a course in engineering biomechanics - cnx.org1.1.pdf/a...1.1.2 production, printing and assembling...

A course in Engineering Biomechanics

By:Benjamin S. Kelley


By:Benjamin S. Kelley

Online:< http://cnx.org/content/col10759/1.1/ >

C O N N E X I O N S

Rice University, Houston, Texas

This selection and arrangement of content as a collection is copyrighted by Benjamin S. Kelley. It is licensed under

the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

Collection structure revised: July 29, 2009

PDF generated: October 27, 2012

For copyright and attribution information for the modules contained in this collection, see p. 44.

Table of Contents

1 Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Lectures notes and readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Attributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

iv

Available for free at Connexions <http://cnx.org/content/col10759/1.1>


1

2 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONS

Chapter 1

Introductions1

Figure 1.1

1This content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m29709/1.1/>.


3

1.1 Acknowledgements

1.1.1 Resource Preparation Assistance

Mr. B. Rhett RigbyMechanical Engineering Graduate StudentBaylor University

1.1.2 Production, Printing and Assembling Assistance

Ms. Leigh Ann MarshallDirector of AdvancementMs. Cheryl A. TuckerAssistant to the DeanSchool of Engineering and Computer ScienceBaylor University

1.1.3 Course Notes and Lectures

Dr. Brian A. GarnerAssociate Professor of Mechanical EngineeringBaylor University

1.1.4 Program Coordination

MSc. Vu Duy HaiLecturer, Researcher, PhD. CandidateDepartment of Electronics Technology and Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Electronics and TelecommunicationsHanoi University of Technology

1.1.5 Program Support

Vietnam Education Foundation (USA)Dr. Van-Toi Vo, Executive DirectorDr. Lynne McNamara, Deputy Executive DirectorMs. Lana Walbert, Director of Finance, Accounting & AdministrationDr. Phuong Nguyen, Country DirectorMs. Binh Dang, Program Manager


4 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONS



5

6 CHAPTER 2. LECTURES NOTES AND READINGS

Chapter 2

Lectures notes and readings1

Chapter # Title Power Point

Slices to down-

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Readings to

download

References

1 Course Expecta-tions

1-Slides-CourseIntro.pdf2

1-ReadingSyllibus&DesignProjBiomechanics.pdf3

2 Introduction: His-tory

2-Slides - His-tory.pdf4

2-Reading - Cam-bridge.pdf5

Either C. andSimmons C. In-troductory Biome-chanics: FromCells to Organ-isms. CambridgeUniversity Press:Cambridge, 2007.<http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/41122/excerpt/9780521841122_excerpt.pdf6>.

Hedge A., 2008.Structure andFunction of theMusculoskeletalSystem. Cor-nell University.<http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/studentdownloads/DEA3250pdfs/biomechanics.pdf7>.

Nierengarten M.,2005. Chapter6: BiomechanicalFoundations ofPhysical Educa-tion and Sport.University of Min-nesota Duluth.<www.d.umn.edu/∼mniereng/documents/chap6.ppt8>.Ploeg H., 2008.BME 515: Pros-thetic Joints.University ofWisconsin-Madison.<http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/getbig/bme/515/tompkins/lecturesli/prostheticjoints2007.pdf9>.

Prendergast P.,2008. Introduc-tion to Biome-chanics: ImplantEngineering andTissue Mechanics.Trinity Centre forBioengineering.<http://www.tcd.ie/bioengineering/documents/IntroBiomech2008.pdf10>.

Thomas S. andSupan T., 1990.A Compari-son of CurrentBiomechanicalTerms. Journalof Prosthetics &Orthotics.2(2):107-114.<http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/1990_02_107.asp11>.

3 Introduction toDesign: TheProcess

3-Slides- Design-Process.pdf12

3-Reading-EngrDesignProcess.pdf13

ABET Inc., ABET2009-2010 Criteriafor Accredit-ing EngineeringProgram, pg. 2-3,<http://abet.org/LinkedDocuments-UPDATE/Criteriaand PP/E001 09-10 EAC Criteria12-01-08.pdf14>.

Karsnitz, J.R.,O'Brien, S.,Hutchinson, J.P.,2008, EngineeringDesign: An Intro-duction, DelmarCengage Learning,<http://cengagesites.com/academic/?site=3022&section=315>

NASA Engi-neering DesignChallenge, 2009,<http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/plantgrowth/reference/Eng_Design_5-12.html16>

Strong, D., 2009,The EngineeringDesign Process,University ofVictoria, Facultyof Engineer-ing, Version 1.2,<http://www.design.engr.uvic.ca/uploads/engr400-designprocess.pdf17>

continued on next page

1This content is available online at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/1.1/>.


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4 Kinetics:Forces(Linear velocities,accelerations)

4-Slides - Kinet-ics.pdf18

4-Reading - Sell-ers.pdf19

Bajekal R., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Hip. Bartsand the Lon-don Basic Science.<www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/20bajekal_hip_biomechanics21.pdf22>.

Jung I., 2008.Chapter 13 Ki-netics of Par-ticles: Energyand MomentumMethods. SaintMartin's College.<http://homepages.stmartin.edu/fac_sta�/ijung/chapt13_kineticsof particle_ en-ergy and momen-tum.ppt23>.

Sellers B., 2006.Fundamentalsof Biomechan-ics. Universityof Manchester.<http://homepage.mac.com/wis/Personal/lectures/biomechanics/BiomechanicsLectures.pdf24>.

Sterner R., 2008.BiomechanicalConcepts of Lin-ear Kinetics.Rowan University.<http://users.rowan.edu/∼sterner/ATKinesiology/Lecture/BiomechanicalConceptsofLinearKinetics.ppt25>.




5 Introductionto Design:TheReport

5-Slides- DesignReport.pdf26

5-Reading-DesignReportGuidelines.pdf27

Florida At-lantic Univer-sity, EngineeringDesign-ED2 Re-port Guidelines,www.writing.engr.edu/workboods/design.html28,4 pps, accessedJanuary 2009.

6 Kinematics 6-Slides - Kine-matics.pdf29

6-Reading- Robert-sonch5pt1.pdf30;6-Reading- Robert-sonch5pt2.pdf31

Biolab, 2008. AnIntroduction toAngular Kine-matics. TheHigher Edu-cation Academy.<www.biolab.org.uk/�les/ang_Kinematics/32lecture_introduction33.34ppt35>.

Ekwue E., 2008.ME13A: Engi-neering Statics,Chapter Two:Statics of Parti-cles. University ofthe West Indies.<www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/36me13achapter1and237.38ppt39>.

Gabauer D.,2008. Engineer-ing Mechanics:Statics. VirginiaTech University.<www.cib.vt.edu/pdfs/Statics.ppt40>.

Hall C., 2008.Attitude Kine-matics. VirginiaTech University.<www.aoe.vt.edu/∼cdhall/courses/aoe4140/41kinematics42.43ppt44>.Legh B., 2009.High PerformanceStrength andConditioning.University ofBritish Columbia.<www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/45303notes146.47ppt48>.

Rabiei A., 2007.Vector Mechan-ics for Engi-neers: Statics,Introduction.North CarolinaState University.<http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch01.ppt49>.

Rabiei A., 2007.Vector Mechan-ics for Engi-neers: Statics,Equilibrium ofRigid Bodies.North CarolinaState University.<www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch04.50ppt51>.

Robertson D.,2009. Chapter5: Kinematics,Part 1: Lin-ear Kinematics.School of HumanKinetics, Univer-sity of Ottawa.<http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/lkinem.pdf52>.

Robertson D.,2009. Chapter5: Kinematics,Part 2: Pro-jectile Motion.School of HumanKinetics, Univer-sity of Ottawa.<http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/projectl.pdf53>.

Robertson D.,2009. Chapter5: Kinematics,Part 3: Angu-lar Kinematics.School of HumanKinetics, Univer-sity of Ottawa.<http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/akinem.pdf54>.



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7 Introductionto Design:ThePresentation

7-Slides-TechnicalPresentations.pdf55

7-Reading-TechnicalPresentations.pdf56

Hall, Damon,Electrical En-gineering De-partment, Uni-versity of Utah,www.ece.utah.edu/∼cfurse/CLEAR/speaking/Handouts/Techslide57presentation58.ppt59

-, 38 pps, accessedJanuary 2009.

