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A GUIDE TO

WARSAW PACT

GROUND FORCES

WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT

• 6 FIELD FORCE GROUP

INTELLIGENCE UNIT

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IUPKX

TANKS Pag?

tt-76 Light Amphibious Reconnaissance Tank 2-3 R-55 Medium Tank 4-5 •:-62 MediuafcxSKntit 6 - 7 1 - 1 9 7 0 Medium Tank 8 - 9 •:-IOM Heavy Tarfk?-b 1 0 - 1 1 KMT-5 Tank Mounted Mine Clearing Rollers and 12-13

> Ploughs

ASSAULT GUNS

ASU - 5 7 Airbourne Assault Gun 1 4 - 1 5 ISU-85 Airborne Assault Gun 1 6 - 1 7

OliiOURKD RECONNAISSANCE VEHICLES " .

>UG OT - 6 5 Amphibious Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle 1 8 - 1 9 5UM-1 11 n it 11

20-21 3RJ3M-2 rt 11 ti 11

22-23 TUG M-197O Amphibious Armoured Reconnaissance Veh/APC 24-25 -3RIM-RKH Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle 26-27

iRMOURKD PIFTSONNEL CARRIERS

"3TR- §OP Tracked Armoured Personnel Carrier 28-29 OT-62 Amphibious Armoured Personnel Carrier 30-31 PTS Tracked Amphibian 32-33 6TR-60P Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier 34-35 OT -64 Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier 36-37 M P Amphibious Armoured Infantry Combat Veh 38-39

ARTILLERY

120mm Mortar M1938, M1943 40-41 Mr-1955 100mm Field Gun 42-43 '4—30 122mm Howitzer M - 1 9 3 8 44-45 D-30 122mm Howitzer 46-47 D-20 152mm Gun Howitzer

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48-49

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IS£SL

ROCKETS. --MISSILES

BM-21 122mm Socket Launcher (40 Rd) 50-51 SAGGER Anti-Tank Guided Missile 52-53 FROG-7 Free Rocket Over Ground 54-55 SCtfD-B Surface-to-Surface Guided Missile 56-57 SCUD-B On MAZ - 5 4 3 58-59

f_: SA-2 Guideline Suxface-to-A&ftiffliided Missile irusT r, 60-61

SA-3 GOA Surface-to-Surface Guid«*&. Missile 62-63 SA - 4 GANEF " " " " " 64-65 SA - 6 GAINFUL " » •• » V 66 -67 ANTJ-AlnCRAFT GUNS "

ZFU-4 14.5mm AAHMG 68-69 S-60 57mm AA Gun 70-71 ZSU - 2 3 - 4 Self-.ttopelled Automatic AA Gun 72-73 ZSU-57-2 " " "

M

" 74-75

SOFT SKINNED'VEHICLES . • -

UAZ-69 Light Cargo and Personnel Carrier 76-77 ZIL - 157 Medium Weight General Purpose Truck

6 x 6 78-79 UR-aL-375 General Purpose Truck 6 x 6 80-81 . AT-L * Light Tracked Artillery Tractor 82-83 i BRIDGING E^UIHiliuNT •

TMM" Truck Mounted Scissors Bridge 84-85 RIP Heavy Folding Pontoon Bridge 86-87 MTU (T - 5 5 ) Tank Launched Bridge 88-89 GSP Heavy Amphibious Ferry 90-91

•alitChAFT FIXED WING

MIG-17" FRESCO ' 9 2 - 9 3 " MIG-21 FISH BED 94-95

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SU-7 FITTER TU-22 BLIWJMi

Y ^ - 2 8 BREWER . .

"8 CiiMP . 1 0 2

_ 03 CUB , 104-105

ROTARY WING '

MI-1 HARE i n 7

MI-2 aOPLITE MI-4 d o u m

S i S f ;

112-113 ^ 114-115

ill

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rOREffORJ

JgUnd.8 handbook has been produced to aid soldiers in ^ ^ c o g n i t i o n of military equipment of WARSAW Pact

origin.

Some of the equijraent illustrated in the handbook (jay nov/ be superseded in WARSAW Pact front line units, but may be employed by other countries within our area of interest.

Air Int Section School of Military Intelligence July 1975

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rc-76

AMPHIBIOUS TANK

A lightly armoured tank with excellent amphibious characteristics. Water propulsion is by-twin hydrojets.

Role: Light Reconnaissance Tank.

CHARACTERISTICS

ViuHICLE

Weight 14 tons Length 6910 mm Width 3180 mm Height 2190 mm Speed: Land 44 km/h

Water ' 10 km/h Range: Land 250 km

Water 100 km _ ' Ground Pressure O.48 kg/cm (6.8 pis) Armour: Glacis Plate 10 mm/80 Crew 3

•aRuiix<iKNT J

76 mm Tank Gun (40 rds) 7.62 mm Coaxial MG

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T-55

MEDIUM TAKK

Similar in most external respects to its predecessor the T - 5 4 , the T-55 is the medium tank in common use in the Warsaw Pact Countries. Both the T - 5 4 and T - 5 5 can be identified by a gap between the first and second of the five road wheels.

A 580 BHP diesel engine powers the tank through a rear drive sprocket. The gun is horizontally and vertically stabilised.

Hole: Medium Combat Tank.

CHaRixCTcIilSTICS

V ^ O C L S

Weight Length Width Height Speed Range

36 tons 6450 mm 3270 mm 2400 mm 48 km/h 400 km H w juii 2 0.8 kg/cm (11.4 pai) Ground Pressure

Snorkel Depth Armour: Glacis Plate Crew 4

100 mm Tank Gun (43 Eds) 7.62 mm Coaxial MG 7.62 mm Hull MG

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T-62

MEDIUM TANK

The T-62 is replacing the T 5 4 / 5 5 series in the Soviet Ariay. The primary improvement upon the T-55 is the mounting of a 115mm gun.

