

fl E.? thief; to plunder 4 - 'I$@ thief, robber; theft E A?

g- d- g q a@ pirate 34 35 m@ brigand, bandit "J "4

'Q

<& V

-3,k X73

P

2%. exaggerate

35 display; show off 4-4


@R road money, traveling

@ $$ route, course, line

+ ~ t agriculture; farm; farmer

KWi reception, treatment;

B 6 execute, perform

B play, play at a game %fa sightsee, tour


violate break

#JB "native songs", 25 extant Korean folk

@ male and female;

r* 9 zero; fragments; fractional; 3 rainfall, dewfall

4 %L fortune

%@I paltry, petty 9 41 5 zero; nothing; freezing 9 4

1333 point

47Y lightning; electricity T! E p 5 , jqj 5 1334

J E p

fi 5 1335

/ - 4; /dr 3 praise, hymn, commend; ode +?

4 71 hymn $+7)

@@ eulogize, praise for A cq 6 1

1336 virtue

SF

I?

/;+ I:* ,

IW 1

,,@ I-+

I>% \

) > * I * ,

gs electricity 72 71 zfi electric current 4%

/:* %

1 9

@B electric light 4%-

+q thunder 4 sH chime in with, 4%

blindly echo another rain and thunder, '=i+

a thunderstorm s&f the crack of thunder 4 4


@ drink liquor

&!% side dishes, dishes served with rice

8% drum and flute 3 drummer

'ki'f@ portrait, likeness an]@ bronzestatue

@$$ monk dance, a dance in Buddhist attlre

plan; seek to, strive for m g chart, graph, diagram

a design, a sketch

@ unite, stand together

Ei& burial ground, graveyard 3x1


encourage, stimulate

%% plunder, loot, rob ga seize, capture

an initial address: peaceful, well, in good health

healthy and peaceful

hard; real, true, sincere

14 strokes

acts or scenes

attitude; mien, behavior EYE ,f@B situation, state of affairs E{ 41 #ftg condition, situation

k #i ashamed, mortified

,IA ,l.P 4s sorrowful, pitiful 3

tragedy, disaster %LA\ suffer defeat, be

miserably beaten '

@@ miserable, wretched, %I 1364 piteous

$4 3 saddened, regretful; 7H

public-spirited; noble-~ninded, generous

&1E?e deep emotion 7& 7tl

E@$ lament, regret 7tl EL 1 ' indignation, resentment $74 1365

14 strokes

%R point out, indicate

3FiJe pleasant; joyful; luxuriant, flourishing

balmy, sunny; contented 3ii&

envision, visualize


% ambiguous, vague vast, boundless

with an ink stone

- % lacquer 3 - %% lacquerware 3 71 .'& %I painter, Iacquerer a+

4 J 4 / 4 . @& blackboard 3 s+

* 1 1 1376

@ * 1 1 1377

--A /

j -* - ,- J

- -g- ye

:A /a]

-.* 4 , -* -*- /

,

:& /;I- .- &

-* - e J"

;

eqi?-) Han Dynasty of China @ @% classical Chinese,

classical Korean @% Chinesemedicine, herb 3kq

medicine @ Chinerepoetry @ *I


*I seed, sow, plant; kind, sort

Q

kind, variety %% a human race; the human 9%

species @f a seed; strain, breed 34

die in prison

$$$a endeavor, render services xJ

director, superintendent; a+

3 7s green, blue; jade

FB /fi $3

sultan's parasol (firmiana 4 9-3 platanifolia)

9 $3 declare, designate, call; 8 price; weigh, estimate; suitable; raise

praise, speak highly of 2. .;F , 4 , , @q title, name, designation 3. p * $17 $14 $&3. praise, compliment 1392 4%

, , 1388

extreme, end; extremely; %? beginning; upright,correct

the farthest limit. the ? ~ i extremity, the extreme

correctly; neatly e 4 e> 9

@ - F)- A* ++% calculate, reckon; consider 1 as; plan, scheme

$? 3 s. calculate, compute 48 6 j -g calculate; calculation for a1 4

services (as in a restaurant) % 7%' arithmetic 1394 - - 7 - 7 ) - 4-f

rz )r)r ?c,h

kA % tube, flute; govern Z i

, Ik @+ under the jurisdictionof, d%\ under the control of '7 @a adrninister,manage, 4 4 supervise

1395 , *B superintend, manage f i??

;i $17 calamity 4)

$fig vicissitudes, fortune and @+ misfortune

X$fi calamity, disaster 4 4- f i source of evil, root of 3%

1389 misfortune

!\

5& f i

j& a blue stream q 4

@j& the blue sea, azure ocean q-jH

14 strokes

&a green of trees in early summer

&-X;B textiles ; fiber, strands

4 4 4: ' + cotton. the cotton plant 9 3' I \ f$E cotton 4 s\

, 4 , ## cotton thread 44- , ,\I I\\ # detailed, minute; 49

5% 8 dl& .Lj& &,& meticulous, careful

1400 I>>\V 1% 13 9 9 7 , 3 important; urgent; prompt; 3

tight, taught, strained X,% urgent, pressing; an 7J3

emergency g E tension, tenseness 7J JJ

$ ,$ @ close (as a relationship); 7J9 * 8 1-5 r4 1401 strict, stringent

I

14 strokes

information, experiences, 3% that seen and heard

a& rot, putrefication; corruption (as political)

@ rust, corrode; erode @,G vexed, worried; take pains, + ~ d

rack the brain

$?f@ dance, dancing dance, dancing


8% steam; vapor

stockpile, store up save (money)

and buckwheat flour tangerine,~na~ldarin

&% clothes, clothing $['j$ red-colored skirt

$gdP,a recognize; acknowledge 9x3

B&\

3 7 1418

1 v' %,% temptation, allurement +-%

induce, entice; allure, - Q ^ Q v +- OJ

seduce s 7 R ++ $+ $*

33 B3 abduct, kidnap + t i 4 1419

-+

+- V

2

1

+* ' 2 4 - 1

2 + +3 " 2%.