Florida At-lantic Univer-sity, EngineeringDesign-ED2 Re-port Guidelines,www.writing.engr.edu/workboods/design.html60,4 pps, accessedJanuary 2009.

Presentation Tips-How to Struc-ture a TechnicalPresentation,www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/∼kech0001/ifs/ex-en/tech_exercises/Technical_English_presentations.pdf61,accessed January,6 pps, 2009.




8 Statics:Basics 8-Slides - Stat-ics.pdf62

8-Reading- Robert-sonch3pt1.pdf63;8-Reading- Robert-sonch3pt2.pdf64;8-Reading- Robert-sonch4.pdf65

Ekwue E., 2008.ME13A: Engi-neering Statics,Chapter Two:Statics of Parti-cles. University ofthe West Indies.<www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/66me13achapter1and267.68ppt69>.


Katafygiotis L.,2008. Engineer-ing Mechanics:Statics, TeachingSlides Chapter2: Vectors. TheHong Kong Uni-versity of Scienceand Technology.<http://teaching.ust.hk/∼civl113/download/ch02a.ppt71>.Rabiei A., 2007.Vector Mechan-ics for Engi-neers: Statics,Introduction.North CarolinaState University.<http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch01.ppt72>.

Robertson D.,2009. Chap-ter 3: Statics,Part 1: Grav-ity and Forces.School of HumanKinetics, Univer-sity of Ottawa.<http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/statics1.pdf73>.

Robertson D.,2009. Chapter3: Statics, Part2: Levers andMoments of Force.School of HumanKinetics, Univer-sity of Ottawa.<http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/statics2.pdf74>.

Robertson D.,2009. Chapter4: Dry Friction.School of HumanKinetics, Univer-sity of Ottawa.<http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/friction.pdf75>.



11

9 HumanAnatomy:MusculoskeletalSystem

9-Slides �Anatomy.pdf76

9-Reading -Anatomy.pdf77

2008. Chapter32 of Spring2008 EMT-BClass.. Spotsyl-vania VolunteerRescue Squad.<www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/78CH32_IB79.ppt80>.

Ames, S. Ap-plied Anatomyand Physiol-ogy: A CaseStudy Approach,Chapter 5. Wind-sor High School.<www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/81AP_CH0582.ppt83>.

Farr G., 2003.The Body: TheMusculoskeletalSystem. BecomeHealthy Now.com.<http://www.becomehealthynow.com/category/bodymusculo/84>.

Garner B., 2003.Lecture 13 �Anatomy I. BaylorUniversity.

Yancey P., 2007.The Human Skele-ton. WhitmanCollege.




10 Statics:Bioapplications10-Slides - Stat-ics.pdf85

10-Reading -Goyal-4.pdf86


Goyal M., 2004.EngineeringBiomechanics:Statics. Universityof Puerto Rico.<http://academic.uprm.edu/∼mgoyal/staticsmay2004/i14may04list.pdf88>.Iatridis J., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Knee. Univer-sity of Vermont.<http://www.cem.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/knee_biomechanics.pdf89>.Justice B., 2005.Biomechanicsof Fracture andFixation. SanFrancisco Or-thopaedic Resi-dency Program.<http://www.sforp.org/LectureArchives/Trauma/Biomechanicsof Fracture andFixation Justice10.3.2005.ppt90>.

Nierengarten M.,2005. Chapter6: BiomechanicalFoundations ofPhysical Educa-tion and Sport.University of Min-nesota Duluth.<www.d.umn.edu/∼mniereng/documents/chap6.ppt91>.



13

11 Human Anatomy:Simple & Articu-lating Joints

11-Slides -Anatomy.pdf92

11-Reading - Har-mony.pdf93


Biology: TheHuman Skeleton.Second LevelSupport Service.<www.biology.slss.ie/resources/97Human9899Skeleton100.101ppt102>.

Garner B., 2003.Joint Anatomy �Part 1. BaylorUniversity.

Joint Anatomyand Basic Biome-chanics. Har-mony Medical.<http://www.harmonymedical.co.uk/assets/0000/4809/namein.pdf103>.




12 Mechanics of Ma-terials: Stress andStrain

12-Slides - Me-chanics of Materi-als.pdf104

12-Reading -Rezaei.pdf105

Grimm M. andAtkinson T., 2002.Structure andFunction ArticularCartilage. WayneState University.<http://ttb.eng.wayne.edu/∼grimm/BME5210/Lecture7.pdf106>.

Le T., 2005.Biomechanics ofFractures andFixation. Or-thopaedic TraumaAssociation.<www.ota.org/res_slide/107G08_Biomechanics108.109ppt110>.

No�al G., 2006.Chapter 3 � Jointand MaterialsMechanics. Cali-fornia State Uni-versity, Fullerton.<faculty.fullerton.edu/gno�al/Courses/463Course/Chapter3 - biomechanics2.ppt>.

Rezaei A., 2006.Chapter 1: In-troduction �Concept of Stress.California StatePolytechnic Uni-versity, Pomona.<http://www.csupomona.edu/∼agrezaei/classes/ME218StrengthofMaterials/PowerpointPresentations/1_introduction.pdf111>.

Seeley M., 2008.Bone Biomechan-ics. BrighamYoung University.<http://neon.byu.edu/∼seeleym/exsc362(seeley)/chapter09_�les/bone_biomech.pdf112>.Wei Q., 2006.MEGR 3152:Mechanics andMaterials Labs,Lecture 02: Stress-strain Behaviorsof Certain Mate-rials. Universityof North Car-olina at Charlotte.<www.mees.uncc.edu/∼qwei/Teaching.htm/MEGR3152/Lec-tureNotes/Leture02.ppt113>.

continued on next pageAvailable for free at Connexions <http://cnx.org/content/col10759/1.1>

15

13 Getting Ac-quainted withElluminate

13-Reading#2ElluminateRef.pdf114;13-Reading#1ElluminateQuickRefGuide-v9.pdf115

2007. Partic-ipant's Guide:Version 8. El-luminate Live.<http://www.elluminate.com/support/docs/8.0/Elluminate_Live_V8_Participant_Guide.pdf116>.

14 Mechanics of Ma-terials: MaterialProperties

14-Slides - Me-chanics of Materi-als.pdf117

14-Reading - Reza-eich2pt1.pdf118;14-Reading - Reza-eich2pt2.pdf119

Gateway Engi-neering EducationCoalition, 2008.Stress and Strain:Lab 4. The OhioState University.<http://www.gatewaycoalition.org/�les/h192/labs/Lab5 - Stress andStrain/Lab 5- Stress andStrain.ppt120>.


Ong C., 2008.Chapter 2 Me-chanics of Ma-terials. TheHong Kong Poly-technic University.<http://ap.polyu.edu.hk/apacwong/MechanChap2.ppt121>.

Rezaei A., 2006.Chapter 2: Stressand Strain � AxialLoading Part 1.California StatePolytechnic Uni-versity, Pomona.<http://www.csupomona.edu/∼agrezaei/classes/ME218StrengthofMaterials/PowerpointPresentations/2_1_axial_loading.pdf122>.

Rezaei A., 2006.Chapter 2: Stressand Strain � AxialLoading Part 2.California StatePolytechnic Uni-versity, Pomona.<http://www.csupomona.edu/∼agrezaei/classes/ME218StrengthofMaterials/PowerpointPresentations/2_2_axial_loading.pdf123>.

Wei Q., 2006.MEGR 3152:Mechanics andMaterials Labs,Lecture 02: Stress-strain Behaviorsof Certain Mate-rials. Universityof North Car-olina at Charlotte.<www.mees.uncc.edu/∼qwei/Teaching.htm/MEGR3152/Lec-tureNotes/Leture02.ppt124>.

Zhang C., 2006.Metal Form-ing. Universityof Saskatchewan.<www.engr.usask.ca/classes/ME/330/win06-07/Handouts/125handout-7-metal126127forming_Mar1128.129ppt130>.




15 Introduction toStress/Bending

15-Slides - Stressand Bend-ing.pdf131

Brown E., 2004.Single Joint Sys-tem. MichiganState University.https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/132Lecture133

1 134Bone135136Kinematics137.138ppt139>.

Hornsey R., 2002.ENG2000 Chap-ter 7: Beams.York University.<http://www.cse.yorku.ca/course_archive/2002-03/F/ENG2000/ENG2000_7_beam_v1.ppt140>.