The T-62 can be readily distinguished from the T-55 by different road wheel spacing and a fume extractor two-thirds of the way down the gun barrel.

A modified version of the T-62 exists with an AA machine gun mounted on the loaders cupola.

Role: Medium Combat Tank

CfoutACTiaiSTICS

VEHICLE

Weight Length Width Height Speed Range Ground Pressure Armour: Glacis Plate SnbrkelsBepthLh Crew

36.5 tons 6705 mm 3352 mm 2400 mm 48 km/h 400 km 0 . 8 kg/cm ( 1 1 . 4 psi) 100 mm/60

5 m 4

ARMaMKNT

115mm Smooth Bore Tank Gun (40 Rds) 7.62mm Coaxial MG

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M-1970

MEDIUM T M K

This tank has not yet been seen outside USSR. It may be the eventual successor to the T-62. The suspension with six road wheels and three return rollers distinguishes it immediately from the Christie suspension of the T-62.

There are also differences in turret shape and position while the commanders cupola is on the right of the turret.

Role: iiedium Combat Tank.

CHJLB.CTJLRISTICS (ESTIM*TIJ)J

VEHICLE

Weight 40 tons Length (less Gun) 7400 mm Width 3300 mm') Height 2460 mm ' Speed Range Ground Pressure Armour: Glacis Plate 100 mntf-/70°

ARMAMENT

115 mm Smooth Sore Tank Gun

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T-10M

HEAVY TASK

The T-10M is recognisable by its suspension comprising seven road wheels and three return rollers and its V-shaped glacis plate. It replaces the original T-JO aij^jliffers from it in that it has a modified turret with

J a ^ E i at the rear, 14.5 machine guns in place of the 12.7 models, and a multi-baffle instead of a double baffle muzzle brake. It is equipped with infra-red driving and sighting equipment and the gun is horizontally and vertically stabilized.

Holes Soviet He^vy Tank

CHAllACTi^RISTICS .

V M I C L E

Weight ... 52 tons Length (less Gun) X 7040 mm Width — V 3566 mm Hei^it

5

2430 mm I Speed

1

42 km/h j Range 250 km 9 C ^ ^ i d Pressure 0.78 kg/cm (11.4 psi) •Armour: Glacis Elate 420 mm Crew 4

ARkhiiiEHT

122mm Tank Gun (30 Rds) • ' . ' 14.5mm Coaxial MG 14.5mm AAMG

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iiESTiUCTfcJ)

KLlT-5

T A M MOUNTED MIME CLEARING ROLLERS AND PLOUGHS

This mine clearing equipment can be mounted on the T-54, T-55 or T-62 medium tanks. Two separate ploughs are mounted, one in front of each track and are angled to throw to the side of the tracks. Forward of the ploughs are rollers. A device is attached Between the rollers to detonate tilt rod mines.

Role: Regimental Mine-Clearing Equipment.

MlMIi; CLEARING ROLLERS

CHARACTERISTICS

Weight 6.7 tons Width of Swept Track 850 mm Y.idth of Unswept Track 1700 mm Operating Speed 8-12 km/h

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ASU-57

AIRBORUE ASSAULT GUN

The Light Assault §un ASU-57 can be dropped by-Cargo Parachute in support of airborne forces.

It is lightly armoured but carries an effective

57™& anti-tank gun.

Role: Anti-Tank Support for Airborne Forces.

CHARbGT.CRISTICS

VEHICLE x

V«eight 3.4 tons

Length 3400 mm V/idth 2086 mm Height 1460 mm Speed 45 km/ti Range 250 km

2

Ground Pressure . G.35 kg/cm (5 psij Armour 6 mm Crew 3

ARivihi.i;-ii'<T «-*

57 ma Aswan It CGun

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ASU-85

AlELBOflKB ASSAULT GUN

Although not itself amphibious the chassis of the ASU-85 is based upon the PT-76 amphibious t&iik.

It is equipped with a larger gun A M thicker armour than the ASU-57. As a result of this increased weight it cannot be air-dropped, but is air-landed.

Role: Anti-Tank Support for Airborne Forces,

qHAIUCTERISTICS

Vi..nT.Ciu'J

15 tons 6000 mm 2600 mm 2100 mm 44 km/h 250 km

2

O.48 kg/cm (6.0 yeij 40 mm/60 4

Weight Length Width Height Speed Range Ground rressure Armour: Glacis Plate Crew

RiiihiyiiLlfT

85 mm Assault Gun 7.62 mm Coaxial Tank MG

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FUG OT-65

AuPHIBIOUS ARMOURED RECOMAISSAHCE VEHICLE

The FUG or OT -65 is manufactured, in Hungary. It resembles the ERDM-1 but has a rear engine and two hydroject instead of one. It has two pairs of belly wheels.

Role: Armed and Chemical Reconnaissance, ambulance. Used Hungarian, Polish and Czech xirmies.

CriiiilnCTrifllSTICS

VrjjlCLa

height Length Width Height Speed: Land

Water Range Crew

iutiiijiiiiEjHT

7.62 am MG

6.1 tons 575C am 2362 mm 1500 mm 67 km/h S kffi/h 500 km

5

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BRIM--]

AMPHIBIOUS *MRQURED RiX'ONMISbANCE Vii2iICL£

The basic amphibious scout car in service with the w'arsaw Pact Countries. In addition to the main road wheels it has four retractable belly wheels for increased mobility, ftater propulsion is by single hyarojet. It is powered by a 90 BKP engine front mounted.