71 % to record; annals, official 74 gazette z@ page of a magazine, 31 9 pages in a periodical

monthly magazine, 9 7~ XI a monthly

diary, journal 9 4

4 entice, induce, mislead -8-


%?% recite from memory &=& recitation

sonorous recitation

@@ hero, gallant man, extraordinary man

splendid, elegant

3 ! - form; face; manner, E appearance

%!% features, looks; shape, 3!-+ appearance

@ outward appearance; q 3 exterior aspects

@@ facial features, looks %p - ,

1426 4 1 ++ visitor, guest !I

a honored guest, important 4 9 $357 visitor 3EZ;B guest. visitor 4 BJ

honored guest 74

1427 / '

/ \

3% stroll, walk leisurely j&-% far, distant, remote

% X send; chase away 1-

4 >a & dispatch, send 31 8 $ % RIB detachment. contingent $4 4

1430

3- 4 2 far, distant, remote; 3 far-reaching; keep away from

long distance. long range % 4 Z,

$- 10 'A -5 IZ; A far-reaching 44

1431 3 s .@ g# deep sea, ocean % ",t

@j

-

$1 / I L


oxidize, oxygenate

shoot to death; execute +A&

$&lb bear in mind, inscribe on %

@% copper mine

i%% unmarried young woman if-+ pdE boudoir; woman's living THJ-

BE international, international relationship

2% associate with

k@$jj chief executive, president (of a nation)

9 territory (of a nation) $RJ/k 3 receipt, voucher


overeat

MlhE touch-me-not, a balsam +RJS\

phoenix (mythical bird) +§J

$k?% resonant, resonates; echo, chime in with

$98 $& an alarm clock

g.51 the nostrils

- uniformly, equally; wholly; all at one time

ceremony; usage; rule @$& ceremony, ritual, rite Ef& courtesy, etiquette;

@% thrift, frugality &I@ diligence and frugality,

1" " a hundred million

4-h (3 F " &&j$s a very masses, rich the man, people a @-

1454

q QJZJX]

hundred-millionaire {+

#$kg& the teeming millions, the q~+J^j

15 strokes

,%& carbon paper; copying

!$fin increase, augment Wk enlarge, increase %E increase production

7 t;! grave, mound; heap up; soil

%g grave, tomb 33 @& earth over a tomb ,$K if@ old tomb, ancient mound 33

, I(?- ,,* 41 3' trace, write, sketch; 4 dispel, drain

'I?? %a photograph AM . 1+ manuscript. handwritten A)-!&

+ 12 I$ lz J<&' work 1463 7 ,-;J ,<q f&% portray, describe, depict 9 x 1

15 strokes

4 level, story, layer; degree; item, clause

9

PR stairs, steps 4 81 &El upper floors 3+

all layers, all stories i i bb

1461

ztr walk, walk on; shoe; actions; conduct IE 6 execute, put into practice 01 88

BE personal history, 01 4 curriculum vitae

1465

5 money; silk; gifts; wealth 4 &% paper money; a bank ~ 1 3 4 1

note coinage, coin 3 3 4 1

rh 12 \$< %iJk $# E% money, currency 4 341

1466 \ 17

- 33 investigate, examine; inquiry; judge

4

udge, screen "d 4 %$lJ judge; referee "2 s&

+- 12 I& s' interrogate, question "A 5 1462

1-

* !

I--

1 -

13 " 'g 1.9

'AX ,+- @

2- ,.*

@.1+ broad. spacious; generous; $ magnanimous

% A magnanimous, broad- 4 4 minded

P@ generously pardon. 4% show leniency


I @ kind concern; help, aid %@ grace of character,

3

-

1477

= 3- XI 4 wisdom; cleverness; wit 4 @% wisdom, sagacity 21 a1

J 4 BE acomet al I %,@ wisdom 4 4

3 3 3 . 1478 ,L /& I-L'

announce, advertise,

the government, the court (prior to 1910)

ancestral shrine of the royal family of the

j 7'' 7" Q q bullet; bounce, spring; pluck a stringed instrument " -7" 38 j' gin ammunition EJ yb

%?A bullet; shell; projectile suppress, coerce

1471 3 "2

3 12 1472

I

fl

9 T3

$1 ;C7\

@

$5 IT-

J;!

3 5 IY\)

~ % ~ t s h a d o w ; image; 9 reflection

%% influence, effect 9 a2 f&& to photograph 3 "2 ag a vision; a phantom %.9


compassion, mercy

as royal refuge sow, plant seeds

enemy; to oppose

&% enemy forces enemy positions

&& enemy soldiers

mathematics %@ fortune, luck

$?@ consider, mull over g@ concern, apprehension ,E,@ think, consider

depressed, gloomy slg, anxiety; distress B@ anxiety, concern

,I*" .li+ 14 3 hate, detest 8 detest, abhor 59 ,I.* .I.& I['? "@ contemptible. despicable 4-5

,L, 12 4 8 3

11 1 ;'i have compassion for, 3 pity; sympathize

@$ pathetic, pitiful 7Fd ' @ $ piteous, touching 4 d

1484

.& '1 I * & , . & 1 lo


@@ short time, short while,

k@€ generally, in general @€@ outline, summary

#4& shape, form; pattern,

@% dive; submerge .@G. potential; latent @ conceal oneself;

dormant, latent

county in South Chiilla

15 strokes

-.< :% nq %%clean, pure J J

d Mi% purity; innocence 4%

:%? ' %B clean; a cleylup, a purge 2d 3 &? EI pure, innocent 4 "4

i- 04% ripe; cooked; prepared, 3' manufactured; experienced, %

accustomed to; intimate

skillful, dexterous ??i $9 % consider, deliberate + i ~

'l sk~ % % 243 proficient, skillful 1505 t - B * 1 I" ?3

"J% the tide 3

J \ \ \

* the tides, tide water f+ @,!SBiif tidal current; current E+ ,E,;isa drift of public opinion;

trend of thinking

3

1507

fl $1 An ~3 MJ tray, plate, dish 9

10 43s 43 BE 1508 32

280

'7;1

15 strokes

$

-@L

$24 grain, cereals %%J cereals, grains & & granary; district rich

Rfi riceplant fever rice culture, farming rice E T

h 1 , 39 poor; exhausted

1 3

%E?2 study the laws of nature; 3 ZI ponder

%R. final, ultimate %? 3?;(;4 poor,destitute ;5 "4

1513

4 D\L] bamboo joint; section, 3 chapter, verse; token; time, season; festival; moderation, restraint

$3 r/n: procedure 32 31 lj)r Eh- kh B$(J conserve, cut downon ~d o,t

1514 $ $7 $p &$I] moderation. restraint xi]

a

$4.

