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49
A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND MULTIPARAMETER^MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR ESTUARIES : AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR SMALL VESSELS By Lee A. Dedini and Laurence E. Schemel U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 80-1293 Prepared as part of continuing San Francisco Bay estuarine study October 1980

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Page 1: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND MULTIPARAMETER^MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

FOR ESTUARIES : AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR SMALL VESSELS

By Lee A. Dedini and Laurence E. Schemel

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open-File Report 80-1293

Prepared as part of continuing

San Francisco Bay estuarine study

October 1980

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

H. William Menard, Director

OPEN-FILE REPORT

For additional information write to:

Regional Hydrologist Water Resources Division U. S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Road Menlo Park, CA 94025

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CONTENTS

Page

List of Tables. ...................... 4

List of Figures ...................... 5

Abstract ......................... 6

Introduction. ....................... 7

Water Pumps ........................ 8

Digital-Display Panels and Instruments. .......... 9

Analog Strip-Chart Recorders. ............... 13

References ........................ 14

Tables .......................... 15

Figures .......................... 24

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List of Tables

Page

1. Manufacturers of instruments and equipment ....... 15

2. Instrument signal level characteristics ........ 16

3. Identification and sources of major components ofdisplay panels ..................... 17

4. Identification and sources of major components ofrecorders ....................... 18

5. Panel 1: front panel connections ............ 19

6. Panel 1: rear panel connections ............ 20

7. Panel 2: front panel connections ............ 21

8. Panel 2: rear panel connections ............ 22

9. HP 25C program for OmV pH calculation ......... 23

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List of Figures

Page

1. Water pumping system on R.V. Estero ........... 24

2. Block diagram of continuous measurement instruments anddata aquisition system .................. 25

3. Front view layout: Panel 1 ................ 26

4. Top view layout:. Panel 1 ................. 27

5. Top view: Panel 1 .................... 28

6. Circuitboard CB1 (Panel 1)or (Panel 2) schematic diagram . 29

7. Circuitboard CB2 (Panel 1) schematic diagram ....... 30

8. Circuitboard CB2 (Panel 1) schematic diagram ....... 31

9. Circuitboard CBS (Panel 1) schematic diagram ....... 32

10. Digital panel meter and panel switch connections:Panel 1 . 33

H» In situ temperature/depth probe and bow-intaketemperature schematic diagram .............. 34

12. Front view layout: Panel 2 ................ 35

13. Top view layout: Panel 2 ................. 36

14. Top view: Panel 2 .................... 37

15. Circuitboard CB2 (Panel 2) schematic diagram ....... 38

16. Circuitboard CB3(Panel 2) schematic diagram ....... 39

17. Circuitboard CB4 (Panel 2) schematic diagram ....... 40

18. Digital panel meter and panel switch connections:Panel 2 . 41

19. Infrared analyzer response curves at various gainsettings ......................... 42

20. Block diagram of recorders ................ 43

21. Front view: Recorders .................. 44

22. Front layout of control section: Recorders ........ 45

23. Side view: Recorders ................... 46

24. Side layout of control section: Recorders ........ 47

25. Attenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: Recorders . . 48

26. Wiring diagram of controls to recorder connectors .... 495

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ABSTRACT

Salinity, temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll a_ fluorescence, pCO , ^"" ^

pH, oxygen saturation, and concentrations of five dissolved nutrient

substances (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, dissolved silica, and ortho-

phosphate) can be continuously measured by instruments in an integrated

system. The system is compact and has been installed on a 30-foot long

shallow-draft vessel capable of navigating in the shallow reaches of San

Francisco Bay estuary. The system was assembled from commercially avail­

able instruments, equipment, and components, and from specialized items

which were designed and fabricated by the authors. Near-surface water is

pumped continuously while underway, producing data profiles from one

depth. Data are read from digital meters and recorded on analog strip-

charts and magnetic tape.

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Introduction

This report describes the continuous water-sampling and water-

analysis system which has been installed on the 30-foot-long U, S.

Geological Survey research vessel Estero, This system was designed

primarily for mapping water-quality parameters in the shallow regions

of San Francisco Bay estuary. Many features are similar or identical

to the system described by Schemel and Dedini (1979), but this newer

system incorporates many electronic and design improvements and is more

compact, allowing it to be installed on small vessels. In addition, we

have been able to reduce cost, particularly by purchasing OEM (original

equipment manufacturer) components when possible.

