a force in the world 1880-1910 the “splendid little war”
TRANSCRIPT
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A FORCE IN THE WORLD 1880-1910
The “Splendid Little War”
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The “Splendid Little War”
• War Fever rises
• Alleged abuses of Cubans by Spain
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Newspapers jumped on story
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The “Splendid Little War”
• William Randolph Hearst
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Joseph Pulitzer
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Printed stories of abuse
• Greatly exaggerated or lied about severity of abuse
• Became known as Yellow Journalism
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The “Splendid Little War”
• DeLome Letter
• Spanish Minister to the United States
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Wrote McKinley was a weak bidder for the admiration of the crowd
• Meaning that he would bow to pressure
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The “Splendid Little War”
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Despite the Spanish apology and the resignation of the minister
• U.S. was still outraged demanded more action
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The “Splendid Little War”
• February 15, 1898
• Battleship Maine exploded in the Havana Harbor
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The “Splendid Little War”
• 260 sailors were killed
• Spain was blamed
• Actually the explosion was probably an accident
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The “Splendid Little War”
• “Remember the Maine to hell with Spain”
• Became the slogan for a response from America
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Spain offered peace
• Too late
• America demanded War!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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The “Splendid Little War”
• April 11,1898 McKinley asked for a declaration of War
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Congress approved and passed the
• Teller Amendment
• Stated after war was over the United States would give control of Cuba to the Cubans
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Battle of Manila Bay
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Philippines
• Admiral Dewey defeated the Spanish Navy without losing a single sailor
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Seized the Philippines
Cuban Campaign
American Army was ill prepared and ill equipped
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Issued wool uniforms to troops in a tropical country
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Rough Riders lead by Theodore Roosevelt
• Charge up San Juan hill
• Santiago Roosevelt became a national hero
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Truth be told
• 10th Negro Cavalry led by John J Pershing did the fighting
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Spanish fleet tried to leave Cuba
• Destroyed by American gunboats
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The “Splendid Little War”
• Next Puerto Rico was invaded
• Little or no resistance
• Took over island
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The “Splendid Little War”
• War was perceived as a great success
• 400 American battle casualties
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The “Splendid Little War”
• 5,000 died from disease
• Treaty of Paris ended war
• Terms of treaty
• 1. Cuba gained Independence from Spain
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The “Splendid Little War”
2.Guam (a small island in the Pacific)
3. United States received Puerto Rico
4.Spain sold Philippines to U.S. for 20 million dollars
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The Debate over Imperialism
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The Debate over Imperialism
• Arguments for Imperialism1.New Markets
2.Places for investments
3.New sites for naval bases
4.Civilize the natives
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The Debate over Imperialism
• Arguments against Imperialism
1. Too much money spent to defend
2. Other races and countries were entitled to life liberty and pursuit of happiness
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The Debate over Imperialism
• Filipino Uprising
• Upset over trading Spanish rule for American rule
• Emilio Aguinaldo led rebellion
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The Debate over Imperialism
• He helped U.S. drive Spain out of the Philippine Islands
• Now he is leading the uprising against the U. S.
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The Debate over Imperialism
• U.S. fought a guerilla war
• Took 3 years and 7,000 American casualties
• 20,000 Filipinos died in the fighting
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The Debate over Imperialism
• Along with 200,000 Filipino citizens
• Agreement in 1934 Philippines would become independent in 1944
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The Debate over Imperialism
• Why did this not happen?
• World War II
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The Debate over Imperialism
• On July 4, 1946 Republic of the Philippines was born
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The Debate over Imperialism
• Puerto Rico and Cuba
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The Debate over Imperialism
• Cuba had problems1.no strong government
2.starvation of their people
3.Disease
4.crime
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The Debate over Imperialism
• 1902 Platt Amendment–Stated United States had the
right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs if necessary for the
–Protection of life liberty and individual liberty
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The Debate over Imperialism
• Leased naval base around Guantanamo bay
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Big Stick America and the World 1901-1917
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Roosevelt Corollary and Big Stick Diplomacy
• “speak softly and carry a big stick”
• Based on Monroe Doctrine
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• Monroe Doctrine
• Europe to stay out of Latin America
• United States will stay out of European wars and business
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• Annual message to Congress
• Reinforced Monroe Document and added that if Latin American countires default United States will intervene
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• Military action would be last resort
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Dollar Diplomacy
Utilizing of financial strength and clout rather than military force
Taft did not like war
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Nicaragua
Concern of a rival canal being built by an European power
United States assisted (private sources not government)
Overthrew government
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Taft’s administration pushed for a loan to Nicaragua to pay for debt to Britain
Also American was appointed collector of customs to insure payment of debt to United States
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In 1912 to calm situation United States sent 2,500 Marines to protect United States interest in Nicaragua thus calming the situation
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Canada
Taft proposed a reciprocal agreement on trade with Canada
Some thought this was as disguised as the beginnings of annexing Canada
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This led to a new government in
Canada and the treaty was rejected
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Mexico and Latin America
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•Intervention in Mexico•Revolution in Mexico•Victoriano Huerta
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•Wilson refused to recognize
•Vera Cruz operation•Sailors arrested
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•Wilson sent Marines•United the entire Mexican Population behind Huerta
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•19 Americans were killed and Wilson was in an no win situation
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•A Negotiated settlement was arranged
•Mexico would still be a thorn in Wilson’s side
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•United States recognized new government after Huerta was forced out
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•Pancho Villa •Rebel against new government and was originally a U. S. supporter
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•Any Similarities ?
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–Villa attacked border town–Columbus New Mexico–18 Americans were killed
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•U. S. forces drove off attack
•General John J. “Black Jack” Pershing
•Sent to hunt Villa down in Mexico