$

& 1

~i 8 hot; heat; fever 3 %?!l fervent, fiery "? %

enthusiasm, earnestness O?~J %e enthusiasm. zeal 03 "1

$$ -

w

%, €1 royal domain; capita1 area

71

g B s Ky6nggi Province 7d 71 E


slow, tardy, leisurely, easily, gradually; delay; neglect; retard

mitigate, ease slow and fast; tempo dull, listless

'Jll@ train, drill; practice polishe, refine

@@ practice, drill

J, 4 0 4 affinity, connection; destiny; +j .*. cause, reason; hem, border Eli% affinity; origin; karma, fate 'J 9

predestined tie; g-2 relationship; marriage

93. relationship, tie-in

8 4\' thread, line, wire,ribbon; +!

-

, "1 3 parallels of latitude; .* >.. transverse lines; woof of

a web; fringe, tassels dj? jl* 41% $*g latitude

,>' . .' ,,- $$$$ longitude and latitude;

4% 4* 43" warp and woof; details ,:-% ,t-G ,.:% $&& a parallel of latitude

Q 4.31 24% weave; arrange; compile . C' edit; compile

3 # organize, form 4f' 4t -&g arrange music

.-*

1 1 1 \ stop, finish 4

clue; fuse; length

Ez go out of business; 3) "d go on strike

%% dismiss, discharge, fire ~ \ 4 @%$ conclude; close (as a 3) 75~

market, examination)

skin; flesh 51 +-

$8 4.7 kb 46 straight line WJ

3. 9% lotus; waterlily

$&@ lotus root @ * e - $$ l ~ t ~ s b l o s s o m g% lotus pond

1526 n 9 1520

*

a$ ,*-7 \\'7 4.4 ,.. ?$..

@ curved line + %& electric wire, telephone cord zJJJ


/ 2

f- j& 4 t collide, rush against; insult; thoroughfare

4

E% collision; quarreling 4' fF incite, stir up 93 %+

@g shock, trauma; strike 5 4 against

2 +? who; anyone \ 5 4

8% so and so, certain persons $-9 who; what person; +s}

a challenge (who is there?)

2 a lesson; a section, r

7 a department, an office 4

217 -3%' 3-E) 8% taxes, duties 4 41 $- 8% subject, theme;aproblem, i+-*1]

.- z 8 a question 1530 section chief dZk

9% chat, converse 9 8 have an interview with 4 kL 8 converse with, talk to kL%i s+lJ negotiate, bargain kls&

: 3% harmonize; investigate Z 1 v

EX\ 25 24 33)

153.2

284

"$@ propose marriage

certificate of merit EB enjoy, appreciate

award, prize

Ff Aa wise, sagacious wise mother

15 strokes

!%& treat with contempt @A man of humble origins 3 shallow, superficial

pn '5

% buy and sell; deal, trade 04 ~ f l 1 + EX- sell at auction

* .. ;d 4 gJ& shop, retail outlet 4 4

W 8 1541

' M \ % ~ nature,disposition; "?.

substance, matter

W qq ria question, interrogate xl 0 z -1

cqualitative X I z 2-1 -1

- ha a hostage "J 9

1542

D] pleasure, delight; taste; ?I bias, tendency; meaning,

4 gist, substance; +I 4

7 % objective, purpose $54: & a~q taste, interest 4 Z&

, l - 0 stc tread, walk 54 FB$: survey, explore the "d-A\

prospects $1 85% follow, follow in the steps of 3%

Z 8 \771( f l y ] < vrk ,@$ marking time in place c.d-2

1544 .$\q

15 strokes

V &% trample; tramp 8 $ ' ? $ s@ execute, put into practice 43d

appear in succession %g senior, one who preceded +!BY

another (as in university) f&?& junior, one who followed

another (as in university)

@ brilliance,splendor @@&m resplendent, brilliant W@$%

15 strokes

R~ vicinity, neighborhood I%& adjacent, contiguous QI% good neighbors,

friendly relationship

& i@ culture, refinement bring up, foster, train

1: 3 4 hair; the human head %

f2% haircut 01 % hair 4 "2

f&g dishevelled hair "2 ,==

I555 -7-9-

1 teeth; age; seniority 21

& toothpaste 2)

-& 9 & caries. tooth decay %3]

f 2 tooth 21 "t

16 strokes

1 16 Strokes

AJ dl scholar, Confucian scholar, -$ Confucianist; learned

f6 & Confucianism +a f%iF@ Confucianism + %L R+ Confucian scholar; %-

student of Confucianism

~4 3 sigh; titter E 3 9 burp, belch -

Z L ~ vessel, dish; implement; 71 organ

& % tableware "4 71 utensil. implement; 71 'F .... - .

fixture 1 a large vesoel; a great talent 4 71

p $ $ ' 4 wall; cliff; partition 4 - %ti8 wall closet, cupboard q+?

gC FP Bd mural, fresco 4 4 @@. wall paper 4 4

- J .,I wall, fence 4 f~ g wall, fence; barrier 7 % 4


student, pupil &#j learning, scholarship

3 I@ guide, lead jt@ precede, guide gg instruction, direction

'&,g constitution; constitutional law

gz@ recall, remember reminisce, recollect

*\+ war, battle; tremble

BE choose, select j*g select; selection of a

#%G careful, cautious

EfT operate, manage, handle ~4

@% be in charge of @R security, collateral @+3 take charge of


fl&g morning star; a rarity B&@ morning bells

the lunar calendar

machine; airplane; opportunity; secret

luster, shine a favor, benevolence

jL$j@ coarse fermented rice wine, makkiilli

radical / 4 I @ encourage, cheer on 4 4

7k 13 :gO 1584 ,

d

7k 1 3 :\@

, 1585 "I?

:$y 'V j ,

. /

-. ,s "),?