We have limited the scope of this report primarily to a description

of the digital-display panels and the analog strip-chart recorders because

these are the assemblies which contain most of the important changes.

However, we do note some other changes in equipment and instrumentation.

Analytical methods, calibration procedures, and other detailed information

can be found in our previous reports (Schemel and Dedini 1979, 1980) and

in the appropriate operation manuals (Table 1) Details of the micro­

processor-based data logger and magnetic-tape recording system and the

digital fathometer are described in a following report by K. Leap (U.S.G.S.,

Menlo Park, CA).

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WATER PUMPS

Near-surface water from a depth of about 0.5m is continuously

pumped with a flexible-impeller centrifugal pump (Fig. 1). A section

of aluminum pipe (l^j-in.ID) penetrates the hull and extends to above

the water line; water is drawn from a section of PVC pipe(l-in.ID)

inserted through the aluminum pipe. The PVC pipe can be adjusted so

that air or bubbles are not taken in and, as a safety factor, the pipe

will break without damaging the hull if the vessel hits an object. The

intake of the pipe is cut at an angle of about 30 degrees (Fig, 1) to

minimize cavitation and degassing of the water. The pump is coupled to

the PVC pipe with reinforced flexible PVC tubing and is located about 0.5m

above the water line. The pump discharges about 50L rnin,'" ; water which

is not used for the instruments is discharged overboard in order to

minimize the flushing time of the system (approx. 5-10 sec,).

Circuits have been provided in the digital-display panels so that an

in situ pumping system with temperature and depth sensors can be used. We

refer the reader to Schemel and Dedini (1979) for details concerning the

construction and operation of this system.

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Digital-Display Panels and Instruments

The pumped water flows through instruments with flow-sample cells

or sensors are directly immersed in the water stream (Fig. 2). The

following discussion will exclude the five-channel nutrient analyzer

(except when specific references are made) because it is practically

independent of the digital-display panels and has separate strips-chart

recorders. Continuous-measurement signals (Table 2) are displayed on

digital meters and are recorded on two four-channel strip-chart recorders,

except for the in situ depth measurement (when used). Amplified or

attenuated signals buffered by amplifiers with 1,5 sec. time constants (RC)

are read by the data logger at switch-selectable multiples of 5 sec.

(usually 30 sec.) and recorded on magnetic tape.

The digital-display panels contain circuitry for sensors and signal-

processing circuits necessary for data recording,. including signals from the

five-channel nutrient analyzer. Drawings and electrical schematic diagrams

for the digital-display panels are Figures 3 through 18. Each panel is

a standard width (19 in.) rack chassis (Table 3). Digital meters, instr-

ment and sensor connectors, and power^and voltage^source switches are

mounted on the front panels. Other signal connections are made at the

rear panel. Circuit components are hand-wired and all connections are

soldered when possible. Most circuit components are mounted on prototype

circuit boards.

Modular regulated supplies power all panel circuitry (+15VDC) and

the digital panel meters (+5VDC). Precise regulated DC voltages are

generated on the circuitboard located by the modular supplies (for example,

(Fig.4)). These voltages are required for sensors and calibrations. For

example, each panel has "Cal" switches which select full-scale voltages

9

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for calibrating the digital meters and strip-chart recorders and for

checking the operation of the data logger and magnetic tape recorder.

Both panels provide zero-offset circuits which enable a limited

range of a parameter to be recorded across the full width of the strip-

chart (50mm). For example, temperature changes in the range of 10-20 C

can be recorded with a resolution of *0.1 C. In this case an offset

voltage equivalent to the signal level at 10 C is applied to the low

side of the recorder differential input and the recorder attenuation is

set for a full scale range of 10 C. The rotary switches select the

appropriate voltage offset; they are calibrated in the parameter units or

in percent of full range increments.

