A concise introduction to

06.2009 Jay Xu

Cloud Computing?

I. Introduction

II. Why Cloud Computing?

III. Components

IV. Advantages & Issues

V. Trends

VI. Players

VII. Q&A

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Agenda

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Voices!

“The rise of the cloud is more than just another platform shift that gets geeks excited. It will undoubtedly transform the IT industry, but it will also profoundly change the way people work and companies operate.” —The Economist, “Let it Rise,” 10/3/08

“The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we’ve redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do. […] The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women’s fashion. —Larry Ellison, Oracle

“It's stupidity. It's worse than stupidity: it's a marketing hype campaign.” —Richard Stallman , GNU

Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure in the “cloud” that supports them.(from Wikipedia)is “a style of computing where massively scalable IT related capabilities are provided 'as a service' using Internet technologies to multiple external customers.” (By Gartner)

The concept generally incorporates combinations of follows: Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (Paas) Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas)

public/external cloud; private/internal cloud; hybrid cloud

Introduction - concept

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Introduction – comparison

1980

2000 20081990

Grid computing (or the use of computational grids) is the application of several computers to a single problem at the same time — usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data.

Utility computing is the packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility (such as electricity, water, natural gas, or telephone network). This system has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire hardware; instead, computational resources are essentially rented.

Introduction – in-depth

Application SaaS

Platform PaaS

Infra. IaaS

Elements - HW/SW/Network/Storage Settings, Installations, and Configurations.Resources - Reservations from a pool of excess capacity in storage, computing, and networkA Web of Metadata - (What uses or contains what other things?)Lifecycle - (when and how can things change?)Governance - (Who has authority / responsibility to change, and how?)Architecture Views - (How are my concerns addressed?)

Why cloud computing?

The classical problem Under-utilized server resources

waste computing power (and energy)

Over-utilized servers cause interruption or degradation of service levels

The promise: Server resources are delivered on-

demand as usage-metered compute utilities

Cloud-user does not need to forecast demand

Turn fixed costs into variable costs

The emerging problems Highly dynamic scalability

demands Time to market

Leveraging the modern Web Evolution of Desktop apps to

Software-as-a-Service Programmable Web

The promise: Reduced provision lead times Scalability Sophisticated infrastructure is

available as Services

The promise: A stable, reliable platform to

develop, test and deploy network-centric end-user applications

Components - Client

A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it.

Mobile: Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile

Thin Client: Netbook, Nettop (some are gOS based system)A netbook is a small portable laptop computer designed for wireless communication and access to the Internet.

Thick Client/Web browser

Services

Application

Platform

Storage

Infrastructure

Client

Components - Services

A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed in real-time over the Internet”. For example, Web Services which may be accessed by other cloud computing components, software, or end users directly.

Identity : OAuth, OpenID

Integration : Amazon Simple Queue ServiceIt supports programmatic sending of messages via web service applications as a way to communicate over the internet.

Payments : Google Checkout, PayPal

Mapping : Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps

Search : Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS

Application

Platform

Storage

Infrastructure

Client

Services

Components - Application

A cloud application leverages the Cloud in software architecture, often eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support.

Peer-to-peer / volunteer computing : Bittorrent, BOINC Projects, Skype

Web application : Facebook

Software as a service : Google Apps, SAP and Salesforce

Software plus services : Microsoft Online ServicesSoftware plus Services describes the idea of combining hosted services with capabilities that are best achieved with locally running software.

Platform

Storage

Infrastructure

Client

Services

Application

Components - Platform

A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the delivery of a computing platform, and/or solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.

Web application frameworksJava Google Web Toolkit (Google App Engine)Python Django (Google App Engine)Ruby on Rails (Heroku).NET (Azure Services Platform)

Google App Engine is free up to a certain level of used resources.

Web hosting : Mosso

Proprietary : Force.comForce.com is a cloud computing platform as a service offering from Salesforce - the first of its kind allowing developers to build multi tenant applications that are hosted on their servers as a service.

Storage

Infrastructure

Client

Services

Application

Platform

Components - Storage

Cloud storage involves the delivery of data storage as a service, including database-like services, often billed on a utility computing basis, e.g., per gigabyte per month. * Suitable for US.

Cloud storage can be delivered as a service to cloud computing, or can be delivered to end points directly. The SNIA(Storage Networking Industry Association) is creating standards for Cloud Storage.

Database : Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable datastoreAmazon SimpleDB is a distributed database written in Erlang by Amazon.com.

Network attached storage : MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix CloudNAS

Synchronization : Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe push functions

Web service : Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN

Backup : Backup Direct, Iron Mountain Inc servicesBackup Direct is a UK provider of online data backup and IT security.

Infrastructure

Client

Services

Application

Platform

Storage

Components - Infrastructure

Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as a service, is the delivery of computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service.

Full virtualization : GoGrid, SkytapFull virtualization, in computer science, is a virtualization technique used to implement a certain kind of virtual machine environment: one that provides a complete simulation of the underlying hardware. GoGrid is a cloud infrastructure service, hosting Linux and Windows virtual machines managed by a multi-server control panel.

Grid computing : Sun GridSun Grid is an on-demand grid computing service operated by Sun Microsystems.

Management : RightScale

Compute : Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

Client

Services

Application

Platform

Storage

Infrastructure

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Advantages & Limitations - Key characteristics

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Advantages & Limitations - Key characteristics

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Advantages & Limitations - Key characteristics

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Advantages & Limitations - Key characteristics

The Cloud Computing Manifesto is a manifesto containing a "public declaration of principles and intentions" for cloud computing providers and vendors, annotated as "a call to action for the worldwide cloud community" and "dedicated belief that the cloud should be open".

User centric Philanthropic Openness Transparency Interoperability Representation Discrimination EvolutionBalanceSecurity

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Trends - Forecasting

Worldwide cloud services revenue is on pace to surpass $56.3 billion in 2009, a 21.3 percent increase from 2008 revenue of $46.4 billion, according to Gartner, Inc. The market is expected to reach $150.1 billion in 2013.

-- March 26, 2009 Gartner

Cloud Application Infrastructure Technologies Need Seven Years to MaturePhase 1: 2007 to 2011 — Pioneers and TrailblazersPhase 2: 2010 to 2013 — Market ConsolidationPhase 3: 2012 to 2015 and Beyond — Mainstream Critical Mass and Commoditization

-- from Gartner

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Players?

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Any Questions?

Thank You!Have a Good Weekend!

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From google trends

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Introduction - History

Amazon EC2(August 2006)

Google App Engine(April 2008)

Microsoft Azure(Oct 2008)

Facebook Platform

(May 2007)

Amazon S3(March 2006)

SalesforceAppExchange(March 2006)