:& ,A -'I#

'

: ,g JK

&# severe, intense 4 Ad

3% dense; deep; dark; thick, 4 strong

@ thick, dense %+ BE density; compactness %-z &s dense fog %?


q#$ combustible

a cheap distilled liquor @ja be destroyed by fire

solo, recital

reserve fund,

load; carry

24% E built-up ground, an elevation

@R revival; resurgence


1608

S $ $ f l

qz], trust, rely on; repudiate; shameless @ '$fl $fl $8 @(ii rely on. dependon; entrust

H trust, put faith in ' $$ $$ ,$fi %@L hmdlum. rowdy 1609

vegetables, greens

$i&& concealment cover, covering

study diligently

4 ~J-913 guard, protect; 4 military station, military escort

%E a satellite +l 4 ' l o 1601

w. 9 1602

1603

@d

f

3 "

* 2

<+ 7

@5 3

3 1 7 ' $y

19

'

87 3 'I

Pfl

3% < 71

$3

@$Fjy sanitation, hygiene *& a guard; a janitor

81 "k! +?-I

0] tt] 01 parents; intimate, close; 3 related

%g friend $57 %!I@ kind, helpful 4% Ri%! parents 0,t 25

Pf all, every 41 %& archipelago 4 5

many countries. various countries

41 ?'-

8& all, all kinds 331 " i


vindicate, exculpate

g@ election, elect + member of an athletic

1614

a 7 bequeath, handdown; ?Hi!. -fi

forget, neglect; loose B relics, remains %%

heredity; inheritance + 4 posthumous writings,

\+ .+ . i? 4 jj- 12 work left by a dead

1 fl % 5 author

~2% to record, a record

$8 9 8 1621) $1 9d 9 beautiful Korea

j'h 3 6 $3 rugged, dangerous; I %' narrow pass li.f- @,% rough, rugged; serious, % 04 grave

' k?% slander, calumny % %L P&@ difficulty, danger ++

5' )+

4 4'~ ,be

"1 GJ- thin silk brocade 2 e

4 brocades andembroidery; Sq rich scenary

$I$& silkbrocade clothing 3 0 D -1 $#@jIILI land of embroidered sf

rivers and mountains;

16 strokes

B% repeated; incessant

LLL e z remainder, balance,excess; 4 over, plus; the last

f&@ extra space, extra time, 4 -$- extra capability

f&$i spare time, leisure 6 7 $2 , irrelevant thoughts,

4 7t 1626 wandering mind

oil+

f 3 hungry, starved ol a,@ hungry ghost. starving OH

spirit; person of voracious appetite

@ die of starvation O t A t

4 1% 4 hunger, starvation 1627 7 1 ° \

17 strokes

Fk%kd silently, mutely; tacitly yq %tE tacitly approve; tolerate, T 'J

% E the dragon king (god of -$-%

%'& dragon palace; palace of +-T

%m the royal countenance

17 Strokes I


%@ defeat, smash repulse, repel

%@ shoot down an aircraft

celebrate a rite; carry out, observe

J behavior, conduct @ .3.P raise one's hand

f& f f legendary founder and first king of Korea

+@fiz era with years numbered 9 7 1

from the time Tangun founded Korea in 2333 B.C.

humidity,dampness,

4 humidity level

1 5 :fi $4 overflow; excess % ' ' misuse, misappropriation 9% ~ E E overflow, flooding; "A igL

presumption jE32 overissue, excessive k! t!! * 14 .'I$? --#?

1643 ,, 10 ,'\m j a distribution

/ -4 4 4% wash q J */ d 5 wash, launder @ d -111 v ip &jgB a laundry

41 "?- 41 Qc"-

laundry, clothes to be 4) 5% washed


candlestick, candle holder 4

% engage in business, operate a business

capture, seize

@,e,rBy brief instant, in the

d \ ~ x $ + straighten, bend straight, ii! rectify; raise the head;

@jf remedy, set right @$%fi penitentiary

Zen, the way of Zen


overall; summarize

%E flourish; prosper R g prosper, thrive

multiply, increase

$$ the left wing; left flank ;&g the right wing; right flank 804

%?% league, federation allied, combined

%$@[ connected with, related to 93J

$@!g intelligent, wise; have a retentive memory

$@!% intelligence, perspicacity 67

vocal music fame, renown sound of gunfire

RGS infirm, weak &@ peppermint, mint

meager salary, low wages q$

O@i recommend a person #g recommend, sponsor

song; slng; rumor

refuse, decline

17 strokes 17 strokes -

iJ( f* hidden. mysterious, secret: +? conceal; small; painful

RR dim, vague, faint QO L L

renounce the world. iT o = retire from society

l g retire, withdraw from 45q active life

y ,$ 5: '1% though, although, however

rare; fish; Korea

a? la? , Korea, Land of Morning 35~3 '7 - Calm. name of the Yi I - J I"' 1%' Dynasty

!k,% fresh fish $ 1680 I reshness "JxJ


18 Strokes

3 % inspect, examine

@A enlarge, expand @x expand, amplify %E expand, extend

return to one's country; ?I

@f@ revert to former condition qq

s @$

f i 1 4 1686

c'

&

&5

f 2% stone used as a base of s a pillnr

;j, &@ stone used asabase of 7%-

a pillar, foundation stone 6 cornerstone, foundation 2 d 1

stone &@$ foundation 71 3

% simple, short, easy fE! convenient, easy

simplicity, simplify

9 $1

oJ4 provisions, grain. food. rations

9

$ 3 R I provisions, foodsupplies , °&4 - (7 @& grains, cereals O& 7

sB military rations $3 1690

;*/

9

$7

,

d?' ..-

\\* ' ,& &I

-

4 .. ..-

4 5 degree of nobility 4 2 prillce; duke ??* TB viscount 4 ",F @a pcvr.igr. title and rank +?I

of nobility

4 ' ,.' & ..

3 weave 4 && spin and weave "&"? PP weaving 43 @ woven goods, textiles 4 3


9% historical relics; place of historical interest

&@ historic remains, ruins

$.@& fall low, sink in the world JJS+

4$B transfer to another office 43

medicine; physician

k f $ x J b J 9 press down; guard; ward

off evil influences; brigade; market town

suppress, repress, quell X J 4 J

pb J . #B quiet. allay. pacify 4 36

1702 3 $& alleviate pain J x

4.3-

~ 4 % lock, fetters, chains 9 $~~ close a country to 4 %

foreigners

, Pf& a chain; a series; 94

connection 4? lo 4 $3 $& . m a c h a i n store 1703

944 3!

