InternetA global, public network of

computer networks.

Computer NetworkA collection of computing devices connected

to share resources such as: Files

SoftwareProcessors

Storageand printers

Internet technology and the physical connections between devices support many applications…..

Such as…. E-mail and the Web.

E-mail: Provides a convenient and low-cost form of communication over the internet.

Web:Provides a convenient method of sharing information and services.

Web = Internet ??

InternetProvides the technological infra-structure on

which the Web and other Internet-based services depend.

WebProvides a convenient platform for delivering information and services using the Internet

CommunicatingSharingLearning

Finding entertainmentMaking new friends

Internetwork

Networks joined together into larger networks so that users on different networks can communicate

and share data’s Intern

Today’s Internet joins together networks of over 500 million computers (or Internet hosts) to create

the world’s largest internetwork

Pre-Web Internet development milestones

1958President Eisenhower formed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) andNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)in response to the USSR launching of Sputnik

1969ARPA commissioned ARPANET for research into networking.(ARPANET – Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)

Pre-Web Internet development milestones

Their initial goal:Establish closer communications for research by connecting the computer networks of four research institutions:

University of Calif. At Los AngelesStanford

University of Calif. At Santa BarbaraUniversity of Utah

Once this goal was accomplished, they grew exponentially.

Pre-Web Internet development milestones

1970The first cross-country link was installed by AT&T to connect networks across the country.

1973ARPANET went international as it expanded overseas to University College in London, England, and the Royal Radar Establishment in Norway.

1983ARPANET was divided into two sub-networks: MILNET, for military needs, and ARPANET, for research.

Pre-Web Internet development milestones

1990The ARPANET project was officially concluded, and “the Internet” was turned over to the public, to be managed by the Internet Society (ISOC)

1991The Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association was established to allow businesses to connect to the Internet.

1993The first Web browser, Mosaic, was released to Internet users to an unprecedented enthusiastic reception.

Digital Divide:The difference between those that have access to

the internet and those that don’t.

The Internet is a combination of hardware, protocols, and software.

Hardware :provides the physical cables and devices that

control and carry Internet data.

Protocols: the rules that are implemented in network software and hardware to establish connections between two or more computers to allow them to communicate.

Software:Allows users to interact with the Internet to access

information and services.

Network Service Providers:

A company that provides backbone services to an Internet service provider

The Internet backbone refers to the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected

networks and core routers in the Internet.

It is made up of many national and international communication networks that are owned by major telecom companies such as AT&T and Sprint.

These companies agreed to connect their networks so that users on all the networks could share information over the Internet.

Network service providers enable Internet users to connect to their networks through utility stations

called “points of presence” (POPs)

The POP’s act as the hubs, and the connections they provide, the spokes.

www.yougetsignal.com

INTERNE

T

Users connect to the Internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Which connects to the network service provider (NSP)

through a point of presence (POP)

ISP

POP

NSP

Accessing the InternetDial-upLow speed internet service that utilizes the customer’s phone line for data transfer.Rates may go as high as 56 Kb per second

Cable ModemHigh speed internet service provided by cable television service providers.

DSL High speed internet service provided through the phone line.

Digital SatelliteHigh speed internet service provided through satellite connection.

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Policies and procedures for transmitting over the internet.Data Packet

Small group of bytes that includes the data being sent and a header containing information about the data, such as…. destination origin size identification number

Internet Protocol (IP)The Internet Protocol (IP) defines the format and addressing scheme used for the packets

All devices connected to the internet have a unique IP AddressIP Address: a unique 32 bit identifier for internet hosts.

Static: permanently assigned to a particular computerDynamic: assigned to computers as needed.

Succeeding with Technology

Domain NamesBecause people are more comfortable dealing with

names than numbers, IP addresses are assigned associated English names called Domain Names

Registering a domain name does not provide you with your own Web site, only with ownership

You can associate the name with a Web site you have created and stored on a Web server with an

assigned IP addressDomain Name System (DNS)

The Internet uses the DNS to translate domain names into IP addresses.

A database of address and names is stored on DNS servers.

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Internet ProtocolsProtocols make the internet possible

• TCP/IP provides a standard that is fairly easy to implement, public, free, and extensible

• The Internet is not owned, operated, or controlled by any single entity

• TCP/IP is glue that holds the Internet together

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IP Addresses• The IP part of TCP/IP defines the format for

the addresses that identify computers on the Internet

• These addresses are called IP addresses• An IP address is a series of numbers, such

as 204.127.129.001o It is separated into four sections by periodso Each section’s number cannot exceed 255o Each address requires __ bits (8 bits per section)

Internet Software

• Two basic architectures:o Client/server

Client makes a service request Server provides the service Port

Logical addresses on the server

Client/server technology is the basis of Internet services such as e-mail and the Web and uses server computers to distribute data to client applications such as Internet Explorer

o Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking Facilitate communications directly between clients

Peer-to-peer Networking

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The protocol of the Web is called HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – controls communication between Web clients and servers.

A Web client is commonly called a Web Browser.

Markup LanguagesA markup language is used to describe how information is to be displayed.

The primary markup language that is used to specify the formatting of a Web page is called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)