Role: .firmed Reconnaissance, JiTGW Carrier, Chemical Reconnaissance.

CiiarlfiCTiiiilSTICS

\ A - i l l i . C I ; r t

Weight Lengt h "Width Height Speed: Land

Water Range Crew

5.6 tons 5700 mm 2250 mm 1900 mm 80 W h 5 km/h 500 km

5

ARkAiynvNT

7.62 mm MG

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BRIM-2

AiuPHISIOUS ARMOURED RECONNAISSaNCE VEHICLE

The ERDM-2 differs from the BRDM-1 principally in having a more powerful 140 BHP engine mounted in the rear. A turret of the BTR-60PB type is fitted centrally. Water propulsion is by single hydrojet. Belly wheels are incorporated.

Role: Armed Reconnaissance, ATGW Carrier, Chemical Reconnaissance.

QriA&tiCT^IaTICS

V E H L C L E

Weight 7 tons Length 5500 mm Width 2180 mm •Height 2150 mm Speed: Land 100 km/h

Water 10 km/h Range 750 km Crew 4

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14.5 am Tank MG 7.62 ram Tank KG

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F U G M 1970

AIVXPHIBIOUS ARMOURIID HKCOMNAISSAHCIIJ VJJKICLE/APC

The FUG M1970 is derived from the OT-65 and mounts a turret of Hungarian design. Propulsion in water is by twin hydrojets.

Role: Principally used as an Armoured Personnel Carrier.

CFLAHITCTIIILSTICS

ViiilCLE

height Length width Height Speed: Land

V»ater Range Crew

A ri i.' ; < T

7.4 tons 5250 mm 2430 mm 2520 mm 80 km/h 5 km/h 600 km 2+6/7

14.5 mm HHG 7.62 mm Coaxial M G

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BRDM-..BKH

CIIUUVIICAL fiECOHiUI^biiNCK VEtilCL^

Both the BRIM and B R M - 2 nave- been codified for the chemical reconnaissance role, -'h ; :?KH models carry two flag dispensers, each holding twenty .'ja^s. the stowed position they lie above the rear wiiawj arches while for dispensing they hang at the rear of -ii

v vehicle. The flags

can be dispensed for marking contanu.n^.>ed areas while the vehicle is in motion. Other equipnteai. on the Bkh vehicle includes nerve agent and radiation uluv-nia, and chemical agent, biological and sadiac kits.

Role: Radiological/Chemical Reconnaissance.

CHAftACTMISTICS (BRILl-RlUi,

VKHICLcjS

Y/eight 7 tons Length (dispensers Stowed) 5750 am iiidth Height Speed: Land

2350 mm 2310 mm

Water Range Armour Crew

750 km 10 mm 4

•fcRktt ivii'.iMT

14.5 mm m ? 13Q 7.62 mm PKT MG

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BTK-5QF

TltaCKKD J-du,xCU

r

j'.jL,D PjESOMISL CARRIER

This very mobile light a m p h i b i a tracked vehicle is derived from the rT-76 tank. The or.i.i^w^i version had an open fighting compartment but later ..sVtels have an armoured roof. The covered topped Bill-

c a n c a x ry a

5 7 ^ anti-tank gun which can be fired i'iv« the vehicle "

,r

-50FU is the command vehicle version.

Role: Armoured Personnel Carrier or Platform.

CHARc-CTiiSISTICS

VEHICLE

Weight 14.5 tons Length 6510 mm Width j180 mm Height 1970 mm Speed: Land 44 km/h

Water 10 km/h Range 280 km

r

Ground ftessure 0.52 kg/cm v

7 .3 ^si) Grew 3+34 ^

iNT

7 . 6 2 mm M G

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01-62

A&lPHIJBIOUS jutikiOURKD PERSOMttL & > R R m

OT-62 was first produced by the Czechs, basing their design on the Soviet BTR-50PK. It differs from the Soviet APG principally in having a second bay in front and doors each side. It should not be confused with t

v

i3 BIR-50HJ which also has two bays. The turret-less 0T-62A is in service with the Czech and Polish Armies, A turreted version mounting an 82mm recoilles gun and a 7.62 MG is known as the 0T-62.O and has only been seen in C^sch service. 0T-62C (Top&s-Zap) is a recent Polish irodel which mounts the same turret as the 0T-62C (2).

Role: APC in Czech and Polish Armies.

Oii^iTi^Ib/ICS

VryilCLE

VJeijht Lenr-rt h width Height Speed: Land

ft'ater Ground Pressure Range Armour Crew

•tUli'iiimi '.'/ifT

14.5 mm KPVT MG 7.62 mm PKT MG

16=4 tons 7000 rum 3225 E2& 2725 mm 60 km/h 10.8 krn/h

550 km

3 + 1 2

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FTS

TRACKED jiivLPHI-BlAN

Tne PTS is a full tracked unarmoured amphibious transport vehicle. The suspension has six large road wneels evenly spaced with centre track guides and no return rollers. Water propulsion is by two propellors.

Hole : divisional Amphibious Transporter

CHARACTERISTICS

Weight 17,700kg Length 11,600 mm Width 3 >500 mm Height 3,400 mm Speed: Land 40 km/h

Water 10 km/h Aange I, Land; 300 km ^ Ground Pressure (Laden) 0.6 kg/cm (8.5 psij Payload: Land 12,000 kg

Water 15,000 kg Personnel 50

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BTR-60F

WHFTFIT.FTO ARMOURED PERSOrilfEL CARRIER

This amphibious armoured personnel carrier has all eight wheels driven by twin 90 BHP engines. Water propulsion is by single hydro set. There are three j^PC versions, the 3TR-60P with open fighting compartment, the BTR-60PA with overhead armour and the BTR-60PB with a turret tand 1 4 . 5 ^ MG.

