BOOK REVIEWS 419

formulas of tonography. H e concludes that the tonographic outflow resistance is not en­tirely mechanic or "dead" but contains a "living neurovascular" fraction of about five to 15 percent. Numerous tonographies on the same eye are close to reality. There is a wide margin of error in single tonographies. The method is restricted to special cases (1) low tension and hypersecretion glaucomas and (2) the early prognosis of the capacity of outflow following glaucoma surgery. (Sum­maries in English, German. Extensive bibli­ography.)

The third article, "Mechanisms of reflex dilatation of the pupil," is by Irene E. Loew-enfeld of New York, working in the labora­tory of Otto Lowenstein who writes a short preface. Dr . Loewenfeld's work is most ex­tensive and elaborate, beginning with a long historical study of the background and end­ing with a detailed analysis of her experi­mental work. The supplement consists of reproductions of her working sheets of analysis of her data. I find it impossible here even to summarize her summary. (Extensive bibliography, summaries in English, French, German.) H e r paper will bring a lot of pleas­ure to the ocular physiologists.

The volumes of Documenta Ophthalmo-logica are indispensable tools, particularly for the research worker.

Derrick Vail.

A DOCUMENTAL STUDY OF T H E F U N D U S

O C U L I : V O L U M E I. ALTERATIONS I N T H E

R E T I N A L CIRCULATION. By Antonio

Clerici, M.D. Milano, Italy, A. Fattorini, 1957. 133 photographs, 210 pages, 136 references. Price: Not listed.

This textbook can be divided into a series of nine sections, dealing in numerical order with spasmatic conditions of the retinal ves­sels, retinal hemorrhages, exudates, hyper­tensive retinopathy, venus occlusion, arterial occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and renal retinopathy.

The story of these conditions is told quite

vividly by means of photographs. The photo­graphs are large and are well reproduced and certainly provide, primarily for the beginner, a graphic representation of retinal conditions. The section covering hypertensive retinop­athy and arteriosclerosis was particularly in­teresting. The author prefers the Scheie classification in which the findings of hyper­tension are separated from those of arterio­sclerosis. The section covering retinal hemor­rhages is particularly well illustrated. He gives us a photographic history of a pre-retinal hemorrhage from its inception through its various stages of absorption and complete resolution two years later.

The book would certainly be of great help to medical students who are attempting to learn funduscopy.

Joseph E. Alfano.

R A R E OCULAR T U M O R S . By Konstantin

Pascheff, M.D. Sofia. (German translation edited by Ruth Borner, M.D.) Berlin, Akademie Verlag, 1958. 141 pages, 98 il­lustrations, 7 tables. Price: Not listed. Rare Ocular Tumors and Ocular Cancer

in Bulgaria, originally published in 1952, and Plasmocytic and Lymphocytic Hyperplasias and Tumors of the Conjunctiva, originally published in 1951, are combined in a single volume in this translation from Bulgarian into German and edited by Borner.

As a product from the pen of the Nestor among Bulgarian ophthalmologists, this work deserves respect. The cases described were all examined by Pascheff during the many years of his directorship in the eye clinic which he founded in Sofia. Yet one wonders about the title of a book on " ra re" tumors which includes examples of malignant mela­noma of the choroid and retinoblastoma. Most tumors are represented by one, or, at the most, two cases. The meager statistical data are of little help in an evaluation of the frequency with which some of the rare tumors occur. Also, " tumor" is used in the widest sense of the word, including not only