4 -$ office, post, position; govern, 4 manage, direct, oversee

$ !@r staff, personnel q@ ' ,

1692

@ - 12

q+ A

7.- Jk

1693 13 c-9

ES store, storage $&t collect books, build

li ?&

& 9 1 2 1696

E i - '

2 - '

q i

1 ;%@ prudence, discretion -t xi ++- 2% ;%B sober; stern 5% G'- p%@ respectful congratulations - t~ )

d V

9 %@ 2

@I worker, factory worker 3% !@% job, occupation, place of 4 $

work

4 old, ancient, not new 7 Rg friend, companion 47 B& old style, old methods 74 @ restore 4-7

9

9 9 %% +

'9 %'

& 4

9 1 insects; bugs; vermin -3 & tooth decay, caries 521

*a harmful insects; vermin; 4% blight

parasite, parasitic insect 71 ~3 %

7 careful, cautious;respectful 2


subject, theme, title i%fj@ problem, question;

@& sum, amount @@ par value, face value #!#,a total amount

& clestrov, demolish

' xd 41 3 punishment, warning "d

discipline, reprimand /$1 )N/ jg- 4 41 A S 4% be in prison, serve time 4

,G I5 1 7 1 2

1 . ' ] +++ clasp to the bosom 4 + inside one's heart; in 31 T

one's pocket @@ doubt, be skeptical about 4

' .@B innermost thoughts 31 2€

1 7 1 3

4 . '@$@ artillery shell, explosive +$

shell @H$ bombing attack, to bomb % A @&@ explode 4 "1

A

jqt I

j& rb IC

~9 discipline, punish ,L.~m 8 "?

19 strokes

veterinarian

&@ harvest, reap

dramatical or musical

1 7 1 9 % 3 entertainment

* $ I 5 1 7 2 0

J P

& - medicine, drugs "$

#& medicine, drugs "4% @ pharmacy, drugstore %t M&

$$@$$ herbal remedies, *J q Chinese medicine

<

& 331

@

j i i

19 strokes

20 Strokes

'Lg riverside, river bank

EB glasses, spectacles $63 dressing table

BXlj part, separate; bid

:' 5' $ +g encourage; exhort; 3 persuade

'2 % @g counsel, advice $3 Y" 7' solicit. induce ??I+? @ encourage; promote ??Ix?!

1 7 3 7

319

fE 11 1731

, ,, 1 7 3 2

-li-

j$ *>

, 4

g

4%

1

$

$j

$[t 1

.

4

q ?+

61 4 -1Q trouble, difficulty 9 @% fault, weakness; Q%

difficult point .. a a c e ; a d o *+ difficult to deal with, Q4

sensitive

34 fog, mist, vapor 8 *%%sprayer, vaporizer, %? 71

atomizer @% dense fog %+ %% d i ~ i p a t e . disperse ?4

20 strokes 20 stroke

69 17

1738

$9 f 17 1739

B * 17 1740

f Y? '/ \ /u\

JG 16 1741

jiLB

16 1742

A 16 1743

320

$ stern, strict, majestic, dignified; private;

"d

severely, extremely

% solemn, grave &igf majesty, stately $5

severe winter 9%

P family register, census

revive, resuscitate; come back to life

s j touch; stimulate; offend; 4 butt, gore

+ &B senseof touch 54- JA $4' flq &% touch, feel, perceive 7,~+

&d 01 soil, earth, clod; place, region; rich soil

O&

soil x&zg extreme difference, do@] 21

be poles apart

" 13 1748

T7;

3~)1 treasure; valuable, 3L precious

BF! a treasure gt'fl

a national treasure *JL g.ti jewel, precious gem 2L

hang, suspend

%g offer a prize, offer a reward

E!$% pending bill; outstanding ,&\

question sFg$ a prize, prize money

3)s brazier, stove, fireplace

$gj$q t-5

13

A,@ brazier a stove; a fireplace vented cooking brazier

5% humbly give; present, fd offer

,

$& ly

&& offering, contribution g-2- %w% devotion, self-sacrifice 3 4. @@ donate, contribute ?!kl

8% $81

, $3

through the senses

71 3% perceive; aware, conscious 4 @B protocol, note 4- 4

ready ; resolved; perceive; 4q understand

illusion, hallucination %L 7,L

20 strokes I 21 strokes

33 a translation

s g glory, honor; fame; dignity, prestige

%% honor; distinction

++ release, unloose; explain; Sakyamuni, the historic Buddha

explicate, explain 84 4 @tip release from confinement, 4 'k

set free annotate, comment on 7 A$

Z k

' 0 "';c"ck %

alarm bell; a warning &m bell house; belfry

4% a 7 L 0 1

%g evening bells; vesper D,F % bells

1755 (Also written @ .)

struggle, fight a fighter, u champion

EJE> fighting spirit, militant

empty space, margin


smnslled; ragged

@ occur in succession, follow one after another

@ appear in succession

E% exhibition, showing m g read, peruse @E view. inspect

an iron or steel plate

around to look

@Buy adviser, advise client, customer


@4p egg (of a chicken) @ poultry farming R crowing of a rooster

a crane (bird)

341 authority, power

power, influence

@ delight, gladness @ cheer, shout of joy

$ 3 ir~fluence, effect g@. entertain, treat to %@ sounding board


a\+] cliff, rock; grotto

@ @ cave; grotto

@ h lover, sweetheart

24 Strokes

yell silkworms "d. s$f$ silk thread ;(,LA\

a& *& sf$ encroach, make inroads +4 '- !+ 9' into, eat into $5 sericulture

02%.

1793

329

25 strokes

A E hall, main room

26 strokes

scc, behold; aspect, view 3 @,& idea, conception; sense 4 4

11 @i p i n t tourism, of view sightseeing 3J

3!%&

1799

26 Strokes

APPENDICES

KOREAN SURNAMES

The surnames are listed in order of frequency of usage. The chart reads from left to right.

APPENDICES

EASILY CONFUSED CHARACTERS M'F'ENDICES

COMMONLY ABBREVIATED CHARACTERS

APPENDICES

CHARACTERS WITH MULTIPLE READINGS

APPENDICES

THE 900 MIDDLE SCHOOL CHARACTERS IN TEXTBOOK ORDER

The list reads down from the left.

APPENDICES

34 1

APPENDICES APPENDICES

INDEX

HOW TO USE A CHARACTER DICTIONARY

Access to the characters in a hanja dictionary is possible through a phonetic index, a stroke-count index or a radical index. Each of these is explained below. Beginning students may find the use of a radical arrangement difficult until they have mastered basic characters.

Phonetic Index. Characters are listed in this type of index in hang51 alphabetical order. This order appears as the first column of the Syllable Practice Chart at the inside back cover. A phonetic index is simple to use but suffers from limited utility because a character can be located only if its reading is already known.