Rabiei A., 2007.Vector Mechanicsfor Engineers:Statics, Forces inBeams and Cables.North CarolinaState University.<http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch07.ppt141>.

Wang W-C.,2008. Chap-ter 6: Bending.National TsingHua University.<http://140.114.56.125/data/materialof mechan-ics/english/TeachingSlides/ch06.ppt142>.



17

16 AdvancedStress/Bending:NeutralAxis, Parallel AxisTheorem

16-Slides -AdvancedStress.pdf143

16-Reading -Rapo�.pdf144

2009. Bend-ing of Beams.The Univer-sity of Auckland.<http://rommet.com/remco/MoM/MOMSection2.2.ppt145>.

Hornsey R., 2002.ENG2000 Chap-ter 7: Beams.York University.<http://www.cse.yorku.ca/course_archive/2002-03/F/ENG2000/ENG2000_7_beam_v1.ppt146>.

Justice B., 2005.Biomechanicsof Fracture andFixation. SanFrancisco Or-thopaedic Resi-dency Program.<http://www.sforp.org/LectureArchives/Trauma/Biomechanicsof Fracture andFixation Justice10.3.2005.ppt147>.


Rabiei A., 2007.Vector Mechan-ics for Engi-neers: Statics,DistributedForces: Mo-ments of Inertia.North CarolinaState University.<http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch09.ppt152>.

Rapo� A.,2007. Ad-vanced Mechanicsof Materials.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER440/Module1/Cook &Young Chap-ter 1.pdf153>.

Wang W-C.,2008. Chap-ter 6: Bending.National TsingHua University.<http://140.114.56.125/data/materialof mechan-ics/english/TeachingSlides/ch06.ppt154>.




17 Structure of Bone 17-Slides -Bone.pdf155

17-Reading -Yun.pdf156




Garner B., 2004.Bone. Baylor Uni-versity.

Cornwall M., 1984.Biomechanics ofNoncontractileTissue. Phys-ical Therapy64(12): 1869-1873.<http://www.ptjournal.org/cgi/reprint/64/12/1869.pdf168>.

Gillet P., 2008.Mechanics ofBones. Mon-te�ore Institute.<www.monte�ore.ulg.ac.be/systems/GBIO/gbio001/169chap_2.3.pdf170>.

Hammoudi D.,2007. Bone andJoints: Introduc-tion. Sinoe Med-ical Association.<http://sinoemedicalassociation.org/AP/lectureBone.pdf171>.

Nather N., OngH., and Aziz Z.,2009. Struc-ture of Bone.World Scienti�c.<http://www.worldscibooks.com/medsci/etextbook/5695/5695_chap01.pdf172>.

Rapo� A., 2007.Function & Struc-ture of Bone.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER440/Module4/Function &Structure ofBone.pdf173>.

Seeley M., 2008.Bone Biomechan-ics. BrighamYoung University.<http://neon.byu.edu/∼seeleym/exsc362(seeley)/chapter09_�les/bone_biomech.pdf174>.Yun M., 2002.Bone Structure.Pohang Univer-sity of Scienceand Technology.<www.postech.ac.kr/class/ie643/hmboard/�le/175Bone176177Structure178.doc179>.



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18 Mechanical Prop-erties of Bone

18-Slides -Bone.pdf180

18-Reading -Christopher.pdf181



Christopher G.,2007. SkeletalConsiderationsfor Movement.Texas Women'sUniversity.<http://www.twu.edu/biom/2593Lect/SkeletalConsidera-tions for Move-ment.pdf190>.

Gillet P., 2008.Mechanics ofBones. Mon-te�ore Institute.<www.monte�ore.ulg.ac.be/systems/GBIO/gbio001/191chap_2.3.pdf192>.

Imholtz A., 2005.Skeletal Sys-tem. PrinceGeorge's Com-munity College.<http://academic.pgcc.edu/∼aimholtz/AandP/LectureNotes/ANP1_Lec/Skeletal/BoneTissue.ppt193>.Le T., 2005.Biomechanics ofFractures andFixation. Or-thopaedic TraumaAssociation.<www.ota.org/res_slide/194G08_Biomechanics195.196ppt197>.

Rapo� A., 2007.Representa-tive Proper-ties of Bone.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER440/Module5/RepresentativeProperties ofBone.pdf198>.

Vanwanseele B.,2004. TissueBiomechanics:Bone. Uni-versity of Sydney.<http://www2.fhs.usyd.edu.au/ESS/sinclair/Projects/2004projL4aweb.pdf199>.



19 Fracture Mechan-ics and Breaks

19-Slides -Breaks.pdf200

19-Reading -Alms.pdf201


Alms M., 1961.Fracture Me-chanics. Journalof Bone andJoint Surgery43-B (1): 162.<http://www.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/reprint/43-B/1/162205>.

Al-Tayyar S.,2007. Introduc-tion to Ortho-pedic Biome-chanics. KingSaud University.<http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/4278/Documents/Conferencesand Sympo-siums Presenta-tions/Introductionto OrthopaedicBiomechan-ics.pdf206>.



Garner B., 2004.Bone. Baylor Uni-versity.

Imholtz A., 2005.Skeletal Sys-tem. PrinceGeorge's Com-munity College.<http://academic.pgcc.edu/∼aimholtz/AandP/LectureNotes/ANP1_Lec/Skeletal/BoneTissue.ppt215>.Justice B., 2005.Biomechanicsof Fracture andFixation. SanFrancisco Or-thopaedic Resi-dency Program.<http://www.sforp.org/LectureArchives/Trauma/Biomechanicsof Fracture andFixation Justice10.3.2005.ppt216>.

Ritchie R., KinneyJ., Kruzic J., andNalla R., 2006.Cortical BoneFracture. WileyEncyclopediaof Biomedi-cal Engineering.<http://www.lbl.gov/ritchie/Library/PDF/WileyBioEng En-cyc.pdf217>.

Seeley M., 2008.Bone Biomechan-ics. BrighamYoung University.<http://neon.byu.edu/∼seeleym/exsc362(seeley)/chapter09_�les/bone_biomech.pdf218>.



21

20 Fracture Mechan-ics and Healing

20-Slides - Heal-ing.pdf219

20-Reading -Kalfas.pdf220;20-Reading -Calgary.pdf221





Kalfas I., 2001.Principles ofBone Healing.NeurosurgicalFocus 10(4): 1-4.<http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/foc.2001.10.4.2?cookieSet=1234>.


OrthopedicTrauma Pro-gram, 2008.Stages of BoneHealing. AlbertaHealth Services.<http://www.calgaryhealthregion.ca/programs/orthopaedictrauma/pdf/pt_education/stages_of_bone_healing.pdf239>.

Vanwanseele B.,2004. TissueBiomechanics:Bone. Uni-versity of Sydney.<http://www2.fhs.usyd.edu.au/ESS/sinclair/Projects/2004projL4aweb.pdf240>.




21 Tendons/Ligaments:Structureand Properties

21-Slides - ten-don_ligament.pdf241

21-Reading - Hol-lister.pdf242

Garner B., 2003.Ligament. BaylorUniversity

Garner B., 2003.Tendon. BaylorUniversity

Hollister S.,2008. Structureand Function ofLigaments andTendons. Univer-sity of Michigan.<http://www.engin.umich.edu/class/bme456/ligten/ligten.htm243>.

Iatridis J., 2007.Tendon and Lig-ament Structureand Composi-tion. Univer-sity of Vermont.<http://www.emba.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/tendon_ligament_structure.pdf244>.Materials andTextiles, 2007.Hip and knee jointreplacements.University ofMassachusettswith Dart-mouth University.<http://www.tesumassd.org/courses/mtx105calvert/readings/hipknee.pdf245>.

Rapo� A., 2008.Mechanical Prop-erties of Ligamentand Tendon.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module4 Ligament & Ten-don/Martin Ch8 Ligament &Tendon.pdf246>.

Rapo� A., 2008.Ligament and Ten-don: Introduction.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module4 Ligament & Ten-don/IntroductionNotes.pdf247>.

Vanderby R.,2007. Liga-ment Mechan-ics. Universityof Wisconsin.<http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/get/bme/615/1vanderby/notes/ligament1.ppt248>.