Role: Armoured Personnel Carrier. There is also a command version.

CHARACTERISTICS (BTR-6QPA)

VEHICLE

'weight Length Width Height Speed: Land

10 tons 7200 mm 2800 mm 2340 mm

Water Range Crew

500 km

2 + 1 4

'AR^-IENT

7.62 mm MG

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OT-64

WHEELED ARMOURED PERSONNEL CARRIER

This amphibious armoured personnel carrier is a joint Czechoslovak/Polish development. Water propulsion is by twin propellors. It is powered by a 180 BHP engine. There are three versions, the OT-64A without a turret, the OT-64B with a shielded mount for a 1 2 . 7 ™ UG and the OT-64C with a small conical turret and both 14.5mm and

^ ^ 7.62mm MG. This series is easily distinguishable from the BTR-60 series by the gap between front and rear pairs of wheels.

Role: Armoured Personnel Carrier in Czech and Polish Armies.

CariiLiCTiJitlaTICS (OT-64-A)

VEHICLE

Weight Length Width Height Speed: Land

Water ^ ^ Range

Crew

isILuiiuENT

Various

14.,5 tons 7450 mm 2507 mm 2320 mm 50 W h • 3 km/h 650 km 2 + 18

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BMP

AMPHIBIOUS ARMOuRi^D IMFAWTRY COMBAT VEHICLE

This vehicle represents a new class of armoured, fighting vehicle in the Soviet Army. It combines the features of a tracked amphibious armoured personnel carrier with those of a light tank and an armoured anti-tank fissile carrier.

The vehicle is provided with firing ports to enable infantry to fire on the move, while for dismounted combat they can exit through the rear doors.

Water propulsion is by shrouded tracks,

-lole: Armoured Personnel Carrier.

CHARACTERISTICS

VEHICLE

Weight 12.5 tons Lenght 6300 mm Width 3050 mm Height 1830 mm Speed: Land 60 km/h

Water 8 km/h Range 500 km Crew 3 + 8

'Armament

$6mm Short Recoil Gun Coaxial 7.62 mm MG agger ATGW

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12.0m MORThR

120mm iiiiCiRTiiRS M1938 AND Ml 943

The 120mm Mortar was first introduced in 1938. H, is a very mobile equipment despite its weight as it is easily attached to its transporter/limber. The stamped circular base plate with five pronounced ribs is at the rear of the limber when towed.

The ill943 differs slightly from the M1938 outwardly in having longer shock absorber cylinders. Both fire and same amiaunition and have same performance.

Role: Infantry Regimental *.iortar.

CHIIRFCCTIIHISTICS

Calibre 120 mm Length of Barrel 1854 mm Length in Travel Position 2260 mm Weight in Travel Position 500 kg Rate of Fire 12-15 rpm Maximum Range 5700 m Minimum Range 46O Crew 6

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100mm M-1955

FIELD GUN

The". M-1955 is a rifled 100mm gun mounted on a field type carriage and fitted with a multi-perforated bell-shaped muzzle brake. The recoil mechanism is situated over the barrel behind the shield forward of the angled breech ring. The trails are of box section. The gun is used by most Warsaw Pact Armies, but is being replaced by the 1-12. Infra-red night sights are often fitted.

Role: Field and Anti-Tank Gun.

CiirJttiCTEKlisTICS

Calibre Length in Travel Position Weight in Travel Position Sate of Fire iiajciiriuin Range w&ximum Range APEE (Direct Fire) HEAT

Armour Penetration AFHE

1080 m 1000 m 185 mm 380 mm 6

100 mm 9000 mm 3000 kg 7 rpm 21,000 m

(0° at 1000 m) Crew

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M- 30

122m HOWITZER M-1938

As its nomenclature imples the M-30 was introduced into the Soviet Army before World War II. It is found in many Warsaw Pact and other Armies. In GSFG it has been replaced by the D-30.

It is mounted on the same type of carriage as the 152 mm D-1 Howitzer, but it may be distinuished from the larger gun by having no muzzle brake.

Distinguishing features are the double box trail and the recoil mechanism above and below the barrel forward of the shield.

Roles Divisiona.1 Close Support Weapon.

Cj-.mR.tt.CT.CJTI br

f ICS

Calibre 122 mm Length in Travel Position GC00 mm. V/eight in Travel Position 2450 kg Rate of Fire 8 rpm iiiaximum Range 11800 m Maximum Range Heat 630 m (Direct Fire J

Armour Penetration Heat 200 mm (0°)

Crew 8

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199mm HOWITZER

The D-30 has a triple trail on which it stands in the firing position giving 360 traverse. It is towed muzzle first, with the trails forward, by a towing hook fwhich is on the barrel. Other recognition features are •the small shield, conspicuous recoil system above the barrel and large multibaffle brake. The D-30 howitzer is also used in the direct fire role.

Role: Divisional Close Support weapon.

CEARACTuktltjTICa

Calibre 122 mm ' Length in Travel Position 5400 mm weight in Travel Position 3210 kg Rate of Pire 7-S rpm Maximum Range 15»300 m Maximum Range Heat 600 m (Direct Pire)

Armour Penetration Heat 460 iiun

\Crew 7

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I)- 20

1 SPrnm GUN HOWITZER

The D-20 is a standard equipment in the Soviet Army.

It is recognisable by its short barrel and large double baffle muzzle brake. The two recoil cylinders are mounted above the barrel and lie fore and aft of the shield.

The use of the firing platform and the castor wheels on the trails enables the crew to traverse the gun through 360 .

Role: Long Range Support Gun/Howitzer of Soviet Front and Army Artillery.

