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A Fresh Perspective. For the Mediterranean Region.
What is the problem?
The Ecological Footprint
CARBON footprint
FISHING grounds
Mediterranean Region
Average Ecological Footprint:
3.1 gha per person
Biocapacity:
1.3 gha per person
World
Average Ecological Footprint:
2.7 gha per person
Biocapacity:
1.8 gha per person
Where do Mediterranean imports come from?
1961
2008
Ecological Deficits
INCREASE
While
Relative Income
DOWN
Ecological Deficit per capita
People
’s R
ela
tive S
hare
in G
lobal In
com
e
Biocapacity Deficit and Global Income Share (1985 – 2007)
United Kingdom
Mexico
Brazil
New Zealand
China
World
United States of America
Peru
France
Turkey
EcuadorEgypt
Italy
Argentina
Chile
Spain
Portugal
Denmark
Australia
Korea, Republic of
United Kingdom
Mexico
Brazil
New Zealand
China
World
United States of America
PeruTurkey
EcuadorColombia
Egypt
Italy
Argentina
Chile
Spain
Portugal
Denmark
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Fra
ctio
n o
f wo
rld to
tal G
NI h
eld
by a
vera
ge re
sid
en
t (billio
nth
s)
Biocapacity Deficit or Biocapacity Reserve (gha/cap)
Biocapacity Deficit Biocapacity Remainder
- 2 2 gha/pers
Annual Income
40’000 $/pers
United Kingdom
Mexico
India IndonesiaChina
World
United States of America
Germany France
Ireland
Ecuador
Israel
Costa Rica
Italy
Switzerland
GreeceSpain
Portugal
Denmark
El Salvador$-
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
$50,000
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
GN
I pe
r resid
en
t in U
S D
olla
rs (2
00
0))
Biocapacity Deficit or Biocapacity Remainder (gha/ cap)
Biocapacity Deficit and Absolute Income (1985 – 2007)
Factory
world…
or?
Annual Income
40’000 $/pers
For comparison:
biocapacity per person
in the world is 1.8 global
hectares (in 2007)
United Kingdom
Mexico
IndiaChina
World
United States of America
GermanyFrance
Ecuador
Italy
Switzerland
GreeceSpain
Portugal
Denmark
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Fra
ction
of w
orld
tota
l GN
I he
ld b
y a
ve
rag
e re
sid
en
t
(billio
nth
s)
Biocapacity Deficit or Biocapacity Remainder (gha/ cap)
…global
auction?
Biocapacity Deficit and Global Income Share (1985 – 2007)
Relative Income
compared to
world total
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors – 1961
Debtor
Creditor
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors – 2008
Global Footprint --------------------------- = 1.5 Global Biocapacity
Debtor
Creditor
Colombia Biocapacity
per person
Ecological
Footprint
per person
Mediterranean Region
Average Ecological Footprint:
3.1 gha per person
Biocapacity:
1.3 gha per person
Ecuador
Ecological
Footprint
per person
Biocapacity
per person
Turkey
Ecological
Footprint
per person
Biocapacity
per person
Ecological Footprint
per person
Italy
Italy’s Biocapacity Deficit
Biocapacity per
person
Biocapacity
deficit per
person
0
1
2
3
4
5
61
96
1
19
64
19
67
19
70
19
73
19
76
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
Glo
bal
he
ctar
es
pe
r ca
pit
a
Fishing_ground
Forest_land
Grazing_land
Cropland
Carbon
Composition of Italy’s Biocapacity Deficit
Ecological Footprint
per person
Italy
Biocapacity per
person
x
World Commodity Prices
Biocapacity Deficit
Italy
=
Cost of Biocapacity Deficit
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors in Europe
Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity PER CAPITA,1961-2005
HU
DK AT DE
ES
RO
SE CH
IT
PT
NL
FR
PO
GR
RU
BE
FI
UK
IR
SK
CZ
BY
RS UA
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors
in the Americas, 1961 till today – per capita
US
CR
CO
EC
SV
MX
CA BR BO
PA
PE
HN
CL
NI PY
UY VE
GY GT
AR
Existing official national gov Footprint studies
In discussion with national govs
WBCSD
UNDP
EP and EC
UNEP Green Econ.
SEEA
New principles for success
• Nature has a budget. Do you know how much biocapacity you have? and how much you use?
• Biocapacity is the currency of the 21st century. Key to prosperity. If exposed to auction, relative GDP matters.
• Self-interest for countries, cities to reduce their resource deficit is overwhelming.