The digital-display panels accept and condition signals from instru­

ments and sensors. We have changed some of our previous designs to allow

us to use newer or different instruments. A Md.10 fluorometer with a

nephelometry flow cell,or a Md.40 nephelometer,can be connected to the

turbidity channel; a switch on the circuit board selects the appropriate

circuitry. The circuitry design for the pH meter optical isolation and

digital-to-analog converter has been modified to accept TTL-level signals

from a Md. 701A pH meter. An additional (ground^isolated) fSVDC supply is

necessary to power the digital logic. Panel circuitry for the pCO measure­

ment system has been modified to accept signals from a Md. 864 non-dispersive

infrared analyzer; response curves are shown in Fig. 19.

All temperature measurements are made with linearized thermistor

sensors. These sensors are connected to circuitry in the panels except for

the intake~temperature and in situ-temperature measurements. In these cases

the circuitry is contained in water-proof enclosures and voltages are

10

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transmitted to panel 1. Modifications of the in situ-temperature and depth

circuits are shown on Fig. 11. A zero-depth adjustment is provided on

panel 1.

The dissolved oxygen sensor is a polaragraphic electrode. The probe

is polarized (-0.84VDC) and the resulting current is proportional to the

partial pressure of oxygen in the sample. A thermistor in the probe varies

the amplifier gain to compensate for variations in the membrane diffusivity

with temperature. However, this compensation is inadequate above 22 C, where

most air calibrations are made. We are currently evaluating the merits of

making uncorrected electrode-current measurements and correcting for the

measurement temperature in our data-reduction procedure. Either of two

fixed resistors equivalent to the temperature compensation resistances at

25 C and 12 C can be selected instead of the thermistor. These resistors

will give adequate voltage gain at high or low temperatures.

Our changes in the pH data collection and correction routines are similar

in concept to what we envision for the dissolved oxygen system. The electrode

(cell) potentials and corresponding sample temperatures are collected as

the raw data; our previous data were collected in pH units. Periodic cali~

o brations with 7.413 (@25 C) buffer (Beckman #3008) are made at temperatures

near the sample temperatures. The following calculations are based on the

assumption that the electrode response is nearly theoretical. We check the

response periodically with two buffers to assure that large deviations from

the theoretical response (slope: mV/pH) do not occur.

Within the temperature range of our measurements (0-25 C) the following

expressions can be used:

11

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I/Theoretical Slope ( mV/pH ) = 54.1960 + 0,1984 T eq. 1

^ 52 -7 Buffer pH (7.413 @25 C) = 7,531 - 6.65x10 T + 7.64x10 T , eq. 2

where T is the temperature in centigrade degrees.

The pH meter reading in mV is divided by the theoretical slope to give

a ApH. The pH value corresponding to the OmV reading is computed from the

pH meter reading in buffer and the theoretical slope:

,%_ TT i_ ^^ TT (mv reading in buffer) _ OmV pH = buffer pH + - . . ., : r eq. 3(theoretical slope)

Note that mV reading will be negative in the 7.41 buffer. Linear drift

is assumed between calibrations. The sample pH is computed from the OmV

pH and the A pH:

Sample pH = OmV pH - A pH eq. 4

Note that A pH values will be negative because most samples will be more

alkaline than the OmV pH value.

Values are reported to the nearest 0.01 pH unit. We expect that

measurements made by this procedure are accurate at the _ 0.05 pH level

and not suitable for some applications.

I/ Eq. 1 is our fit to the values tabulated in Bates, R.G., 1973, Determination of pH, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 479 p.

2/ Eq. 2 is our fit to the data supplied by the manufacturer for Buffer # 3008 .

3/ This calculation can be easily done on a calculator; a program for the HP 25C (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA,) is shown in Table 9,

12

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Analog Strip-Chart Recorders

Drawings and electrical schematics diagrams for the four-channel

analog strip-chart recorders are shown in Figures 20 through 26. Each

recorder uses an OEM recorder unit (Table 4). The encased recorders

(Fig. 21) fit on angle brackets inside standard-width (19 in.) electronic

racks. The dimensions of the recorders are 17 1/2 in. wide, 9 1/2 in. high,

and 8 1/2 in.deep. The OEM recorder units comprise: 1) the chassis, 2)

four galvanometers, 3) the paper-drive system, 4) four thermal-writing

styluses, 5) power- and signal-input connections, 6) and power supplies

(Fig. 20). The chassis is mounted on 1/8-in. thick aluminum sheet and

angle material (Fig. 23), and aluminum panels (1/16-in.-thickness) enclose

the control-section components (Fig, 23 does not show the top and side

panels). The front panel fits flush with the chart-paper table. Operating

controls mounted on the front panels (Fig. 22) include those for zero pen

positioning, gain adjustment, pen-heat adjustment, a five-step attenuator

for each channel, power, chart-speed selection, and event marker.

