A Genomic Approach to Two Related Human Scourges

Scott Harrison, Mary Spratt, & John Ferguson

Introduction

(This could be a library project.)

Leprosy

Symtomology

Unknown boy with tuberculoid leprosy, patient of Dr. Sherwell. Born in the West Indies. Improved under treatment but died of an intercurrent disease. Photograph by O. G. Mason, the in-house photographer at Bellevue Hospital during the late 1800's. Cabinet of Art and Medicine http://www.artandmedicine.com/wood/Leprosy.html

Lepromatous leprosy showing heaviest infiltrations of skin over the central portion of the face and ears. The eyebrows are lost. Figure 41-9 from Meyers, Wayne M. Leprosy. Chapter 41 of Guerrant, Richard L., David H. Walker, & Peter F. Weller. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens, & Practice. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 1999, pp. 474–485.

Sometimes the symptoms can be totally disfiguring

A man with nodules on his face as the result of lepromatous leprosy. From University of South Carolina. MicrobeWiki, Kenyon College. http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Mycobacterium

Leprosy

Causative agent: Mycobacterium leprae

Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen. Fot. av Otto Borgen, Bergen http://home.online.no/~fndbadm/ghah.htm

Lepromatous leprosy. The dermis is largely replaced by foamy macrophages containing large numbers of acid-fast bacilli (inset). There is a distinct subepidermal clear zone. Figure 41-10 from Meyers, Wayne M. Leprosy. Chapter 41 of Guerrant, Richard L., David H. Walker, & Peter F. Weller. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens, & Practice. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 1999, pp. 474–485.

Mycobacterium leprae. © National Hansen's Disease Museum. SpektrumDirekt. http://www.wissenschaft-online.de/abo/ticker/779330

Leprosy

Treatment: Multidrug therapy

Multibacillary leprosy before (a) and after (b) multidrug therapy. Figs. 59-10 & 59-11 from Leprosy Group, WHO. Leprosy. Chapter 59 in Cook, Gordon C., & Alimuddin I. Zumla. Manson's Tropical Diseases. 21st ed. Saunders, 2003, pp. 1065–1084.

a b

Leprosy

Epidemiology: Disappearing!

Leprosy

History?

Tuberculosis

Symptomology

These chest x-rays show advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. There are multiple light areas (opacities) of varying size that run together (coalesce). Arrows indicate the location of cavities within these light areas. The x-ray on the left clearly shows that the opacities are located in the upper area of the lungs toward the back. The appearance is typical for chronic pulmonary tuberculosis but may also occur with chronic pulmonary histiocytosis and chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. MedlinePlus Encyclopedia, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/1607.htm

Tuberculosis

Causative agent: Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Scanning electron micrograph. Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Tuberculosis Research Section http://www.niaid.nih.gov/Dir/labs/lhd/barry.htm

Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Light micrograph. http://medecinepharmacie.univ-fcomte.fr/bacterio_web/exa_microscopiques/mycobacteries/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_cordes_Ziehl.htm

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lung, Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast stain. Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, University of Utah. http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/STAINS/STAIN017.html

Tuberculosis

Treatment: Multidrug therapy

(But multidrug resistant and extremely drug resistant strains!)

Tuberculosis

Epidemiology: Not disappearing

Tuberculosis

History?

Questions

Module #1

How do the genomes differ at a more macroscopic level?

Module #2

How do two genes differ in both structure and context?