AP Psychology Unit I: History, Approaches and Research Methods Unit I Practice Exam Corresponding Chapter(s): Prologue/Chapter 1Fall Semester 2014 Topic #1: History and Approaches (2-4%)Bacile Topic #2: Research Methods (8-10%)

PRACTICE EXAM MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. “I am primarily interested in thinking processes; I am a __________ psychologist.”a. Cognitiveb. Biologicalc. Developmentald. Evolutionary e. Behavioral

2. In order to replicate an experiment one must:a. Use control groups and experimental groupsb. Use statistics to determine the effect of chancec. Control for the effects of extraneous variablesd. Repeat the experiment using either identical or improved research methods

3. According to John B. Watson, introspection was:

a. A valid method of researchb. Unscientific

c. The cornerstone of behaviorismd. The study of the mind in use

4. To investigate the effects of a particular study method on student performance, two different methods are tried, each with a different group of subjects. If only the experimenter knows which method is under investigation, the procedure being used is described as:

a. Double-blindb. Single-blind

c. Self-fulfilling prophecyd. Representative sampling

5. Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?a. Ivan Pavlovb. B.F. Skinnerc. Max Wertheimerd. John Watsone. William James

6. Brain mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a:a. Personality theoristb. Sensory psychologistc. Learning theoristd. Biospsychologiste. Humanistic psychologist

7. A psychologist using naturalistic observation would:a. Carefully design controlled situations in which to observe behaviorb. Rely on observations of subjects’ responses to questionnairesc. Observe behavior as it happens outside the laboratory or clinicd. Make records of behavior exhibited by clients treated in therapy

8. In a study of the effects of alcohol on driving, the control group should be given:a. A high dosage of alcoholb. One-half the dosage given to the experimental groupc. A driving tests before and after drinking alcohol

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d. No alcohol at all

9. Abraham Maslow proposed a need to develop one’s potential and be the best that one can be. This concept is known as:

a. Self-imageb. Self-concept

c. Self-esteemd. Self-actualization

10. Developmental psychologists study the effects of __________ on behavior.

a. Marketingb. Learning disabilities

c. Agingd. Hormones

11. Which of the following psychologists was a Structuralist?a. B.F. Skinnerb. John Watsonc. Wilhelm Wundtd. William Jamese. Ivan Pavlov

12. A psychologist who is “eclectic” can best be described as:

a. Rejecting determinism in favor of free willb. Cognitive rather than behavioral

c. Drawing from many psychological approachesd. Preferring pseudo-psychological approaches

13. The goals of psychology are to:

a. Develop effective methods of psychotherapyb. Describe, predict, understand and control behavior

c. Explain the functioning of the human mindd. Compare, analyze and control human behavior

14. A study to determine the degree of relationship between two events is called:

a. A naturalistic observationb. A correlational study

c. A controlled experimentd. The survey method

15. Freud believed that all thoughts and actions are determined by:

a. The first year of lifeb. Forces in the personality that often unconscious

c. Needs for love and self-esteemd. The drive for self-actualization

16. Which of the following could serve as an experimental hypothesis?a. Although 25% of U.S. drivers say that they use the seatbelts in their cars, only 14% really dob. A case history of multiple personality appeared to be caused by traumatic childhood experiencesc. College women who are anxious tend to want to spend time togetherd. As the temperature increases, the number of hit batters in baseball increases

17. Mariah is a psychologist. In her work with clients, she diagnoses and treats psychological problems and disorders. Mariah works in the field of:

a. Cognitive psychologyb. Developmental psychologyc. Biological psychologyd. Clinical psychologye. Quantitative psychology

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18. To be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship exists, it is necessary to:

a. Engage in naturalistic observationb. Develop a positive correlation

c. Perform a controlled experimentd. Test for a negative correlation

19. Which of the following psychologists used the humanistic approach?a. Sigmund Freudb. Abraham Maslowc. B.F. Skinnerd. John Watsone. Edward Titchener

20. Which of the following represents an empirical statement?a. Government experts agree that a future downturn in the economy is likelyb. The temperature today is higher than it was a year agoc. IQ is defined as mental age, divided by age in years, times 100d. Grandmothers know best

21. The first psychology laboratory was established by:a. Edward Titchenerb. William Jamesc. John B. Watsond. Wilhelm Wundte. Sigmund Freud