Signal-input connections are made at the rear of the control section

(Fig. 24). Each channel has a differential-input circuit (Fig. 25) which

is mounted on the prototype circuitboard. The single-ended output of each

differential-input circuit is applied to a preamplifier circuit (Table 4),

which increases the sensitivity of the recorders from lOmV/mm to ImV/mm.

13

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References

Schemel, L. E. and Dedini, L. A., 1979, A Continuous water-sampling

and multiparameter-measurement system for estuaries: U. S.

Geological Survey Open-file Report 79-273 , 92p.

Schemel, L. E. and Dedini, L. A., 1980, Continuous water-sampling and

water analysis in estuaries in Proceedings of Fifth STD/Ocean

Systems Conference (in press).

14

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I/Table

1.

Manu

fact

urer

s of In

stru

ment

s an

d Equipment-

Item

Model

Bow

Samp

ling

Ce

ntri

fuga

l Pu

mp

777

pH Meter

701A

pH Co

mbin

atio

n El

ectr

ode

4760

50

Four Ch

anne

l An

alog

Recorders, OE

M W402XL

Fluorometers

(2

) 10

-OOO

R

Nephelometer (optional)

40

Salinity-Temperature Me

ter

350

Ther

mist

or El

emen

ts

4401

8

Oxygen Probe

5400

Infrared Ana

lyze

r 864-X

Depth

Transducer

PG10

3

Tape Re

cord

er

4923

Nutrient analyzer

II

(AutoAnalyze

r)

Digital

Fathometer

2700

Manu

fact

urer

Jabsco Pr

oduc

ts,

Costa

Mesa,

California

Orion

Research In

c.,

Cambridge, Ma

ssac

huse

tts

Corning

Inst

rume

nts,

Medfield,

Mass

achu

sett

s

Astr

o-Me

d Di

v.,

Atlo

n-To

l In

d.,

West War

wick

, RI

Turn

er De

sign

s, Palo Alto,

California

Turner Designs, Palo Al

to,

Cali

forn

ia

W. Peterson (C

onsu

ltan

t),

Palo

Al

to,

Cali

forn

ia

Yell

ow Springs Instruments, Ye

llow

Springs,

Ohio

Yell

ow Springs

Inst

rume

nts,

Ye

llow

Spr

ings

, Oh

io

Beckman

Instruments, Fullerton, California

Gentran

Inc.

, Su

nnyv

ale,

Ca

lifo

rnia

Tektronix, In

c.,

Beav

erto

n, Or

egon

Tech

nico

n Corp., Terryt

own,

Ne

w York

Datamarine,

Poca

sset

, MA

.

The mention of

br

and

name

s is for

iden

tifi

cati

on pur

pose

s an

d do

es not

constitute endorsement

by the

U.S.

Geological Su

rvey

.

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Table 2. Instrument Signal Level Characteristics.

Measurement

Salinity

Temperature

Depth

Oxygen Saturation

pCC- (infrared analyzer)

pH (meter output)

Fluorescence (Md. 10)

Nephelometer (Md. 40)

Fluorometer sensitivity

0

-5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Range

to 39.9

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

35°C

100 m

199%

100%

199 mV

100%

100%

1.9 VDC

I/ 2/ VDC Signal to_ VDC Signal- Panel Meters and to Chart Recorders Computer

0

-0

0

0

0

0

0

0

to

.5

to

to

to

to

to

to

3.

to

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.

999

3.

000

99

00

VDC

50 VDC

VDC

VDC

VDC

999 VDC

00

00

VDC

VDC

Same

Same

VDC X 2

VDC X 2

VDC X 2

VDC X 2

VDC X 2

VDC X 2

see below

No Data

AutoAnalyzer channels

nominal

0 to 100%

5.00 VDC

0 to 5.00 VDC

All voltages are positive unless designated.

2/ VDC signal is buffered. Buffer amplifier has a filter with an RCtime constant of 1.5 seconds.