Stroke-count Index. Characters are listed in this type of index according to the number of separate strokes used to write them. There is no need for such an index in this book because the 1,800 Basic Hanja in the main section are already arranged in stroke-count order. To find a character in a stroke- count arrangement, simply count its strokes, turn to the section in which hanja of that stroke count are grouped and locate the target graph. Characters are listed in radical order within each section. It is not uncommon to miscount strokes, so if a character is not in one stroke-count section, peruse the two adjacent sections.

Radical Index. Character dictionaries are divided into 214 sections. Each section is headed by a radical, or "section head," which appears as a common element in every character within its section. The order of the 214 radicals is firmly fixed according to ascending stroke count.

To find a character in a radical arrangement, it is first necessary to estimate which part of the target character serves as its radical. Familiarity with the radicals will facilitate this task, and it is generally the case that the left-hand or topmost component of a character serves as its radical. After settling on the radical, count its strokes and pick it out of the index from among other radicals with the same stroke count. The index will indicate the page of the dictionary proper where

347

INDEX

the desired radical section begins. Next, determine the stroke count of the non-radiqal portion of the target graph. Charac- ters are listed in each radical section according to the stroke count of their non-radical portions, so it is a simple matter to locate a target graph among characters within a section which share a like stroke count.

Let's assume we want to find the character, g , in a dictionary. By inspection, we take a as the radical because it is the left-hand element. We see that our radical is composed of four strokes, so we locate it among other four-stroke radicals in the index and turn from there to the page in the dictionary proper where the radical section begins. The non-radical portion of W is 1 and also has four strokes. It is not difficult to locate W among the characters listed in the El radical section which have four strokes in their non-radical portions.

Commonly- A bbreviated Radicals Abbreviated radicals appear below in stroke-count order.

The original form of a radical is listed to the right of each ab- breviation and is followed by its stroke count (where different) to facilitate use of the following radical index.

RADICAL INDEX

RADICAL INDEX Radicals are listed in this index only under their origid forms. Refer

to the chart on the preceding page to determine the original form of an abbreviated radical.

1 stroke

1 Z (1)

2 strokes

1 A 11 a C P

3 strokes

n %

J I I (({

zx 3

t J L ~ (4)

t F ( 4 ) "

$ ( 4 )

8 3 (4)

P ( r i g h t ) 8 ( 7 )

P (left) @ (8) lfllr (6) -PI-

4 strokes

!Jh \ lL\

2 2 % %

a , . , ~k

A $ q 3 3 ( 5 )

t; 15 (5) - w (6 )

* 8 (6)

H (6) -#c. b* (6)

L k ( 7 ) 5 strokes

PI1 I3

- R (6)

? & (6) 6 strokes

+ 7 strokes

9 2 -& j2 (8)

9 strokes

B f2

RADICAL INDEX RADICAL INIWX

-

RADICAL INDEX RADICAL INDEX

HAIR( 'AL I N D E X R A D I C A L I N l ) t X . vd (8)