22. A researcher determines that the crime rate in a large city fluctuates with the phases of the moon. He concludes that the gravitational pull of the moon directly influences human behavior. He committed which of the following errors?

a. He incorrectly inferred correlation from causationb. He incorrectly inferred causation from correlationc. He failed to measure the gravitational pull to test his hypothesisd. He has overlooked the placebo effect

23. John B. Watson would be most likely to agree with the beliefs of which of the following psychologists?a. Abraham Maslowb. Max Wertheimerc. William Jamesd. B.F. Skinnere. Wilhelm Wundt

24. Which perspective would most likely explain anger as “an outlet for unconscious hostility”?a. Socio-Culturalb. Psychodynamicc. Behavioral d. Functionaliste. Biological

25. One of the limitations of the case study is that:a. There are few subjects for which it is applicableb. There are no control groupsc. It is not applicable to the study of bizarre behaviord. It requires a large and expensive sample size

26. In an experiment to find out if taking Ginseng increases IQ scores, the IQ scores would be:

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a. The independent variableb. A control variable

c. An extraneous variabled. The dependent variable

27. You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. The psychologist talks to you about your past and attempts to link your present situation with patterns developed in your childhood and your relationship with your parents. This psychologist would most likely belong to which of the following schools of psychological thought?

a. Humanisticb. Psychodynamic

c. Behaviorismd. Gestalt

28. A friend states that since he has been taking vitamin C, he has not had a single cold. His observation has little value in assessing the effects of vitamin C because:

a. There was no control group for comparisonb. He has not calculated a correlation coefficientc. Of the effect of the observer on the observedd. He does not specify his dosage of vitamin C

29. Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when:a. They are assigned to experimental and control groups from a sample which is representative of the larger populationb. They each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control groupc. They are assigned to experimental and control groups so that the groups differ on some critical variable before the experiment

beginsd. Neither the experimenter nor the subject knows whether the subject is in the experimental or control group

30. You see a psychologists and tell her that you are feeling depressed. The psychologist focuses on those activities that make you feel depressed, and she talks with you about changing these activities and doing things that make you happy. This psychologist would most likely belong to which of the following schools of psychological thought?

a. Humanisticb. Psychodynamic

c. Behaviorismd. Gestalt

31. Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the strongest relationship between two sets of variables?

a. -0.98b. 0.90

c. 0.00d. 1.20

32. An experimenter conducts an experiment on the effects of a drug to control hallucinations. He declares the results to be “statistically significant,” which usually means that:

a. Even though appropriate statistics were used, no differences could be detected between experimental and control groupsb. The results have important implications for theory or practicec. Differences between experimental and control groups of this size occur by chance only 5 times out of 100 (or less)d. Differences between experimental and control groups were so large they could never occur by chance alone

33. You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you make in your life. This psychologist would most likely belong to which of the following schools of psychological thought?

a. Humanisticb. Psychodynamic

c. Behaviorismd. Gestalt

34. We wish to test the hypothesis that music improves learning. We compare the test scores of students who study to music with those who study in silence. Which of the following is an extraneous variable in this experiment?

a. The presence or absence of music b. The students’ test scores

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c. The amount of time allowed for studying d. Silence

35. A correlation coefficient of -1.09 indicates a(n):

a. Strong positive correlationb. Strong negative correlation

c. Cause-and-effect relationshipd. Error in computation

36. To prevent ethical abuse in psychological research, the APA has suggested that:a. Psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s dignityb. Psychologists must avoid deception when using human subjectsc. All data collected from a person must be made publicd. All psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling

37. The effects of brain injury on personality would usually be investigated by the use of the:

a. Experimental methodb. Case study method

c. Naturalistic observation methodd. Survey method

38. In a weight-reduction experiment, an overweight individual was given what the researcher called a new type of diet pill that would help curb the desire to eat. In fact, the pill only contained powdered milk; however, ever since the individual started taking the pill, he has reported that his desire to eat has decreased. This illustrates the:

a. Curvilinear relationshipb. Effect of extraneous variables

c. Natural experimentd. Placebo effect

39. The science of behavior and mental processes best definesa. Philosophyb. Cognitive neurosciencec. Basic researchd. Applied researche. Psychology

40. The debate on the relative contributions of biology and experience to human development is most often referred to as:

a. Evolutionary analysisb. Behaviorismc. The cognitive revolution

d. The nature-nurture issuee. Natural selection

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