3/ VDC signals for sensitivity scales: Md, 10 Fluorometers (VDC *0,05)

min.sens. =0.03.16 X =0.28

10 X =0.4731.6 X =0.69

100 X316 X

1000 X3160 X

=1.00 =1.28 =1.47 = 1.69

16

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Table 3. Identification and Sources of Major Components of Display Panels.

Component

Front Panel Connections

3-pin3-socket4-socket6-socket24-socket

MS 3102A-14S-1P MS 3102A-14S-1S MS 3102A-14S-2S MS 3102A-14S-6S 57-40240

26-pin PTO2A-16-26S

Dual 18-pin 58-2075010

Circuit Boards

Prototype boards

Power Supplies

No. 12-DE-6

Dual supply ±15 VDC 200 ma Md. BPM-15/200

Single +5 VDC 3 AMPS Md. USM-5/3

Single +5 VDC 1 AMP MD.JE200

Digital Panel Meters

0-19.999V Md. DM-4100L

Rotary Switches

Manufacturer

Amphenol Div., Bunker Ramo Oak Brook, IL

Bendix Corp., Southfield, MI

Datel Systems, Inc. Mansfield. MA

Douglas Electronics, San Leandro, CA

Datel Systems, Inc. Mansfield, MA

Jameco Electronics, Belmont, CA

Datel Systems, Inc. Mansfield, MA

1 pol.-12pos. non-shorting Md. PSA-201 1 pol.-12pos. shorting Md. PSA-200

Centralab, Milwaukee, WI

Rack Chassis

19" X 7" X 13" aluminum Md. No. HC-14104

Integrated Circuit

Bud Radio, Inc. Willoughby, OH

Digital to Analog converter12 BitMd. DAC 80-CCD

Burr-Brown Tucson, AZ

17

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Table 4. Identification and Sources of Major Components of Recorders,

Component

OEM Strip Chart Recorder

Four Channel MD. W402 XL

Rear Panel Connectors

3 pin Type D3M

3 pin MS 3102A-14S-1P

Rotory Switches

2 pol- 6 pos

1 pol- 11 pos

Potentiometer s

5K ohm No. 3852B-202-502A 10K ohm N0.3852B-202-103A

Rheostat

1 ohm 12*5 W No. 0101

Circuit Boards

Prototype boards No. 12-DE-6

Preamplifier Md. A-10 1 Mv/mm

Manufacturer

Astro-Med Div.., Atlon-Tol Ind, West Warwick, RI

Switchcraft, Chicago, IL

Amphenol Div. Bunker Ramo Oak Brook, IL

Grayhill, Inc., La Grange, IL

Centralab, Milwaukee, WI

Bourns, Inc., Trimpot Div Riverside , CA

Ohmite Co., Skokie, IL

Douglas Electronics, Inc. San Leandro, CA

Astro-Med Div.,, Atlon-Tol Ind. West Warwick, RI

18

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Table 5. Panel 1, Front Panel Connections.

Connector Function Pin Connection

J-6

J-7

J-8

J-9

J-10

Salinometerinput

Bowtemperature

sensor

In situT/D probe

Fluorometerinput

Nephelometerinputfor

Model 10 orModel 40

ABC

ABCDE

ABCDEF

ABCDE

ABCDEF

COMS-4S-4

±15

COM-15S-6

J-12-11,23

±15COM-15S-6

CB2COM

CB211111111

CB21111iin

COM

Designation

commonsalinity signal

temperature signal

+15 V common-15 V

Temperature signal shield

+15 V common-15 V

temperature signaldepth signal

shield

signal analog range signalTTL range multiplier

digital logic common +5VDC logic power

same as J-9 for Md. 10

common

(Md, 40 uses only pins A and F)

Note: Underscored connections are at regulated voltage supply.

19

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Table 6. Panel 1, Rear Panel Connections.