23

22 Tendons/Ligaments:Mechanicaland ViscoelasticProperties

22-Slides - ten-don_ligament.pdf249


Al-Tayyar S.,2007. Introduc-tion to Ortho-pedic Biome-chanics. KingSaud University.<http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/4278/Documents/Conferencesand Sympo-siums Presenta-tions/Introductionto OrthopaedicBiomechan-ics.pdf251>.

Garner B., 2003.Ligament. BaylorUniversity.


Rapo� A., 2008.Viscoelastic-ity. Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module3 Viscoelastic-ity/Introduction.pdf253>.

Vanderby R.,2007. Liga-ment Mechan-ics. Universityof Wisconsin.<http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/get/bme/615/1vanderby/notes/ligament1.ppt254>.

Weiss J. and Gar-diner J., 2001.ComputationalModeling of Liga-ment Mechanics.Critical Reviews inBiomedical Engi-neering 29(4):1-70.<http://mrl.sci.utah.edu/papers/critrev.pdf255>.



23 Articular Carti-lage:Structure andFunction

23-Slides - Ar-ticular Carti-lage.pdf256

23-Reading - Man-sour.pdf257


Iatridis J., 2005.Structure andComposition ofArticular Car-tilage. Univer-sity of Vermont.<http://www.emba.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me301/cartilage_intro.pdf259>.James C-B. andUhl T., 2001.A Review ofArticular Carti-lage Pathologyand the Use ofGlucosamine Sul-fate. Journalof Athletic Train-ing 36(4): 413-419.<http://www.nata.org/jat/readers/archives/36.4/i1062-6050-036-04-0413.pdf260>.

Mansour J., 2000.Biomechanicsof Cartilage.Cartilage Health.<http://www.cartilagehealth.com/images/artcartbiomech.pdf261>.

Rapo� A., 2008.Function & Struc-ture of Artic-ular Cartilage.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module6 Articular Car-tilage/Function& Structure ofArticular Carti-lage.pdf262>.

Ziv I., 2009.Articular Car-tilage. Univer-sity at Bu�alo.<http://wings.bu�alo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/OrthopaedicBiomechan-ics/Lecture8a.pdf263>.



25

24 Articular Carti-lage:MechanicalProperties

24-Slides - Ar-ticular Carti-lage.pdf264



Iatridis J., 2005.Structure andComposition ofArticular Car-tilage. Univer-sity of Vermont.<http://www.emba.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me301/cartilage_intro.pdf267>.Rapo� A., 2008.Mechanical Prop-erties of Artic-ular Cartilage.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module6 Articular Car-tilage/MechanicalProperties ofArticular Carti-lage.pdf268>.

Ziv I., 2009.Articular Car-tilage. Univer-sity at Bu�alo.<http://wings.bu�alo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/OrthopaedicBiomechan-ics/Lecture8a.pdf269>.




25 Introduction toJoints:Structureand Function

25-Slides -Joints.pdf270



Arora N., 2008.Basic Anatomyand Basic Phys-iology. Natur-opathic Living.<http://www.naturopathicliving.com/media/pmti/babp_f08/Week6_SkeletalSysCont_Slides.pdf275>.

Essex H., 2006.The Skeleton.Dartford Tech-nology Col-lege throughTeachNet UK.<http://www.teachnet-uk.org.uk/2006Projects/PE-Bones_Muscles/the-skeleton.ppt276>.

Hoxha J., 2007.Chapter 8: Articu-lations and Move-ment. Chandler-Gilbert Com-munity College.<http://eport2.cgc.maricopa.edu/published/h/ox/hoxha/collection/3/6/upload.c-hoxha-3n6.pdf277>.

Mathis S., 2008.Joints (Articu-lations). CollinCounty Com-munity Col-lege District.<http://iws.ccccd.edu/smathis/A&PILecture/chap8a.ppt278>.

Rapo� A., 2007.Skeletal Tis-sue Mechanics.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER440/Module3/Martin Chapter1.pdf279>.


27

26 Introduction toJoints:Types andMovement

26-Slides - Joints-1.pdf280

Essex H., 2006.The Skeleton.Dartford Tech-nology Col-lege throughTeachNet UK.<http://www.teachnet-uk.org.uk/2006Projects/PE-Bones_Muscles/the-skeleton.ppt281>.

Hoxha J., 2007.Chapter 8: Articu-lations and Move-ment. Chandler-Gilbert Com-munity College.<http://eport2.cgc.maricopa.edu/published/h/ox/hoxha/collection/3/6/upload.c-hoxha-3n6.pdf282>.

IPRO 309 (Or-thotics and Pros-thetics Educa-tion in LatinAmerica), 2006.Range-of-Motion.Illinois Instituteof Technology.<http://www.iit.edu/∼ipro309f06/MMTandROM/ROM_Presentation.ppt283>.

Mathis S., 2008.Joints (Articu-lations). CollinCounty Com-munity Col-lege District.<http://iws.ccccd.edu/smathis/A&PILecture/chap8a.ppt284>.

Rapo� A., 2008.Joint Friction,Wear, andLubrication.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module6 Articular Car-tilage/Panjabi& White Ch 8Joints.pdf285>.




27 Implants:Devicesand Materials

27-Slides - Im-plants.pdf286

27-Reading -Goyal.pdf287

Alvarado J.,Maldonado R.,Marxuach J. andOtero R., 2003.Biomechanics ofHip and KneeProstheses. Ap-plications of Engi-neering Mechanicsin Medicine,GED � Univer-sity of PuertoRico Mayaguez.<http://academic.uprm.edu/∼mgoyal/materialsdec2003/m03hipkneeprostheses.pdf288>.Bajekal R., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Hip. Bartsand the Lon-don Basic Science.<www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/289bajekal_hip_biomechanics290.pdf291>.

Gough J., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Hip and Re-lated Science ofHip Arthroplasty.The Univer-sity of Liverpool.<http://musculoskeletalscience.co.uk/Documents/BIOMECHANICSOF THE HIPLECTURE 9THJULY.ppt292>.

Kelman D.,2006. Hip Prod-uct Review.Smith & Nephew.<http://global.smith-nephew.com/cps/rde/xbcr/smithnephewls_master/Hip_product_review.pdf293>.

Materials andTextiles, 2007.Hip and knee jointreplacements.University ofMassachusettswith Dart-mouth University.<http://www.tesumassd.org/courses/mtx105calvert/readings/hipknee.pdf294>.

Ploeg H., 2008.BME 515: Pros-thetic Joints.University ofWisconsin-Madison.<http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/getbig/bme/515/tompkins/lecturesli/prostheticjoints2007.pdf295>.

Pruitt L., 2007.Fractures andFailures. Uni-versity of Cali-fornia Berkeley.<http://www.me.berkeley.edu/ME117/S07/lectures/020807.ppt296>.

Rakotomanana L.,2001. The Long-Term Behaviourof Human Jointswith Orthope-dic Prostheses:Finite ElementModels. Uni-versity of Rennes.<http://perso.univ-rennes1.fr/lalaonirina.rakotomanana-ravelonarivo/th_implant-lecture.pdf297>.



29

28 Implants:BonePlate Analysis andDesign

28-Slides - BonePlate.pdf298

28-ReadingBonePlateBiomechanicsDesign-Kelley.pdf299



29 Knee Biomechan-ics:Structure andFunction

29-Slides - KneeBiomechan-ics.pdf305

29-Reading - BlueMedical.pdf306

Bertozzi L., 2008.BiomechanicalModelling ofHuman KneeDuring LivingActivities. Univer-sity of Bologna.<http://amsdottorato.cib.unibo.it/671/1/Tesi_Bertozzi_Luigi.pdf307>.

Blue Med-ical, 2007.Anatomy/Biomechanics.TheKneeDoc.<http://www.thekneedoc.co.uk/content.asp?section=3&parentID=3308>.

Garner B., 2003.Joint Anatomy.Baylor University.

Iatridis J., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Knee. Univer-sity of Vermont.<http://www.cem.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/knee_biomechanics.pdf309>.Peeler J., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Knee. Univer-sity of Winnipeg.

Scifers J., 2005.Knee Evaluation.Western Car-olina University.<http://paws.wcu.edu/jscifers/KneeEvaluation/KneeEvaluation(2005).ppt310>.




30 Knee Biomechan-ics:Movement andForces

30-Slides - KneeBiomechan-ics.pdf311

Crosby A., 2008.Knee Biome-chanics. Memo-rial University.<http://www.med.mun.ca/ortho/pages/Presentations/KneeBiomechan-ics.ppt312>.


