A Culture in Conflict

1919-1939

Physics

• Marie and Pierre Curie begin experimenting with radioactivity

Science

• Einstein advances his theory of relativity

Psychology

• Freud pioneers psychoanalysis (lying on the couch) and develops theories about unconscious and subconscious

Art Movements

• Fauvist Movement, 1905-1908• Cubist Movement, 1900s-1930s• Dada Movement, 1916-1922• Surrealist Movement, 1920s-

1960s• Social Commentary Movement,

1900s-1950s• Bauhaus/International Style,

1920s-1930s

Fauvism

Cubism

• Shows artist’s conception of a new world with own system of order

• reduces nature to basic shapes

Georges Braque

• Considered by some art historians to precede Picasso in coining term and movement

• focuses on simultaneous views of object

Picasso

• Most famous cubist artist

• has Blue Period & Rose Period

• influenced by African tribal art

• synthetic and analytic cubism

Dada

• Short movement• focuses on

machine-produced utilitarian articles as art

• Bauhaus Movement grows out of this, as well as modern art

Marcel Duchamp

Hans Arp

Max Ernst

Abstract Art

• Paul Klee

Vasily Kandinsky

Surrealism

• Mocks the rationalist views of Western Civilization

• focuses on dreams and irrational thoughts

• Movement is still in evidence today

Surrealism

• Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory, 1931

Rene Magritte• Considered first surrealist• attempted to show dream experiences in which

recognizable forms appear in surprising combinations

Joan Miro

• surrealist• borders on

modern art due to lack of common ground with viewer

• also produced ceramic works

Miro’s Works

Social Commentary Movement

• Points out injustices through artwork

• Examples of Spanish Civil War, World War I, and Latin American problems

Picasso’s Guernica 1937

Kathe Kollwitz

Architecture

• Frank Lloyd Wright – function should determine form

The Guggenheim

Hollyhock House

Marin County Civic Center

Weltzheimer House

Bauhaus

• Follows Dada Movement in art• Focuses on idea of “art follows function”• No need for ornamentation• lays groundwork for Modern Architecture

Movement

Literature

• “Loss of faith” writers: T.S. Eliot and Ernest Hemingway

• Stream of consciousness writers: James Joyce and Virginia Woolf

Radio

• The new invention of the radio creates mass culture

Jazz

• Pioneered by African Americans, combines Western harmonies with African rhythms

Women and Society

• Flappers shocked their elders

• Some progress was made: suffrage, higher education, more acceptance into new fields such as science and art