Connec tor

J-ll

Function

Computer output

Pin

J-12 Recorder output

P-l AC Line

P-2 Auto- Analyzer inputs

1,132,143,154,165,176,187,198,209,21

10,2212,24

1,132,143,154,165,176,187,198,209,21

10,2211,23

AB

COMCB2

nii"n"nn

CB2COM

S-5

CB3CB2COMCB2COMCB2COMS-7

CB3J-7-E

S-l

Power modi

Connec tion Designation

commonsalinity signal

temperature signaldepth signal X 2

fluorometer signal X 2 fluorometer scale nephelometer signal X 2 nephelometer scale +3,5V reference signal No data +5.0 VDC

shield

salinity signal Salinity zero offset

depth signalcommon

fluorometer signalcommon

nephelometer signalcommon

temperature signal temperature zero offset temperature shield

high 115 VAC .e neutral

earth groundpin 1 chassis

CB-3 Channel 12345

COM common

J-13 Auto- Analyzer signals

to computer

A B C D E F

CB3

COM

Channel 12345

common

Note: Underscored connections are at regulated voltage supply,

20

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Table 7. Panel 2, Front Panel Connections.

Connec tor

J-5

Function

Infrared Analyzer

input

J-6

J-7

J-8

J-9

J-10

Pin

A B C

pH meter

OxygenProbe

Temperature/ PCO9

Temperature/ PH

Temperature/ Oxygenprobe

ABCDEFGHJKMNP

ABCDE

ABCD

ABCD

ABCD

Connection

J-1-A2

CBS

CB4

Designation

CBSCBS

S- 21 on CBSCBS

J-12- 10,22

CB2 CB2 +3.5 S-2

CB2 CB2+3.5S-2

CB2 CB2 +3.5S-2 "

CommonSignal

N

MSB 123456789

1011

LSB 12

.C.

804020108421

.8

.4

.2

.1100

-0.84 VDC cell input internal thermistor internal thermistor

shield

thermistor red thermistor brown thermistor green

shield

(same as J-8)

(same as J-8)

Note; Underscored connections are at regulated voltage supply.

21

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Table 8. Panel 2, Rear Panel Connections.

Connector

J-ll

Func tion

Computer output

Pin Connection

J-12 Recorder output

P-l AC Line

1,132,143,154,165,176,187,19

12, 24

1,132,143,154,165,176,187,198,209,21

10,22

AB

COMCB3CB4CB3CB2CB2CB2

COM

S-4

CB3

CB3S-6

CB3S-10

CB3S-2

J-7-E

S-l

power mocpin 1 chassis

Designation

commonpCO signal X 2 pH signal X 2 % Oxygen signal X 2 temperature/pCO signal temperature/pH signal temperature/D.O. signal

shield

signal pCO :sero offset pH signal pH zero offset % Oxygen signal %Oxygen zero offset selected temperature signal temperature zero offset temperature probe shield oxygen probe shield

high 115 VAC neutral

earth ground

Note: Underscored connections are at regulated voltage supply.

22

Page 23: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

I/Table 9. HP 25C Program for OmV pH Calcultion.

Registers

01234567

Buffer pH @ T C calibration0.198454.196Computed theoretical slopeEntered temperature @ pH calibration7.64 x ~6.65 x 107.531

Program

Line

12345678910111213

Sto 4 RC1 1 xRC1 2 +Sto 3 R/S RC1 4 x2

RC1 5 xRC1 4 RC1 6

Line

14151617181920212223242526

x

RC1 7

Sto 0 R/S Enter RC1 3

CLS RC1 0

GTO 00

Instructions

Key T C @ pH calibration Key R/S

Record theoretical slope, if needed Key R/S

Record buffer pH @ T C calibration, if needed Key Calibration data as - (mV reading)

i.e., -25.OmV will be keyed as 25.0 Key R/S

Record OmV pH value

I/ The mention of brand names if for identification purposes and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey

23

Page 24: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 29: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 33: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

connector J-1 J-2 J-3 J-4 J-5

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Page 37: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 38: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 39: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 40: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 41: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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PRAWN BY L D.

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Page 42: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Figure 19. Infrared analyzer response curves at rarious gain settings.

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Page 43: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 44: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 45: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

CHART POWER ON 1 mm/mm 5mm/min

O25mm/sec

EVENT

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DRAWN BY L D.

DATE JUNE '80

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Page 46: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

Figure 23

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Page 47: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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DRAWN BY L D

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Page 48: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

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Page 49: A CONTINUOUS WATER-SAMPLING AND · PDF fileAttenuation and amplifier schematic diagrams: ... (except when specific references are made) because it is practically ... Other signal connections

Channel 4 J4

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Figure 26. Wiring diagram of controls to recorder connectors.

DRAWN BY L.O.

DATE JiANE'90

49