Iatridis J., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Knee. Univer-sity of Vermont.<http://www.cem.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/knee_biomechanics.pdf313>.Lu T-W., 2004.Biomechanicsof the Knee.National Tai-wan University.<http://ntucas.twbbs.org/TSB-web/ConferenceInfo/2004/%E9%AA%A8%E7%A7%91%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83/Biomechanicsof TheKnee(%E5%91%82%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A6).doc314>.

Materials andTextiles, 2007.Hip and knee jointreplacements.University ofMassachusettswith Dart-mouth University.<http://www.tesumassd.org/courses/mtx105calvert/readings/hipknee.pdf315>.

McLeod W. andHunter S., 1980.BiomechanicalAnalysis of theKnee. Phys-ical Therapy60(12):1561-1564.<http://www.ptjournal.org/cgi/reprint/60/12/1561.pdf316>.

Peeler J., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Knee. Univer-sity of Winnipeg.



31

33 Hip:StructuralComponents

33-Slides - HipBiomechan-ics.pdf317

33-Reading- AboutJoints.pdf318

2009. Anatomyand Biome-chanics of theHip Relevantto Arthroplasy.About Joints.<http://aboutjoints.com/physicianinfo/topics/anatomyhip/biomechanicship.htm319>.


Hammoudi D.,2007. Bone andJoints: Introduc-tion. Sinoe Med-ical Association.<http://sinoemedicalassociation.org/AP/lectureBone.pdf320>.

Howard S.and Rivera D.,2001. The HipJoint. ValdostaState University.<http://coestudents.valdosta.edu/drivera/Pics/hip.ppt321>.

Maciel A., 2002.Biomechanics ofHip Joint Cap-sule. Swiss Na-tional Foundation.<http://vrlab.ep�.ch/∼amaciel/projects/HipJoint_summary.pdf322>.Paul J., 1966.The Biomechanicsof the Hip-jointand its Clini-cal Relevance.Proceedings ofthe Royal Soci-ety of Medicine59(10): 943-948.<http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1901095&blobtype=pdf323>.




34 Hip:BiomechanicalProperties

34-Slides - HipBiomechan-ics.pdf324

34-Reading- AboutJoints.pdf325

2009. Anatomyand Biome-chanics of theHip Relevantto Arthroplasy.About Joints.<http://aboutjoints.com/physicianinfo/topics/anatomyhip/biomechanicship.htm326>.

Bajekal R., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Hip. Bartsand the Lon-don Basic Science.<www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/327bajekal_hip_biomechanics328.pdf329>.

Gough J., 2008.Biomechanics ofthe Hip and Re-lated Science ofHip Arthroplasty.The Univer-sity of Liverpool.<http://musculoskeletalscience.co.uk/Documents/BIOMECHANICSOF THE HIPLECTURE 9THJULY.ppt330>.

Howard S.and Rivera D.,2001. The HipJoint. ValdostaState University.<http://coestudents.valdosta.edu/drivera/Pics/hip.ppt331>.

Stone T., 2002.Hip Biomechan-ics and Os-teotomies. Memo-rial University<http://www.med.mun.ca/ortho/pages/Presentations/HipBiomechan-ics and Os-teotomies.ppt332>.



33

35 Spine:StructuralComponents

35-Slides - SpineBiomechan-ics.pdf333

35-Reading - Ben-zel.pdf334

Benzel E.,Kayanja M.,Fleischman A.,and Roy S., 2006.Spine Biomechan-ics: Fundamentalsand Future. Clin-ical Neurosurgery53: 98-105.<http://www.neurosurgeon.org/publications/clinical/53/pdf/cnb00106000098.pdf335>.

Iatridis J.,2008. SpineAnatomy andFunction. Univer-sity of Vermont.<http://www.emba.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/spine_anatomy_function.pdf336>.Peeler J., 2008.Spine Biomechan-ics. University ofWinnipeg.

Troy M., 2008.Biomechanicsof the Spine.Western Car-olina University.<http://paws.wcu.edu/mtroy/PE423/Ch9overheads.doc337>.

Yang J., 2002.Biomechanicsof the Spine.San FranciscoOrthopaedic Res-idency Program.<http://www.sforp.org/LectureArchives/BasicSci-ence/Biomechanicsof the Spine Yang12.13.02.ppt338>.

Yoon S., 2006.Spine Curriculum:Lecture #1 �Basic PrinciplesSpinal Anatomy.Yoon Sung Hwan.<http://www.nsspine.co.kr/06_leftmenu/lecture/�les/10_spinalsurgicalanatomy.ppt339>.

Ziv I., 2009. SpineBiomechanics, In-tervertebral Disc& LBP. Univer-sity at Bu�alo.<http://wings.bu�alo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/OrthopaedicBiomechan-ics/Lecture12.ppt340>.




36 Spine:BiomechanicalProperties

36-Slides - SpineBiomechan-ics.pdf341


Iatridis J.,2008. SpineAnatomy andFunction. Univer-sity of Vermont.<http://www.emba.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/spine_anatomy_function.pdf343>.Peeler J., 2008.Spine Biomechan-ics. University ofWinnipeg.

Rapo� A., 2008.Spine Biomechan-ics. Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module7 IntervertebralDisc/Spine Biome-chanics.pdf344>.

Yang J., 2002.Biomechanicsof the Spine.San FranciscoOrthopaedic Res-idency Program.<http://www.sforp.org/LectureArchives/BasicSci-ence/Biomechanicsof the Spine Yang12.13.02.ppt345>

Ziv I., 2009. SpineBiomechanics, In-tervertebral Disc& LBP. Univer-sity at Bu�alo.<http://wings.bu�alo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/OrthopaedicBiomechan-ics/Lecture12.ppt346>.



35

38 Introduction toMuscle:Anatomy

38-Slides - Mus-cle.pdf347


Garner B., 2004.Human Muscles.Baylor University.

Ju M-S., 2004.Biomechanics ofSkeletal Muscle.National ChengKung University.<http://www.me.ncku.edu.tw/∼engblgy/research8/Biomechanicsof Skeletal Mus-cle.ppt349>.

Legh B., 2009.High PerformanceStrength andConditioning.University ofBritish Columbia.<www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/350303notes1351.352ppt353>.

Peeler J., 2008.Skeletal MuscleBiomechanics.University ofWinnipeg.

Rapo� A., 2008.Structure andFunction ofSkeletal Muscle.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module5 Skeletal Mus-cle/Brinckmannet al Chapter13.pdf354>.




39 Introduction toMuscle:Micro- andMacro-Structure


Brown E., 2004.Advanced Biome-chanics of PhysicalActivity: Mus-cle � Structure,Function, andElectromechanicalCharacteris-tics. MichiganState University.<https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Muscle.ppt356>.


Garner B., 2004.Muscle Physi-ology. BaylorUniversity.


Rapo� A., 2008.Skeletal Muscle.Union College.<http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module5 Skeletal Mus-cle/MuscleDetails.pdf361>.



37

40 Introduction toMuscle:Mechanics



Hamill J., 2008.Biomechanics ofSkeletal Mus-cle. Ergonet.<http://www.ergonet.com.br/download/biomechanics_skeletal.ppt363>.


Prestwich K.,2003. The Biome-chanics of SkeletalMuscles. HolyCross College.<http://www.holycross.edu/departments/biology/kprestwi/physiology/phys_pdf/Phys_Lect2_Contractility_pdf/Phys03_11_SkMusBiophys.pdf368>.

Seeley M., 2008.Muscle Mechanics:What Contributesto MuscularForce Produc-tion? BrighamYoung University.<http://neon.byu.edu/∼seeleym/exsc362(seeley)/chapter09_�les/muscle_and_tendon_biomech.pdf369>.