278

d 546

8 843

8$ 842

n 1009

88 l o l l

W 381

382

BE 547

fi 684

548

6 8 1 ,

3 549

a 682

$f 683

lf8 685

% 844

845

1010

1 1405

@ 1291

1292

,$% 1294

@ 1293

1 1525

1 1778

r.2 $ 279

a 550

% 1663

El 8 280

@ 846

3 ' F 281

& 847

1406

€3 % 1295

1597

1693

282

& 1

~ s l : 1407

Pf fi 283

@ 1012

@ 849

6 848

.@ 383

& & 284

PI(*) 552

X 689

g 686

?fi 691

2 690

$ 851

1015

$ 1166

1165

% 1300

1296

# 1299

/& 1297

@ 1719

1720

% 5 5 3 +

554

688

3 687

852

850

j% 853

1014

# 1332

% 1704

1705

1 1730

~ fi 565

2 1209

% 1051

'% 1334

% 1677

1769

z 1335

% 1333

% I 4 4 1

% 1732

$ 1795

3 566

3 1623

% 567

9 Strokes

fi im 704

$ & 705

% $@ 1678

R @ 1052

l lE1212

% 1210

% 1443

% 1624

a 1707

i% 1706

@ 1734

% 1053

E 1013

% 1163

1 1164

% 1298

23 1408

g 1412

8 1410

6% 1409

% 1411

1598

1526

f% 1599

1 1665

& 1664

% 1694

1695

&% 1747

1763

P & 555

.@ 1016

ik 1167

%! 1301

If! 1696

1017

!@ 1302

@ 1413

@% 1527

1600

fg 1793

$ 1798

285

i% 1168

fi 2 270

% 830

1002

2fi 1001

@ 1432

1673

@ 1551

1754

% 402

$% 702

@ 1043

f 1195

8 Strokes

1$

$ 560

& 876

@ 1434

5$1 1619

@ 1755

@ I 7 6 8

1331

@, 1196

%i 1436

$& 1435

1433

a 1552

$# 1703

$8 1620

$% 1618

@ 1616

1617

# 1674

@ I 7 0 2

B 1 7 2 8 e

# 1787

1781

E(e) 561

BfJ BS 562

%% 559

% 700

%! 699

870

868

$& 1032

% 1036

% 1033

$ 1322

1192

% 1327

i$l 1328

% 1325

& 1429

& 1430

%? 1612

% 1550

1614

j&P 1672

g 1 6 7 1

3 1727

a 0) 397

% 871

a 872

1330

81 1042

% 1194

#8 399

% 400

% 398

$$ 701

$$lo41

B I O ~ O

401

@ 875

% 1701

Bi! 873

874

% 1000

g 1153

?$ 1151

% 1152

% 1150

8 1395

@ 1394

% 1515

1514

1 1516

1593

% 1594

% 1689

i@ 1717

% 1744

% )(t 271

f% 831

% 781

@ 1154

1396

1595

@ 1690

% % 380

676

fi 675

@ 674

@ 835

@ 832

h$ 837

% 836

% 838

#& 833

#f 834

%? 1004

@ 1003

$# 1156

@ 1007

8 1005

1044

1197

1199

&li] 1200

a 1729

1198

1438

1437

@ (f) 403

@ 703

I% 877

R 880

1 1 0 4 7

@ 1045

!% 1202

564

563

@ 879

8 7 8 #

@ 1049

1048

R lo50

k?i 1046

1203

s 1201

% 1204

1439

@ 1440

1553

@ 1622

% 1621

E l 6 7 5

1207

& 1205

& 1208

& 1676

1731

% 1206

@ 1031

@ 1318

iffi 1319

1547

/g 1548

% 1546

6 1610

@ 1670

@ 1700

395

#$ 1611

1767

# 1726

@ 396

.@ 1320

@ 864

AL) ~ 558

a 557

% 867

865

866

?$ 869

B 1034

& 1039

% 1037

% 1035

% 1038

% 1193

1329

a 1 3 2 1

% I 3 2 4

8 1323

1326

% 1431

.% 1549

1613

3 1615

1669

3 1697

3 1723

P 1750

3 1751

% 1761

@ 1753

8 1800

& 387

B 388

$ 1698

f 859

P % 1180

% 1024

1425

% 1608

I @ 1426

!3 W 389

fi 695

kt 861

R 1030

R 1027

8 1025

@ 1181

R 1183

R 1184

% 1182

B l l 8 8

H 1541

f8 1542

%f 1538

f 1537

R 696

860

W 1028 -

Wlji 1029

3 1026

W 1187

R 1186

$f 1185

1314

% 1312

ff 1313

a 1427

@ 1 5 3 6 *

1539

R 1540

R 1725

1609

@ 1724

& 390

& k 396

862

a 697

a 1189

i& 1190

1543

E @) a 392

1317

1191

@ 1316

@ 1315

1545

1544

a 1 6 9 9

& 393

@

$ 394

698

@ 1428

8 863

@ 1006

@ 1158

' $ 1160

@ 1161

% 1162

g 1159

&t 1157

## 1283

@ 1282

W 1398

% 1401

& 1397

# 1400

% 1399

@ 1517

% 1518

#$ 1522

$@ 1523

m i 5 9 6

% 1658

@ 1656

#? 1654

@, 1657

$6 1655

& 1691

f / f% 1746

1762

$% 1520

#& 1519

@ 1521

& ( f ) & 287

3 556

1415

$! 854

% 855

1171

% 1170

% 1173

#f? 1172

1303

!$ 1304

1414

@ 1416

Ij& 1779

f i $7 286

a 1169

@j 1528

& 1601

1018

" 288

692

7Strokes

W, 384

@ 1174

@ 1602

@, 1799

& 1019

@ 1749

a 1764

fi @ 385

1305

& 1748

- / a 386

zt 694

$2 858

311 857

8 1023

% 1022

a 1021

3 1307

:& 1310

3 1306

,% 1421

8 1424

3 1423

ig 1417

$ 1420

s 1535

$$ 1531

8 1530

1529

1534

a 1532

3 1603

a 1668

1667

3 1721

a 1722

3 1752

1 1780

q f 1 7 8 6

1794

3 693

sf 856

8 1020

8 1177

zd 1178

8 1175

3 1176

% 1179

8 1309

1308

3 1311

3 1422

1418

1419

1533

3 1607

1606

3 1604

3 1605

% 1666

HAI)I(:AL INDEX PH0NE'I"IC INDEX PHONETIC INDEX

HangGI alphabetical order: 1. E, '-. X, c. ii 2 , D . '. ". 0(0\.01.P.4.".01). x, X s 3, 15 Strokes

f d$r 1556

16 Strokes

da 1629

17Strokes

: ;;;;I Stroke/: a 1 : I449 @ 1710

g 711 a8 I448 R %6i 1338 W 1447 1213 1450

f!h 1337 5 5 1681

g 1211 1336

.@ 1442

1625

'@1708

1735

@ 1770

ggi I788

At % 708

@ 1774 @ 1783

k6 IB[ 1796

E 1057 $ 1736

4? $ 1058

R 1059

%. 1214

% 1628 g 1682 ff 1758

13 Strokes

$!& 339

14Strokes

g 1554 & 1626

1054

& 1445 $@I444

@ 1627

$fj 1679

706

3 1733

10 Strokes

,% ,% 881

i(lp1790

@ 1709 @ 1756 $ 1772

R 1791 % 1789

WI 1 1757

!a 1$ 884

@1446@

11 Strokes

& 1055

Z 1680

PHONETIC INDEX PHONETIC INDEX

[g 1 %? 432

& 1775

#J 1737

8 426

8 770

[$ 1 M l 0 6 9

(4 1 1183

1685

% I 1 0 4

I 3 1 % 673

[%) 8 649

223

$ 1 1 4 9

% 127

R 510

@J 893

1/W1760

1761

[e] 1764

6:: I095

1643

[g] 803

1$ 871

Wt] 961

[$I 73

& 1160

$3 617

@. 835

(3) 549

1711

2 41

858

@ 862 I233

(*I] 412

[%'I a 305

990

fi 946

HI & 383

419

1195

1 727

!$$ 963

1690

@ 1533

I+ 1 1 776

$ 1736

1479

AfJ 1632

1 )J 13

E l 5 8 1

IEf 1576

( 8 )

@ 1037

@ I517

@ 1674

# 1484

884

@ 140

$1710

I+)

w 141

1019

a 1437

($1 322

1164

$ 1710

[?I & I 2 5 9

302

@I 1455

I t ] 558

. # 1 2 2 5 '

# 786

93

@ 1220

3 1 6 9 7

[+?I $ 560

.3 56

% 1279

@ 1620

& I 2 8 0

1133

[ ~ l

[q] 400

% 445

[ql 1604

I*)

1$ 1253

@ 1731

($1 420

1114

906

% 796

4% 356

1088

957

676

2, 342

& I368

# 1119

3 444

% I 7 0 9

859

3 915

% 1116

f i 670

& 203

@ I 5 0 7

# 1054

& 1579

% I 5 5 9

[a 1 1401

($1 & 222

[$I 560

[+?I flti 843

( ~ 1 1 0 528

ic1

( 4 1

5 232

3 852

I+] $ 584

375

[*I #j 832

($1 & 738

[bj ]

fi 60

f i 5

445

679

(41 34

[g] $- 247

480

[d] f 1356

[k) 661

@ 152

I % 3 1 1 [ % + )

[%) 1320

@ 1585

1 )& 1291

% 1096

33

ft: 122

&$ 610

F.f 1358

8 923

@ 1406

R I I S S 1203

[q] $ 240

50

{g 294

@ 1074

1143

1393

166

644

@ 1640

1562

1684

1346

[Q] g L 3 2 6

[?tl 3 1531

$6 974

1502

@ 1572

[*] 8 1153

3 658

@ I 5 4 4

907

& 1272

1$ 733

I595

% I 7 5 8

(4)

* I I 1436

1473 790

(5) n 12

# 423

a~ 608

% 1329

& 749

@ 759

8 1194

1345

717

% 623

# 789

& 1316

@ 868

@ 1123

a 1048

& 1032

# 1512

3 1565

1$ 1140

;$) 3 1 7 8 0

1590

& 518

@ 726

[;I ?# 92

a 388

@ 1624

a 1780

( 3 1

& 1196

[%] # 929

( 5 1

% I 1 5 1

% 1138

1588

( 2 1

[ ~ i ] @ 1718

[q] $&I297

% I 4 9 7

648

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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chang, Sam-sik, ed. Comprehensive Chinese-Korean Dic- tionary (tae han han sachh). Seoul: Sbngmun Company, 1965.