CiLiRjiCTLRISTICS

Calibre 152.4 1™ Length in Travel Position 8600 mm Weight in 'Travel Position 5550 kg Rate of Eire 4 Llaximum Range 17,200 m ilaximum Range AP-T 800 m (Direct Fire)

.armour Penetration AP-T 124 mm (0° at 1000m)

Crew 10

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BM-21

122mm ROCKET LAUNCHER (40 ROUND)

The launcher is mounted on the URAL-375 truck which is described on ^age 80.

The forty tubes are arranged in four rows of ten.

In addition to the Soviet Forces it has been issued to the Polish and East German Armies.

Role: Divisional Rocket Artillery.

CJAPutCTERIdTICS

VEHICLE

Weight -IIIH launc'; and 40 rockets

1.1,500 kg

Length Width Height Speed Range

7 3 5 0 m m

2690 mm 2850 mm 7 5 km/h 400 1cm

LAUNCHER

Weight Crew

3500 kg 6

SOCKET

Calibre Range

122 mm (40 rds) 20,500 m +

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SiiGGER

aNTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE

The SAGGER is the newest Soviet Anti-Tank Guided Missile. The missile is wire-guided and is propelled by a single-stage solid fuel motor.

Three different launching systems are provided. There is a man pack single launcher which is placed on the . ground for firing. BMP, the amphibious armoured infantry combat vehicle mounts a launcher on its 76mm gun barrel.

The third system is a set of six launchers mounted on a suitably adapted BRDL1-1 or 2.

Role: Anti-Tank Weapon

CiLoRiiCTiuUlbTICS ({JII BD.DKI~.-IJ

VjiHICLE

weight Length Width Height Speed: Land

5.6 tons 5700 ran 2250 mm 200G mm

Range Crew

500 km 2

(5)

Length Range

700 mm 3000 m

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FROG-7

FREE ROCKET OVER GROUKD

FROG-7 is replacing earlier types of Surfac*. Surface Free Flight Rockets in the Soviet Army and thos of other Warsaw Pact countries.

Unlike its predecessors the FROG-7 is mounted wheeled chassis, the large 8 x 8 ZIL-135, and is comple with transloader, erector and launcher.

Role: Divisional Rocket Artillery.

CHARACTERISTICS

VEHICLE (with launcher and rocket)

Weight Length Width Height Speed Range

20 tons 10750 ma 2800 tan 366O tm 65 IOH/H

500 ksh

R O C K E T

Length Range

51 CO act 65,M/> s

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SCUB-B

SURFACE-TO-SURFACE GUIDED MISSILE SS--)C

The SS-1 SCUD Surface-to-Surface Ballistic itissiles are short range, single stage and are powered by storeable liquid propellants.

The earlier missiles were transported on a het tracked hull of the JS type with six road wheels and tt

^ ^ return rollers. The SCUD A is distinguished from the V^J longer range SCUD B in mounting one instead of two air

bottles on the hull. The transporter vehicle also acts as erector and launcher for the missile. SCUD missileE are used by all armies of the 'Warsaw Pact.

Role: Front and Army Unclear Delivery iuissile

Range 280 Km "Warheads Ivuclear

Chemical HE

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SCUD—3 CN nLtiZu-543

SURFACE-TO-SUAJFaCE GUIDED aISSILE SS_1C

In recent years the SCUD B missile has appeared on a new Transporter-Erector-Launcher based on the L1AZ-543 8 x 8 truck. This vehicle improves the overall mobility of the system while impairing little of its cross-country mobility compared with the tracked version.

Role: Front and Army Nuclear Delivery ALissile.

CHiixUCT^iISIICS

Range Warheads

280 km Nuclear Chemical

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SA-2 GUIDELINE

SURFACE-TO—alR GUIDED MISSILE

The SA-2 Missile system is transportable. Guideline two stage guided missiles are carri-ed on re-supply semi-trailers towed by ZIL-15JV tractors.

The missile booster of the GUIDELINE has a solid ^yropellant but the sustainer has a liquid propellant. The /^pissiles are assembled before being transported to the

launchers.

Role*. . iiedium Range Air Defence SAM.

The missiles are fired from single missile launchers in battery groups of six arranged in a star formation around a centrally-located radar.

The system has been in operation for many years and has been successively modified. It is in service with all Warsaw I act countries, and with several Middle East and jisian Nations.

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SA—3 GOA

SURFaCE-TO-AIR GUIDED MIS5ILS

SA-3 GOA is a two-stage solid fuel guided missile. The missiles are transported in pairs on modified ZIL-157 trucks from which they are transferred to launchers.

The SA-3 system has been in service for about a decade and is found in mapy Warsaw Pact, and in some Middle East countries.

Role: Low to medium Altitude Air Defence SAM

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SA-4 GAKEE'

SURFACE-TO-AIR GUIDED MISSILE

The SA-4 is a mobile Tracked Field Army missile system. Two GANEF missiles are mounted on a tracked hull which has seven road wheels and four return rollers. The launcher is capable of 3&0 traverse. The acquisition and fire control equipments are also tracked.

The GAUEF missile is of the liquid fuel ramjet cruise type with four solid propellant booster motors disposed around the tail.

Role: Medium Altibu&e, Medium .Range Mobile Air Defence SAM.

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SA-6 GAINFUL

SURFACE-TO-AIR GUIDED MISSILE

SA-6 is a mobile tracked missile system supplementing SA-4 in field formation. Three missiles are carried with their noses pointing to the rear on a six-wheeled tracked hull similar to that of ZSU-23-4-The missiles can be traversed through 36O on the hull

Role: Low/lie dium Altitude, fedium Range Liobile Air Defence SAM.