Table 2.1



2See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/1-Slides-CourseIntro.pdf>3See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/1-ReadingSyllibusandDesignProjBiomechanics.pdf>4See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/2-Slides - History.pdf>5See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/2-Reading - Cambridge.pdf>6http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/41122/excerpt/9780521841122_excerpt.pdf7http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/studentdownloads/DEA3250pdfs/biomechanics.pdf8http://www.d.umn.edu/∼mniereng/documents/chap6.ppt9http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/getbig/bme/515/tompkins/lecturesli/prostheticjoints2007.pdf

10http://www.tcd.ie/bioengineering/documents/IntroBiomech2008.pdf11http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/1990_02_107.asp12See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/3-Slides- DesignProcess.pdf>13See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/3-Reading-EngrDesignProcess.pdf>14http://abet.org/Linked Documents-UPDATE/Criteria and PP/E001 09-10 EAC Criteria 12-01-08.pdf15http://cengagesites.com/academic/?site=3022&section=316http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/plantgrowth/reference/Eng_Design_5-12.html17http://www.design.engr.uvic.ca/uploads/engr400-designprocess.pdf18See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/4-Slides - Kinetics.pdf>19See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/4-Reading - Sellers.pdf>20http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf21http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf22http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf23http://homepages.stmartin.edu/fac_sta�/ijung/chapt13_kinetics of particle_ energy and momentum.ppt24http://homepage.mac.com/wis/Personal/lectures/biomechanics/BiomechanicsLectures.pdf25http://users.rowan.edu/%7Esterner/ATKinesiology/Lecture/BiomechanicalConceptsofLinearKinetics.ppt26See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/5-Slides- Design Report.pdf>27See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/5-Reading-DesignReportGuidelines.pdf>28http://www.writing.engr.edu/workboods/design.html29See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/6-Slides - Kinematics.pdf>30See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/6-Reading - Robertsonch5pt1.pdf>31See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/6-Reading - Robertsonch5pt2.pdf>32http://www.biolab.org.uk/�les/ang_Kinematics/lecture_introduction.ppt33http://www.biolab.org.uk/�les/ang_Kinematics/lecture_introduction.ppt34http://www.biolab.org.uk/�les/ang_Kinematics/lecture_introduction.ppt35http://www.biolab.org.uk/�les/ang_Kinematics/lecture_introduction.ppt36http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/me13achapter1and2.ppt37http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/me13achapter1and2.ppt38http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/me13achapter1and2.ppt39http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/me13achapter1and2.ppt40http://www.cib.vt.edu/pdfs/Statics.ppt41http://www.aoe.vt.edu/∼cdhall/courses/aoe4140/kinematics.ppt42http://www.aoe.vt.edu/∼cdhall/courses/aoe4140/kinematics.ppt43http://www.aoe.vt.edu/∼cdhall/courses/aoe4140/kinematics.ppt44http://www.aoe.vt.edu/∼cdhall/courses/aoe4140/kinematics.ppt45http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt46http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt47http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt48http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt49http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch01.ppt50http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch04.ppt51http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch04.ppt52http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/lkinem.pdf53http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/projectl.pdf54http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/akinem.pdf55See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/7-Slides-TechnicalPresentations.pdf>56See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/7-Reading-TechnicalPresentations.pdf>57http://www.ece.utah.edu/∼cfurse/CLEAR/speaking/Handouts/Tech slide presentation.ppt58http://www.ece.utah.edu/∼cfurse/CLEAR/speaking/Handouts/Tech slide presentation.ppt59http://www.ece.utah.edu/∼cfurse/CLEAR/speaking/Handouts/Tech slide presentation.ppt60http://www.writing.engr.edu/workboods/design.html61http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/∼kech0001/ifs/ex-en/tech_exercises/Technical_English_presentations.pdf62See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/8-Slides - Statics.pdf>


39

63See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/8-Reading - Robertsonch3pt1.pdf>64See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/8-Reading - Robertsonch3pt2.pdf>65See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/8-Reading - Robertsonch4.pdf>66http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/me13achapter1and2.ppt67http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/me13achapter1and2.ppt68http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/me13achapter1and2.ppt69http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/notes/me13achapter1and2.ppt70http://www.cib.vt.edu/pdfs/Statics.ppt71http://teaching.ust.hk/∼civl113/download/ch02a.ppt72http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch01.ppt73http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/statics1.pdf74http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/statics2.pdf75http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa2313/friction.pdf76See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/9-Slides � Anatomy.pdf>77See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/9-Reading - Anatomy.pdf>78http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt79http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt80http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt81http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt82http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt83http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt84http://www.becomehealthynow.com/category/bodymusculo/85See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/10-Slides - Statics.pdf>86See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/10-Reading - Goyal-4.pdf>87http://www.cib.vt.edu/pdfs/Statics.ppt88http://academic.uprm.edu/∼mgoyal/staticsmay2004/i14may04list.pdf89http://www.cem.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/knee_biomechanics.pdf90http://www.sforp.org/Lecture Archives/Trauma/Biomechanics of Fracture and Fixation Justice 10.3.2005.ppt91http://www.d.umn.edu/∼mniereng/documents/chap6.ppt92See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/11-Slides - Anatomy.pdf>93See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/11-Reading - Harmony.pdf>94http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt95http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt96http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt97http://www.biology.slss.ie/resources/Human Skeleton.ppt98http://www.biology.slss.ie/resources/Human Skeleton.ppt99http://www.biology.slss.ie/resources/Human Skeleton.ppt

100http://www.biology.slss.ie/resources/Human Skeleton.ppt101http://www.biology.slss.ie/resources/Human Skeleton.ppt102http://www.biology.slss.ie/resources/Human Skeleton.ppt103http://www.harmonymedical.co.uk/assets/0000/4809/namein.pdf104See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/12-Slides - Mechanics of Materials.pdf>105See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/12-Reading - Rezaei.pdf>106http://ttb.eng.wayne.edu/∼grimm/BME5210/Lecture7.pdf107http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt108http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt109http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt110http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt111http://www.csupomona.edu/∼agrezaei/classes/ME218StrengthofMaterials/PowerpointPresentations/1_introduction.pdf112http://neon.byu.edu/%7Eseeleym/exsc362%28seeley%29/chapter09_�les/bone_biomech.pdf113http://www.mees.uncc.edu/∼qwei/Teaching.htm/MEGR 3152/LectureNotes/Leture 02.ppt114See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/13-Reading>115See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/13-Reading>116http://www.elluminate.com/support/docs/8.0/Elluminate_Live_V8_Participant_Guide.pdf117See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/14-Slides - Mechanics of Materials.pdf>118See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/14-Reading - Rezaeich2pt1.pdf>119See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/14-Reading - Rezaeich2pt2.pdf>120http://www.gatewaycoalition.org/�les/h192/labs/Lab 5 - Stress and Strain/Lab 5 - Stress and Strain.ppt121http://ap.polyu.edu.hk/apacwong/MechanChap2.ppt122http://www.csupomona.edu/∼agrezaei/classes/ME218StrengthofMaterials/PowerpointPresentations/2_1_axial_loading.pdf123http://www.csupomona.edu/∼agrezaei/classes/ME218StrengthofMaterials/PowerpointPresentations/2_2_axial_loading.pdf



124http://www.mees.uncc.edu/∼qwei/Teaching.htm/MEGR 3152/LectureNotes/Leture 02.ppt125http://www.engr.usask.ca/classes/ME/330/win06-07/Handouts/handout-7-metal forming_Mar1.ppt126http://www.engr.usask.ca/classes/ME/330/win06-07/Handouts/handout-7-metal forming_Mar1.ppt127http://www.engr.usask.ca/classes/ME/330/win06-07/Handouts/handout-7-metal forming_Mar1.ppt128http://www.engr.usask.ca/classes/ME/330/win06-07/Handouts/handout-7-metal forming_Mar1.ppt129http://www.engr.usask.ca/classes/ME/330/win06-07/Handouts/handout-7-metal forming_Mar1.ppt130http://www.engr.usask.ca/classes/ME/330/win06-07/Handouts/handout-7-metal forming_Mar1.ppt131See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/15-Slides - Stress and Bending.pdf>132https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt133https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt134https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt135https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt136https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt137https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt138https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt139https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt140http://www.cse.yorku.ca/course_archive/2002-03/F/ENG2000/ENG2000_7_beam_v1.ppt141http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch07.ppt142http://140.114.56.125/data/material of mechanics/english/Teaching Slides/ch06.ppt143See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/16-Slides - Advanced Stress.pdf>144See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/16-Reading - Rapo�.pdf>145http://rommet.com/remco/MoM/MOMSection2.2.ppt146http://www.cse.yorku.ca/course_archive/2002-03/F/ENG2000/ENG2000_7_beam_v1.ppt147http://www.sforp.org/Lecture Archives/Trauma/Biomechanics of Fracture and Fixation Justice 10.3.2005.ppt148http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt149http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt150http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt151http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt152http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/courses/mae206/rabiei/ch09.ppt153http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER440/Module 1/Cook & Young Chapter 1.pdf154http://140.114.56.125/data/material of mechanics/english/Teaching Slides/ch06.ppt155See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/17-Slides - Bone.pdf>156See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/17-Reading - Yun.pdf>157http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt158http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt159http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt160https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt161https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt162https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt163https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt164https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt165https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt166https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt167https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt168http://www.ptjournal.org/cgi/reprint/64/12/1869.pdf169http://www.monte�ore.ulg.ac.be/systems/GBIO/gbio001/chap_2.3.pdf170http://www.monte�ore.ulg.ac.be/systems/GBIO/gbio001/chap_2.3.pdf171http://sinoemedicalassociation.org/AP/lectureBone.pdf172http://www.worldscibooks.com/medsci/etextbook/5695/5695_chap01.pdf173http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER440/Module 4/Function & Structure of Bone.pdf174http://neon.byu.edu/%7Eseeleym/exsc362%28seeley%29/chapter09_�les/bone_biomech.pdf175http://www.postech.ac.kr/class/ie643/hmboard/�le/Bone Structure.doc176http://www.postech.ac.kr/class/ie643/hmboard/�le/Bone Structure.doc177http://www.postech.ac.kr/class/ie643/hmboard/�le/Bone Structure.doc178http://www.postech.ac.kr/class/ie643/hmboard/�le/Bone Structure.doc179http://www.postech.ac.kr/class/ie643/hmboard/�le/Bone Structure.doc180See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/18-Slides - Bone.pdf>181See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/18-Reading - Christopher.pdf>182https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt183https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt184https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt


