a coordinated grower trial
TRANSCRIPT
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Controlling Flowering of Ornamental Crops Using Light-Emitting Diode Lamps:
A Coordinated Grower TrialA Coordinated Grower Trial
E ik R kl d Qi MErik Runkle and Qingwu MengDepartment of HorticultureMichigan State University
Previous Research
Objective: Determine how the red : far-red influences flowering of photoperiod-sensitive crops so that LEDs with effective spectra can be developed.
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Previous Research
Manufacturedby CCS, Inc.
Previous Research
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Introduction
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of screw-in LED lamps at controlling flowering of daylength-sensitive ornamental crops in concurrent commercial trialsornamental crops in concurrent commercial trials.
Original plan: To work with CCS to develop a second-generation customized LED for the commercial trials.
Revised plan: Due to higher costs and production limitations at CCS, as well as the recent development pof “flowering lamps”, we used the Philips DR/W/FR LEDs.
Trial Protocol
• Young plants were grown by C. Raker & Sons and shipped approximately one week before propagules were typically “finished”were typically finished .
• Cooperating producers received the young plants in late January, when the days were still naturally short.
• Each company transplanted them into 1801 flats using their standard growing media and grew them following their standard growing practicesfollowing their standard growing practices.
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Trial Protocol
Ornamental crops• Ageratum ‘Hawaii Blue’
Di th ‘T l t C i ’• Dianthus ‘Telstar Crimson’• Petunia ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’• Petunia ‘Wave Purple Classic’• Snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’• Verbena ‘Obsession’• Calibrachoa ‘Callie’• Dahlia ‘Dahlinova Texas’Dahlia Dahlinova Texas
Participating Companies
• C. Raker & Sons (Litchfield, MI)• Center for Applied Horticultural Research at ppAltman Plants (Vista, CA)
• Henry Mast Greenhouse (Byron Center, MI)• Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses (Sunman, IN)• Kube Pak (Allentown, NJ)• Michigan State University (East Lansing MI)• Michigan State University (East Lansing, MI)
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Trial Protocol
• Plants were grown under their standard long-day lighting and under Philips’ DR/W/FR flowering under Philips DR/W/FR flowering lamps.
• At MSU and CfAHR, a 9-hour or natural short day treatment were also provided.
• Date of flowering was recorded Date of flowering was recorded on 12 plants of each variety in each photoperiod treatment.
Kube Pak
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C. Raker & Sons
Long days delivered by:High-pressure sodium DR/W/FR LEDs
C. Raker & SonsVerbena ‘Obsession’Long days delivered by:
High-pressure sodium DR/W/FR LEDs
51 b 59 aDays to flower
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C. Raker & Sons
erD
ays t
o flo
we
CfAHR (Altman Plants)
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CfAHR (Altman Plants)
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs
CfAHR (Altman Plants)Snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs
55 a 48 bDays to flower
46 b
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CfAHR (Altman Plants)
erD
ays t
o flo
we
Henry Mast Greenhouse
Long days delivered by:High-pressure sodium DR/W/FR LEDs
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Henry Mast GreenhouseCalibrachoa ‘Callie’Long days delivered by:
High-pressure sodium DR/W/FR LEDs
44 NS 46 NSDays to flower
Henry Mast Greenhouse
erD
ays t
o flo
we
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Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses
Long days delivered by:Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs
Krueger-Maddux GreenhousesSnapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’
Long days delivered by:Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs
66 b 74 aDays to flower
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Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses
erD
ays t
o flo
we
Treatment PowerLight intensity(µmol·m-2·s-1)
Short-day controlIncandescent lamps 60 W 2 02
Treatment Design at MSU
Incandescent lamps 60 W 2.02DR/W/FR LED lamps 14 W 2.06
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs
Photos taken at MSU Greenhouse 13
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Hypotheses
• Both lighting treatments will significantly promote flowering of long-day plants compared to a short day.
• The DR/W/FR LED lamp is an effective substitution for the traditional incandescent lamp.
0.02
0.03
ol·m
-2·s
-1)
INC LEDLight distribution (%)
Blue Green Red Far-red
0.00
0.01
400 500 600 700 800
Out
put
(µm
o
Wavelength (nm)
INC 4 14 31 50LED 6 13 35 46
LED Trial at MSU House 13
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LED Trial at MSU House 13
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs
Ageratum ‘Hawaii Blue’
51 NS 41 NSDays to flower
40 NS
LED Trial at MSU House 13
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent DR/W/FR LEDs
Ageratum ‘Hawaii Blue’
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LED Trial at MSU House 13
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Dianthus ‘Telstar Crimson’
DR/W/FR LEDs
56 NS 50 NSDays to flower
51 NS
LED Trial at MSU House 13
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Dianthus ‘Telstar Crimson’
DR/W/FR LEDs
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LED Trial at MSU House 13
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Petunia ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’
DR/W/FR LEDs
59 a 46 bDays to flower
46 b
LED Trial at MSU House 13
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’
DR/W/FR LEDs
67 a 50 bDays to flower
51 b
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LED Trial at MSU House 13
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’
DR/W/FR LEDs
LED Trial at MSU House 10
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LED Trial at MSU House 10
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Dianthus ‘Telstar Crimson’
DR/W/FR LEDs
73 a 57 bDays to flower
54 b
LED Trial at MSU House 10
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Dianthus ‘Telstar Crimson’
DR/W/FR LEDs
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LED Trial at MSU House 10
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Dianthus ‘Telstar Crimson’
DR/W/FR LEDs
LED Trial at MSU House 10
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Petunia ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’
DR/W/FR LEDs
84 a 52 bDays to flower
53 b
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LED Trial at MSU House 10
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Petunia ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’
DR/W/FR LEDs
LED Trial at MSU House 10
Short dayLong days delivered by:
Incandescent
Petunia ‘Wave Purple Classic ’
DR/W/FR LEDs
53 NSDays to flower
58 NS
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Conclusions
• With a few exceptions, night-interruption lighting from the Philips DR/W/FR LEDs was similarly effective as conventional lamps.
• The three exceptions were:− Verbena at Rakers (delayed under LEDs)− Snapdragon at Krueger-Maddux (delayed under
LEDs)Calibrachoa in 10E at MSU (delayed under LEDs− Calibrachoa in 10E at MSU (delayed under LEDs
Syngenta FlowersAlva, FL
GE Silverneckincandescent
150 watts 240 volts
PhilipsDR/W orDR/W/FR
18 watts 120 volts
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Acknowledgements
• Our cooperators in this grower trial: C. Raker & Sons, CfAHR at Altman Plants, Henry Mast Greenhouse, Krueger-Maddux Greenhouses, and Kube Pak.
• Philips Lighting for subsidizing the cost of the LED flowering lamps.
• Funding provided by the USDA SCRI grant, MSU’s Project GREEEN, and other horticulture companies that
t MSU Fl i ltsupport MSU Floriculture.