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ZFU-4

14.Smm AAHMG

This is the four-barrelled, version of the KPV heavy machine gun mounted, on a four-wheeled trailer. In the firing position the weapon is lowered onto jacks. The guns are recoil operated and air cooled.

The ZFU-4 is being used by most of the Warsaw Pact Forces but is being gradually replaced in many units by the newer and more powerful ZU-23.

Role: Regimental Air Defence HUG.

Ur^rUCTrR ISTICS

Calibre 14-5 mm Weight in Travel Position 1810 kg Length in Travel Position 4633

21131

Rate of Fire per Barrel Cyclic 600 rpm

Practical 15C xprn Effective Slant Range 1400 m Erosectile Weight (^PI) 64.6 g Armour Penetration 32 mm

) (0° at 500m) Crew 4

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S-6.0

TJFMM A A GLTN

The S-60 is the main air defence artillery gun of the Warsaw Pact.

The S-60 is a clip-fed recoil operated gun, which has the same barrel as the ZSU-57-2. It is normally tov/ed by the URAL-375 truck. Fire control is either by the on-carriage optical system or by off-carriage 'fire can radars using the PTJAZ0-6/60 director.

The S-60 may be recognized by its long barrel, multi-perforated muzzle brake, and four wheeled carriage with suspension system at 45 to the horizontal.

Hole: Divisional Anti-Aircaft Gun.

CC^ILICTRILLSTICS

Calibre Weight in Travel Position Length in Travel Position Rate of Fire: Cyclic

57 mm 4880 kg 8500 ma 105-120 rpm

Practical 70 rpm 6000 m 2.8 kg

Effective Slant Range Projectile Weight (HE) ivnti-Tank Role: Range (Direct Fire; Penetration (0° at 1000 m. Crew

1100 m ,) 106 m

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ZSU-23-4

p m m S E L F - P R O P E L L E D A U T O M A T I C A M L - A L R C & A P T G U N

The gun system is mounted on a light tracked chasis based on the PT-76 tank.

The turret mounts four 23mm automatic guns and a : large dish-shaped fire-control radar. The radar is lowered when travelling.

Role: Defence System Against Low-Flying Aircraft.

CKRILICTER I S T I C S

VEHICLE

Weight 14 tons Length 6000 mm Width 2800 mm Height (radar down) 2440 mm Road Speed 44 km Range 250 km ^ Ground Pressure O.48 kg/cm (6.8 psi) Crew 4

^ ^ A R M ^ E M T

Quad 23mm Automatic AA Guns

Rate of Fire 800-1000 rpm per barrel Traverse 360° Slant Range 3000 m

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Z S U - 5 7 - 2

S 7 m m S E L F - H I O ^ L L R I I ) A J T O I ^ T I C A K T I - A I R C R A F Q ? G U N

a modified twin version cf the 57^ automatic anti-aircraft gun is mounted on a medium tracked chasis based on the T-54 tank.

Role: Defence against aircraft and can also be used in a ground role against personnel and tanks.

Cn-^UCTi^RIbTICS

ViuxilCLE

Weight 23.1 tons Length 6220 mm Vridth 3270 cm Height 2750 mm "peea 48 km/h Range 400 Ion ^ Ground Pressure O.63 kg/cm (9.0 psi) Crew 6

XuirtiviKCT

Twin 5 7 ™ automatic An gun S-68 Rate of Fire 240 rpm Traverse 36'CP Range 4000 m

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U A Z - 6 9

y-i LIGriT CxiRGO aND rERSOijl'faL CARRIER

The vehicle has been in service with the Soviet Army since World. War II. The UAZ-69 proper is a light cargo and personnel carrier, frequently used for radio -communication roles, while the UAZ-69A is a passenger vehicle.

Role: Light Cargo and Personnel Carrier.

CHAftflCTjtRISTICS

Weight Length Engine 55 BHP 4 cyl in line

ietrol M-20 yO ki^/h

1525 kg 3350 mm

^peed Range Payload

4 5 5 K M

500 kg

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RL^SlICaSD

^ - 1 5 7 U E D E M WEIGHT GENERAL PURPOSE TRUCK 6 ,X 6

The ZIL-157 is widely used in the Soviet Army as a general purpose lead carrier and artillery towing vehicle It is also used as a bridging carrier and the chassis has been used to mount a wide variety of box bodies. A cab-controlled tyre pressure regulator is an added facility for cross-country operation.

M e : General Service -iedium Weight Truck

CHARACTERISTICS

Weight Length Engine

5450 kg 6684 10$ xsHP 6 cyl in line

Range Speed Payload

Petrol 430 km 65 km/h 4,500 kg

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GEHERAL HJRPOSE TRUCK 6 / 6

The URAL-375 appeal-a in truck and tractor forms and is widely used in the Soviet and East German Armies. It has a three-seater cab. iimongs; its uses are missile transporter,

21 platform, crane track and cnassis for a variety of box ^jodies. tyre pressure regulation device is incorporated.

Role: General Service Truck

CiinR^CTjiilSTICS

weight Length Engine Speed Range Payload

75 km/h 405 km 4,500 kg

8400 kg 7350 mm 175 BHP V-8 cyl petrol

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ri'T-L

LIGHT TRACKEE ^VTILLERY TRIICTUR

AT-L consists of a conventional truck-type cab and. cargo compartment mounted on a fully tracked chassis. There is an earlier version with six road-wheels and three return rollers. AI-L has been used as a prime-mover for heavy mortars and howitzers for many years, but its role is now being assumed by 6 x 6 trucks.

Role: Light Tracked Prime iilover for Artillery Equipments.