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185https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt186https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt187https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt188https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt189https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt190http://www.twu.edu/biom/2593Lect/Skeletal Considerations for Movement.pdf191http://www.monte�ore.ulg.ac.be/systems/GBIO/gbio001/chap_2.3.pdf192http://www.monte�ore.ulg.ac.be/systems/GBIO/gbio001/chap_2.3.pdf193http://academic.pgcc.edu/%7Eaimholtz/AandP/LectureNotes/ANP1_Lec/Skeletal/BoneTissue.ppt194http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt195http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt196http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt197http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt198http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER440/Module 5/Representative Properties of Bone.pdf199http://www2.fhs.usyd.edu.au/ESS/sinclair/Projects/2004projL4aweb.pdf200See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/19-Slides - Breaks.pdf>201See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/19-Reading - Alms.pdf>202http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt203http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt204http://www.spotsyrescue.org/content/classes/File/File/CH32_IB.ppt205http://www.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/reprint/43-B/1/162206http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/4278/Documents/Conferences and Symposiums Presentations/Introduction to OrthopaedicBiomechanics.pdf207https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt208https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt209https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt210https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt211https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt212https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt213https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt214https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt215http://academic.pgcc.edu/%7Eaimholtz/AandP/LectureNotes/ANP1_Lec/Skeletal/BoneTissue.ppt216http://www.sforp.org/Lecture Archives/Trauma/Biomechanics of Fracture and Fixation Justice 10.3.2005.ppt217http://www.lbl.gov/ritchie/Library/PDF/Wiley BioEng Encyc.pdf218http://neon.byu.edu/%7Eseeleym/exsc362%28seeley%29/chapter09_�les/bone_biomech.pdf219See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/20-Slides - Healing.pdf>220See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/20-Reading - Kalfas.pdf>221See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/20-Reading - Calgary.pdf>222http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt223http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt224http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt225https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt226https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt227https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt228https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt229https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt230https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt231https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt232https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Lecture 1 Bone Kinematics.ppt233http://www.sforp.org/Lecture Archives/Trauma/Biomechanics of Fracture and Fixation Justice 10.3.2005.ppt234http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/foc.2001.10.4.2?cookieSet=1235http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt236http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt237http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt238http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt239http://www.calgaryhealthregion.ca/programs/orthopaedictrauma/pdf/pt_education/stages_of_bone_healing.pdf240http://www2.fhs.usyd.edu.au/ESS/sinclair/Projects/2004projL4aweb.pdf241See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/21-Slides - tendon_ligament.pdf>242See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/21-Reading - Hollister.pdf>243http://www.engin.umich.edu/class/bme456/ligten/ligten.htm244http://www.emba.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/tendon_ligament_structure.pdf



245http://www.tesumassd.org/courses/mtx105calvert/readings/hipknee.pdf246http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 4 Ligament & Tendon/Martin Ch 8 Ligament & Tendon.pdf247http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 4 Ligament & Tendon/Introduction Notes.pdf248http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/get/bme/615/1vanderby/notes/ligament1.ppt249See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/22-Slides - tendon_ligament.pdf>250See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/22-Reading - Rapo�.pdf>251http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/4278/Documents/Conferences and Symposiums Presentations/Introduction to OrthopaedicBiomechanics.pdf252http://www.sforp.org/Lecture Archives/Trauma/Biomechanics of Fracture and Fixation Justice 10.3.2005.ppt253http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 3 Viscoelasticity/Introduction.pdf254http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/get/bme/615/1vanderby/notes/ligament1.ppt255http://mrl.sci.utah.edu/papers/critrev.pdf256See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/23-Slides - Articular Cartilage.pdf>257See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/23-Reading - Mansour.pdf>258http://ttb.eng.wayne.edu/∼grimm/BME5210/Lecture7.pdf259http://www.emba.uvm.edu/%7Eiatridis/me301/cartilage_intro.pdf260http://www.nata.org/jat/readers/archives/36.4/i1062-6050-036-04-0413.pdf261http://www.cartilagehealth.com/images/artcartbiomech.pdf262http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 6 Articular Cartilage/Function & Structure of Articular Carti-lage.pdf263http://wings.bu�alo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/Orthopaedic Biomechanics/Lecture 8a.pdf264See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/24-Slides - Articular Cartilage.pdf>265See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/24-Reading - Rapo�.pdf>266http://ttb.eng.wayne.edu/∼grimm/BME5210/Lecture7.pdf267http://www.emba.uvm.edu/%7Eiatridis/me301/cartilage_intro.pdf268http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 6 Articular Cartilage/Mechanical Properties of Articular Carti-lage.pdf269http://wings.bu�alo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/Orthopaedic Biomechanics/Lecture 8a.pdf270See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/25-Slides - Joints.pdf>271See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/25-Reading - Rapo�.pdf>272http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt273http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt274http://www.windsorhs.com/sta�/admin/uploads/Ames11/AP_CH05.ppt275http://www.naturopathicliving.com/media/pmti/babp_f08/Week6_SkeletalSysCont_Slides.pdf276http://www.teachnet-uk.org.uk/2006 Projects/PE-Bones_Muscles/the-skeleton.ppt277http://eport2.cgc.maricopa.edu/published/h/ox/hoxha/collection/3/6/upload.c-hoxha-3n6.pdf278http://iws.ccccd.edu/smathis/A&PI Lecture/chap 8a.ppt279http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER440/Module 3/Martin Chapter 1.pdf280See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/26-Slides - Joints-1.pdf>281http://www.teachnet-uk.org.uk/2006 Projects/PE-Bones_Muscles/the-skeleton.ppt282http://eport2.cgc.maricopa.edu/published/h/ox/hoxha/collection/3/6/upload.c-hoxha-3n6.pdf283http://www.iit.edu/%7Eipro309f06/MMTandROM/ROM_Presentation.ppt284http://iws.ccccd.edu/smathis/A&PI Lecture/chap 8a.ppt285http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 6 Articular Cartilage/Panjabi & White Ch 8 Joints.pdf286See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/27-Slides - Implants.pdf>287See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/27-Reading - Goyal.pdf>288http://academic.uprm.edu/%7Emgoyal/materialsdec2003/m03hipkneeprostheses.pdf289http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf290http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf291http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf292http://musculoskeletalscience.co.uk/Documents/BIOMECHANICS OF THE HIP LECTURE 9TH JULY.ppt293http://global.smith-nephew.com/cps/rde/xbcr/smithnephewls_master/Hip_product_review.pdf294http://www.tesumassd.org/courses/mtx105calvert/readings/hipknee.pdf295http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/getbig/bme/515/tompkins/lecturesli/prostheticjoints2007.pdf296http://www.me.berkeley.edu/ME117/S07/lectures/020807.ppt297http://perso.univ-rennes1.fr/lalaonirina.rakotomanana-ravelonarivo/th_implant-lecture.pdf298See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/28-Slides - Bone Plate.pdf>299http://28-ReadingBonePlateBiomechanicsDesign-Kelley.pdf/300http://www.sforp.org/Lecture Archives/Trauma/Biomechanics of Fracture and Fixation Justice 10.3.2005.ppt301http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt302http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt


