a critique on sla: behaviorist theory and cognitive theory difference
TRANSCRIPT
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Ladhva Sagarkumar G.Roll No. 25
Enrollment No: 14101022Semester – M.A. Sem. 3
Paper : 12(English language teaching)Year :2015- 16
Email. Id : [email protected]
Topic:- A critique on SLA: Behaviorist theory and Cognitive theory differences.
Submitted to:
Smt. S.B. Gardi Department of English
M.K.Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar.
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Second language acquisition• Researches and focuses on the
developing knowledge and use of a language by children and adults who already know at least one other language.
• About 25 years ago, a psychologist named Stephen Krashen transformed language teaching. He had been developing his ideas over a number of years, but several books he published in the 1980s received general acceptance.
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• Much has been made of Krashen's theory of second language acquisition, which consists of five main hypotheses:
The acquisition learning hypothesis
the monitor hypothesis,
the natural order hypothesis,
the input hypothesis, and
the affective filter hypothesis.
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Effects
How to understand
Learning Theory?
Emotional
Cognitive
Environmental
influences
Former experience
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Learning
acquisition
conscious
subconscious
knowing aboutpick up
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• Learning theories are conceptual Frameworks describing how information is absorbed processed and retained during learning. Learning a language, on the other hand, is a conscious process, much like what one experiences in school. New knowledge or language forms are represented consciously in the learner's mind, frequently in the form of language "rules" and "grammar" and the process often involves error correction.
Learning theory
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• The Acquisition – Learning Distinction
AcquisitionSub-conscious
by environment(Ex: games,
Movies, radio)
Picking up words
LearningConscious by
instructorsCorrect errors
Knowing aboutGrammar rules
SLA
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Behaviorists looks at
Behaviorist theory
Mentalist theory
Learning and
The acquisition
of native languages
Aspect of conditioning
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Behaviorism
Language development as habit formation;A person learning an L2 starts with the habits formed in L1 (transfer)These habits interfere with the new ones needed for the second language.
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Cognitivity • Cognitive means of relating to, being or
involving conscious intellectual activity.• Cognitive theory came about as a reaction
to behaviorism
Discerning
Remembering
factual knowledge
Intellectual activity as
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Psychology and Cognitionunderstanding of knowledge
formation of beliefs
and attitudes
decision making
problem solving
Psychological process in acquisition
Psychology and
Cognition
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Some behaviorist theorists are:
B. F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
J. B. Watson
Thorndike
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• Edward L. Thorndike's pioneer investigations in the fields of human and animal learning are among the most influential in the history of Psychology.
• The Behaviorist theory depends on the analysis of human behavior.
Thorndike
The theory of stimulus response
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• “The behaviorist theory of stimulus- response learning, particularly as developed in the operant conditioning model of Skinner, considers all learning to be the establishment of habit as a result of reinforcement and reward.”
Stimulus- Response
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Cognitive theory is:Replaced
Behavioristic theory in the
1960s
Involve active thinking
Teacher’s active role
Stresses prior
knowledge
Interested in how students understand
material
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Major contributors of Cognitive theory
Allan Paivio
Howard Gardner
Benjamin Bloom
Robert Gagne
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Divisions of the theory• Cognitive theory domain is “the student’s
intellectual ability.”• Benjamin Bloom’s cognitive theory is
divided into:Analyze
Evaluate
Apply
Remember
Create
Understating
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According to cognitive theory activities like thinking and remembering seem like a behavior.It provides an avenue to use behavior analysis to measure their effect of learning.
Behavior is an
activity of
Thinking Remembering
Cognitive Theory stems from traditional psychological concepts of thinking. Cognitivists view activities such as thinking, deciding, and remembering in terms of how they underlie behavior.
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Rewarding
Reinforcement
Imitation Scope of behaviorist
theory
Conditioning Rewarding
Generalization
Process of learning in behaviorist
theory
Behaviorist theory
Behaviorism: emphasizing stimuli and responses, but ignoring the mental processes that are involved in learning.
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To Sum up…..
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