CHfuttiCTi^RIbilCb

I^ax Towed Load Ground Pressure Range

Weight Length Speed Payload

6.3 tons 3120 mm 42 km/h 2000 kg 6000 kg 0.6 kg/cm (8.5 psi; 425 km

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TMM

TRUCK l»iOUNTED SCISSORS BRIDGE

The T Lvi heavy mechanised bridge is a set consisting of four spans carried on and launched from modified KjjAZ-214

—(6 x 6) trucks. The four units of each set can be joined jnd to end to cross gaps of up to 40 m in width and 3 m in depth. Recently spans have been carried on the KrAZ 255B chassis.

Role: Divisional and Regimental Engineering Bridging equipment.

CHARACTERISTICS

Capacity ifomber of Units/Set Span/Unit Span/Set Roadway Width Trestle Leg Height Launch Time Chassis

60 tons

4 10 ai 40 m 3.8 m 3 m 35-40 mins Kr.aZ-214/fcrAZ 255B

Weight of Span and Chassis 19,000 kg

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PMP

HEUVY FOLDING PONTOON BRIDGE

The bridge set consists of 16 rectangular river pontoons and two tapered shore pontoons. Each pontoon is in four hinged sections which permits the pontoon to be folded for transportation. When the pontoons are connected they form a continuous strip of floating roadway

Launching pontoons is accomplished by disengaging travel locks, backing the truck down to the river bank arid braking sharply. The pontoon slides off rollers into the roller where it opens automatically. The pontoons are the manoeuvred by power boat to assemble the bridge. Ferries can also be assembled from pontoons.

Hole: Divisional Engineer Bridging Equipment.

CHARACTERISTICS

2 Shore/16 River 60 tons (20 tons if pontoons

split) 6.7 m 118.6 m 7m/rain

KRAZ-214> and other types

5.84 tons

Number of Pontoons/Set Bridge Capacity

Span/Pontoon Span/Set Rate of Assembly Chassis "iver Pontoon Weight

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V /

MTU (T-55)

TANK LAUNCHED BRIDGE

The equipment consists of a single span box-type girder treadway bridge mounted on a modified T-55 tank. Before launching, the ends of the bridge are folded out and a chain drive then moves the bridge forward over a cantilever launching girder unit the far bank is reached.

ole: divisional and Regimental Engineer Bridging Equipment.

CHARTTICTJ^RISTICS

Capacity 50 tons Effective Span 19 m Roadway Yiidth 3.6 ni Chassis T-55 Weight of Bridge and Chassis 35 tons Height on Vehicle 3.3 21 Launch Time 3 min

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GSP

HEAVY AMPHIBIOUS Fi^RRY

The two tracked vehicles which make up the GSP heavy amphibious ferry are right and left components of the ferry. When in the water the vehicles join together and the inverted pontoons rotate outwards to the float position.

Role: Divisional amphibious Ferry.

CHARACTJIiRISTICS

^IIIGLE VEHXCIJE

Weight length Width Height

16 tons 12, -DC iam 3,200 mm 3000 mm

Speed: Land Water

Capacity (complete Ferry; 50 tons

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MIG-17

FRESCO

FRESCO is an obsolescent single seat jet fighter/ ground attack aircraft still used in considerable numbers in the Soviet occupied zone of Germany and in Poland. Its use will probably be confined to ground attack in the region of the FEBA due to its very limited radius of action. It " " highly manoeuvreable and will probably be a very w.fficult target to hit.

CHARACTERISTICS

BTitTErfolGHS

Wing Span 9.6 m Fuselage 1 1 . 6 m

•niRFORiiiciNCE

Max Speed at SL 580 kts Radius of action 500 mm

rtR mhiili'iifr

Various ,- '

[

oads Could Be J

1 x 37 nun Cannbri and 2 x 23 mm Cannon 3 x 23 u Cannon 2 x 250 kg Bomb Rockets

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MIG-21

FISHBED

FISHBED is the standard single-seat, singlfe engined, interceptor fighter in use in the Soviet occupied zone. It is also in use in the Middle East and Asia. It has a secondary role of ground attack and the H version uses external pods for reconnaissance. Only minor differences exist between variants.

CHARACTERISTICS

DLAENSIOHS

Wing Span 7«3 ni Fuselage (excluding nose

probe and intake entre body) 13.46 a

PERFORMANCE

Max Level Speed above 11,000 m Mach 2.1 (2,230 km/hj Ceiling 18,000 m Radius of Action 400 nm

ARMAMEHT

Various, Typical Loads:

2 or 4 ^ ^ and- 1 x 20mm Cannon Up to 4 x 250 kg Bombs Up to 4 x 16 Shot 57 mm FFAR Up to 4 3C 240 mm AG unguided rockets.

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FITTER

FITTER is a single seat ground attack fighter used extensively in the Soviet occupied zone of Germany. It is powered by a single Turbo Jet. Two cannons are fitted internally but the remainder of armament stores are carried on four wing and two fuselage pylons.

CHaRiiCTi^RISTICS

DIMENSIONS

Wing Span 8.93 Length Overall 17* 37 m

PERFORMANCE

Max Level Speed at 15,000m (Clean) Mach 1.7

Max Level Speed at 15,000m (with External Stores) Mach 1.2 (1,270 tea/h)

Combat Radius 320-480 km

ASJUIAMTNUR

2 x 30 mm Cannon .. Probably up to 4 x 500 kg Bombs

or or 4 x 16 Shot 57mm Rocket Pods and other air to ground weapons.

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TU-22

BLINDER

BLINDER is a twin-^et supersonic bomber used by the Soviet Long Range Air Force and the Soviet Naval Air Force. It carries air to surface missiles or free flight bombs. There is also a reconnaissance .variant.