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303http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt304http://www.ota.org/res_slide/G08_Biomechanics.ppt305See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/29-Slides - Knee Biomechanics.pdf>306See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/29-Reading - Blue Medical.pdf>307http://amsdottorato.cib.unibo.it/671/1/Tesi_Bertozzi_Luigi.pdf308http://www.thekneedoc.co.uk/content.asp?section=3&parentID=3309http://www.cem.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/knee_biomechanics.pdf310http://paws.wcu.edu/jscifers/Knee Evaluation/Knee Evaluation %282005%29.ppt311See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/30-Slides - Knee Biomechanics.pdf>312http://www.med.mun.ca/ortho/pages/Presentations/Knee Biomechanics.ppt313http://www.cem.uvm.edu/∼iatridis/me207/knee_biomechanics.pdf314http://ntucas.twbbs.org/TSB-web/ConferenceInfo/2004/+gy�´Sw��/Biomechanics of The Knee%28ç�ÿ%29.doc315http://www.tesumassd.org/courses/mtx105calvert/readings/hipknee.pdf316http://www.ptjournal.org/cgi/reprint/60/12/1561.pdf317See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/33-Slides - Hip Biomechanics.pdf>318See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/33-Reading - About Joints.pdf>319http://aboutjoints.com/physicianinfo/topics/anatomyhip/biomechanicship.htm320http://sinoemedicalassociation.org/AP/lectureBone.pdf321http://coestudents.valdosta.edu/drivera/Pics/hip.ppt322http://vrlab.ep�.ch/∼amaciel/projects/HipJoint_summary.pdf323http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1901095&blobtype=pdf324See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/34-Slides - Hip Biomechanics.pdf>325See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/34-Reading - About Joints.pdf>326http://aboutjoints.com/physicianinfo/topics/anatomyhip/biomechanicship.htm327http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf328http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf329http://www.bartsandthelondon.org.uk/docs/bajekal_hip_biomechanics.pdf330http://musculoskeletalscience.co.uk/Documents/BIOMECHANICS OF THE HIP LECTURE 9TH JULY.ppt331http://coestudents.valdosta.edu/drivera/Pics/hip.ppt332http://www.med.mun.ca/ortho/pages/Presentations/Hip Biomechanics and Osteotomies.ppt333See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/35-Slides - Spine Biomechanics.pdf>334See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/35-Reading - Benzel.pdf>335http://www.neurosurgeon.org/publications/clinical/53/pdf/cnb00106000098.pdf336http://www.emba.uvm.edu/%7Eiatridis/me207/spine_anatomy_function.pdf337http://paws.wcu.edu/mtroy/PE 423/Ch9overheads.doc338http://www.sforp.org/Lecture Archives/Basic Science/Biomechanics of the Spine Yang 12.13.02.ppt339http://www.nsspine.co.kr/06_leftmenu/lecture/�les/10_spinal surgical anatomy.ppt340http://wings.bu�alo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/Orthopaedic Biomechanics/Lecture 12.ppt341See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/36-Slides - Spine Biomechanics.pdf>342See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/36-Reading - Rapo�.pdf>343http://www.emba.uvm.edu/%7Eiatridis/me207/spine_anatomy_function.pdf344http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 7 Intervertebral Disc/Spine Biomechanics.pdf345http://www.sforp.org/Lecture Archives/Basic Science/Biomechanics of the Spine Yang 12.13.02.ppt346http://wings.bu�alo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/Orthopaedic Biomechanics/Lecture 12.ppt347See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/38-Slides - Muscle.pdf>348See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/38-Reading - Rapo�.pdf>349http://www.me.ncku.edu.tw/%7Eengblgy/research8/Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscle.ppt350http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt351http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt352http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt353http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt354http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 5 Skeletal Muscle/Brinckmann et al Chapter 13.pdf355See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/39-Slides - Muscle.pdf>356https://www.msu.edu/course/kin/831/Muscle.ppt357http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt358http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt359http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt360http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt361http://engineering.union.edu/∼rapo�a/MER445/Module 5 Skeletal Muscle/MuscleDetails.pdf362See the �le at <http://cnx.org/content/m27924/latest/40-Slides - Muscle.pdf>363http://www.ergonet.com.br/download/biomechanics_skeletal.ppt


44 ATTRIBUTIONS

Attributions

Collection: A course in Engineering Biomechanics

Edited by: Benjamin S. KelleyURL: http://cnx.org/content/col10759/1.1/License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Module: "Introductions"By: Benjamin S. KelleyURL: http://cnx.org/content/m29709/1.1/Pages: 2-3Copyright: Benjamin S. KelleyLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Module: "Lectures notes and readings"By: Benjamin S. KelleyURL: http://cnx.org/content/m27924/1.1/Pages: 6-38Copyright: Benjamin S. KelleyLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

364http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt365http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt366http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt367http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca/faculty/leghb/HKIN303/303notes1.ppt368http://www.holycross.edu/departments/biology/kprestwi/physiology/phys_pdf/Phys_Lect2_Contractility_pdf/Phys03_11_SkMusBiophys.pdf369http://neon.byu.edu/∼seeleym/exsc362(seeley)/chapter09_�les/muscle_and_tendon_biomech.pdf



Scenario: You are the principal design biomedical engineer for the Hanoi University of Technology Collegeof Medical Hospital. As a result of recent governmental initiatives their is a new country-wide project toprovide on-demand bone plates that are custom manufactured at on-site regional hospitals to repair long-bone fractures. There is great pressure to keep costs contained. You have observed that during some surgicalprocedures to repair/plate long-bone fractures, there is uncertainty and waste regarding the selection anduse of the best bone plate. Your job is to work with the surgeon to identify in advance of, and during thesurgical procedure, the best choice for the size of the plate based on patient anthropometric data. For thisparticular case, the patient is YOU! Patient data: weight__________kg height____________cmFor this case the bone to be plated is the tibia. The length of the tibia is 25% of your height. There is asmall amount curvature (bowing) in the tibia that results in a 1% of body height mid-bone displacementfrom the vertical (and thus creating a bending moment even when just standing). The outside diameterof the tibia at mid-length is 1.5% of body height. Your job is to select the cross-sectional dimensions of abone plate to stabilize the fracture. You know that a realistic approach to achieving this is to select/designa bone plate whose cross-sectional dimensions result in the situation where the neutral axis is located atthe interface between the plate and the bone. As you do this, you notice that you are actually calculatingIp, and that quantity by itself does not uniquely determine both the thickness (t) and width (b) of theplate. You use your smarts to know that you do not want the plate to protrude through the skin (requiringa relatively small thickness) and that you want the BUCMH machinist to largely be able to use relativelystandard stock metal, which comes in 0.25-cm widths and thicknesses (so you may slightly be roundingup/down your dimensions). So with this information you are able select a plate thickness and correspondingwidth. Second, you plan to locate the plate on the tensile side of the fracture. Assume the installation ofthe plate itself results in a compressive force of one half body weight. What degree of bending (displacementat the transverse axis of the plate kind of related to the radius of curvature) is required to assure that thefracture site remains under compression when the bone is subjected to four times body weight (in case youaccidentally stumble down the stairs while you are rehabilitating). Assume the plate length is ten times itswidth (while this is a reasonable value, it is not based on any engineering rationale). For this portion of theproblem you will also need to know the Young's Modulus of the plating material (for the previous portion ofthe problem, you can get away with using an Ep/Eb ratio =10, I think; Eb=10x109 N/m2 and Ep=100x109N/m2). In providing your design, use an application software package with clearly identi�es inputs, units,remarks, and other documentation that explains your approach from beginning to end. Most speci�callyyour solution must clearly identify the dimensions you select for your plate, the degree of plate mid-pointdisplacement (curvature). If you correctly approach the problem but encounter unrealistic assumptions ordimensions, adjust and justify them accordingly. Your full design report must provide full documentationso that the Chief Orthopedic Surgeon can present your results and report to the Minister of Health, whoseeducation is in politics and not medicine or engineering. Good luck!

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