DeFrancis, John. Beginning Chinese Reader, Part I. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.

High School Classical Korean Education Research Society, ed. High School Classical Korean for Liberal Arts High Schools (inmunkye kotiing hakkyo: kotting hanmun). Seoul: Kong- sin Publishing Company, 1973.

Kwh, Chung-ku. General Principles of Classical Korean (hanmun taekang). Seoul: Inu Printing Company, 1971.

Martin, Samuel E., ed. New Korean-English Dictionary. Seoul: Minjungseogwan, 1977.

Middle School Classical Korean Research Society, ed. Middle School Classical Korean (chunghak hanmun). Seoul: Min- jungseogwan, 1972.

Min, Chae-sik, ed. The New World Comprehensive Korean- English Dictionary (nyu wiild hanyang taesachiin). Seoul: The Si-sa-yong-o Publishers, 1979.

Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea. Middle School Classical Korean, Volumes I, I1 and I11 (chunghak hanmun). Seoul: National Textbook Company, 1979.

Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea. Study of Word Frequency in the Korean Language (urimal malsu sayong'- tii chatki chosa). Seoul: T'aesiing Printing Company, 1956.

Nam, Kwang-u. A Study of the Basic Characters for Educa- tional Use Selected by the Ministry of Education (munkyo-

i pu siSnch6ng kyoyukyong kich'o hanja yiinku). Seoul: Republic of Korea Textbook Company, 1972.

I Song, Chong-man. A New Explication of Sino-Korean Char- acters (sinhae hanja) . Seoul:Namhyang Munhwa Company,

I 1970.

I Yi, Ka-w6n. New Lectures on Classical Korean (hanrnun sinkang). Seoul: Sinku Munhwa Company, 1973.

" C ' .I' . \ '

A

ARACTERS :;3ReadihL; and Writing : Hangul and Hanja

HOLLYM -

Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters by Chang-ui Kim This book contains various aids for students of written Korean, particularly the Sino-Korean characters known as hancha or

English-Korean Practical Conversation Dictionary Edited by Gene S. Rhie & B. J. Jones This dictioqary is specially designed for an essential guidebook of Korean conversation.

Standard English-Korean Dictionary for Foreigners Edited by B. J. Jones This new English-Korean dictionary, based on lexicographic standards, is the only dictionary specially designed for for-

Standard Korean-English Dictionary for Foreigners Edited by Gene S. Rhie This dictionary, as a companion to the Standard Englkh-Korean Dictionary .for Foreigners, was designed as a convenient reference tool for those who want to find necessary words easily and

Korean Phrase Book for Travelers

This phrase book of pocket size, as quick and easy reference, will help you communicate in everyday Korean life. Useful notes and interesting guiding tips help you cope with real life situations.

Easy Way to Korean Conversation by Pong Kook Lee & Chi Sik Ryu This book will help you to converse more easily and catch some of the excitement of talking to Koreans.

Let's Talk in Korean by Pong Kook Lee & Chi Sik Ryu This is a pocket-book version of earlier work, Easy Way to Korean Conversation, but amply revised and supplemented to better meet the actual needs of talking to Koreans in various

Let's Learn Korean with cassette tape

This book does the best job of Romanization, and includes interesting introductory and background material, an explanation of the Korean alphabet, and a wide selection of helpful

1 Guide to KOREAN CHARACTERS -- -

by Bruce K. Grant

b m to Rtnd a Little Korean- Or a Lot! FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ENGLISH, a

pactical handbook with ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW TO READ AND WRITE the dy- namic language of the 50,000,000 Korean people.

~f you have a passing interest in the unique culture of the "New Miracle of Asia, " you can now learn the world's most scientific alphabet, hangid, in minutes-not hours!

If you choose to visit the entrancing world of Chinese characters, hanja as they are called in Korea, you can embark on a brief excursion into the calligraphy of the ancients.

Or, you can plunge into the 1,800 Chinese characters taught to Korean school children. And do it for the first time in English!

SPECIAL FEATURES OF "KOREAN CHARACTERS" HANG^ (alphabet) FEATURES

A no-nonsense approach to hangtit that cuts learning time from hours to minutes. Only half a page of explanation. Special "HangZil-in-a-hurry" charts exploit the similarities between the 16 basic letters and their derivatives. Writing models inside the back cover show exactly how to write each hangfil letter and every type of syllable.

HANJA (characters) FEATURES All 1,800 Chinese characters taught in Ko- rean schools. Thorough English definition for each character. An illustrated history of Chinese characters. Practical hints on learning characters. Each character accompanied by vocabulary words in which it appears as a constituent character. Each vocabulary word selected on the basis of frequency of usage in the language.

(continued from frontpap)

"KOREAN CHARAmRS" AS A MINI- DICTIONARY

The 1,800main characters arranged in stroke- count order. Phonetic index included. Radical index included.

USEFUL APPENDICES Korean Surnames. Easily Confused Characters. Commonly Abbreviated Characters. Characters with Multiple Readings.

.The 900 Middle School Characters in Text- book Order. How to Use a Character Dictionary. Chart of Abbreviated Radicals.

The editor, Bruce K. Grant, took a B.A. from Seoul's Dankook Univer- sity in Korean Language and Literature and a Master's degree from U.S.C. in teaching Chi- nese characters. He has resided in Korea for near- Ip 15 years and presently serves in Seoul as an official of the U.S. Govern- ment.

ISBN: 0-930878- 13-2

a guide to korean characters

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