CiinRj.CTxiiISTICS

P U L S I O N S

Wing Span 27.70 m Length 0vera.il 40.53 m

i^ktFU^uiNCE

iiax Level Speed at 12,200m tiach 1.4 ("1480 km/h) Service Ceiling 18,300 m I«ax Range 2,250 km

1 x 30 mm Cannon 'in Tail Turret ASM Version - 1 Kitchen Bomber Version - 6 x 500 kg Bombs

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YM.-2S

BREWER

The most likely version of the YAK-28 to be seen in the forward area is the BREWER D . However the fighter version, the firebar armed only with AAH may be sighted. The BREWER I) has a glazed nose, in contrast to the solid radome of the firebar, and is used for reconnaissance. BREWER D and C are strike/reconnaissance aircraft which ~ 11 also be seen in the forward area.

CHARACTERISTICS

DlivLEiSlOITS

Wing Span 12.95 m Length Overall 21.65 m

PER PGRivlAliCE

LSax Level Speed at 10,670m loach 1.1 (1,180 km/h) Combat Radius 925 km

1 x Cannon 3,00C kg of Bombs

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Afl-8

CAMP (ANTONOV AN-8)

Camp is a twin-engined fflilitaxy transport aircraf powered by two turbo-prop engineB. It can be expected to operate in the airborne assault carrying 60 troops or 11,800 kg of cargo which may be discharged through tail doors.

CEaHuCTiLRISTICS

DIMEHSICHS

Wing Span 38 m Fuselage 30.5 m

PERFORMANCE

Max SL Speed (Est) 270 kts

mtinrtuujl'iT

2 z 23 m Cannon in Tail Turret

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AN-12

CUB (ANTONOV AN-12)

CUB is the standard medium range transport aircraft of the Soviet Air Force. It is a four-engined turbo-prop aircraft capable of carrying 90 troops or 60 paratroops. When used in freighting it can carry 20,000 kg in a hold of dimensions 13.4m long by 3m high by 2.4m wide.

C DIMENSIONS

CHiiRaCTERISTICS

Wing Span 38 m Fuselage 33.5

m

PERFORMANCE

Max Cruising Speed - 3&1 kts Ceiling 10,200 m Take off Run 700 m (Civil Version 850 m) Landing Run 500 ra (Civil Version 660 m) Range with Max. Payload 3>600 km

ARiniKiiiViWT

2 x 23mm Cannon in Tail Turret

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MI-1

HARE

HARE is powered by a single air cooled radial engine which limits its carrying capacity to a single pilot and three passengers. It is in extensive use in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Cuba.

CHARACTERISTICS

DIMENSIONS

Diameter of Main Rotor 14 m Length of Fuselage 11,8 m

PERFORMANCE

Average Cruising Speed 80 kts Normal Pay Load 154 kg Radius of Action 100 nm

Possible LMG and/or posssiyl* Anti-Tank Missiles.

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MI-2

HOPLIEE

HOPLITE is the twin gas turbine powered development of the HARE (MI-1J and is used extensively for reconnaissance, liaison and light transport duties. It can lift 6 passengers or 635 kg of freight.

O DIMENSIONS

CEARACTIJRISTICS

Diameter of idain Rotor 14*4 m Length of fuselage 11.2 m

PEtUTORukiN CE

Max Level Speed at Sea. Level 120 kts Max Payload 700 kg Radius of Action $0 nm

•tkR iAMEHT ' v,

Nil

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Midi

HOUND

HOUND has a single air cooled radial engine. It is a standard helicopter in service with the Warsaw Pact Forces carrying up to 14 troops or 1600 kg of freight. Loads such as a GAZ-69 or 76m anti-tank gun may "be carried internally. The military version of HOUND is usually seen

/ ^ t t e d with a bathtub shaped gondola below the forward Nriiselage.

CKttRACTiJftlSTICS

DIMENSIONS

Diameter of Main Rotor 21 m Length of Fuselage 16.8 m

PERFORMANCE

Max Level Speed 110 kts Radius of action 110 ran

•hRl.iALHill'JT

A flexibly mounted 12.7 mm MG may be installed in the .lower front of the gondola and possibly 4 * 1 6 Shot

mm Eocket Pods possibly ATGW.

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MI-6

HOOK

HOOK is a heavy transport helicopter powered "by two turboshaft engines and sometimes fitted with stub wings which relieve the load on the main rotor at cruise spee ' It can carry 12,000 kg of freight or 65 passengers. It has large rear clam shell doors and a loading ramp as well as side exits. With its expansive cabin and loading arrangements, Hook is particularly suitable for transporting lengthy items such as missile components and wheeled equipment in close support.

CHARACTERISTICS

DIMENSIONS

Diameter of Main Rotor Length of Fuselage

35 m 33.18 m

PERFORMANCE

Max Level Speed Service Ceiling Rang' ^fith 6,000 kg Payload

300 km/h 4,500 m 650 km

A 12.7 mm MG may be fitted under the nose.

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Oil 1,3 ',«»

xa ifexail lo

B&'Z'ZS 9C[

....

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MI-8

HIP

•tilP is a twin turboshaft engined helicopter in the medium size range. It oun carry 24 troops or up to 4,000 k£ of freight if the fuel load is restricted. It is likely to

^ b e armed and used in the airborne assault role. It has reai ^ J l a m shell doors in addition to a side passenger door and

is replacing HOUND.

_ CHjiRaCTERISTICS •v'WT''--

DIMENSIONS

Diameter of Main Rotor . 21.29 m

Length of Fuselage 18.31 m

PEftFORHuiNCE

Max Level Speed 250 km/b Range (Dependent on Type) 425-400 lea

ARMAMENT

4 x 16 Shot 57m Rocket Pods r-^x 6 x ATGW K^Jc 4 x 120 kg Bombs

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