a comparison of soil characteristics of an ultra- and a sub-urban area ian yesilonis richard pouyat
TRANSCRIPT
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A comparison of soil characteristics of an ultra-
and a sub-urban area
Ian YesilonisRichard Pouyat
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Citywide results
• P, K, and bulk density differentiated forest from residential soils possibly due to management.
• Ca and pH differentiated residential grass from other turf grass cover types.
• Cu, Pb, and Zn were related to automobile sources and not related to TRI sites.
• Heavy metals were not explained by land use/cover at citywide scale.
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Neighborhood scale• Ultra urban inner city neighborhood (WS263)• Suburban neighborhood (Cub Hill)
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Methods
• The 0-5 cm soil samples were taken randomly stratified by an Ecotope land use/cover classification system.
• The soils were digested with a strong acid.
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High residential density watershed
Low residential density watershed
1 km radius
Sampling design
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• Mostly constructed
Watershed 263 Ecotope map
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ResultsC: ConstructedD: DisturbedOM: Ornamental
Mixed vegetationOP: Ornamental Perennial
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WS 263 is higher in most soil metal and nutrient concentrations for each Ecotope class.
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Automobile by-products
Pb: 22, 120, 1700, 11, 56State average, Eco-SSL:plants, soil invertebrates, avian, and mammalian wildlife Cu: 20, 70, 80, 28, 51
Zn: 39
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Coal by-products
V: 63, (m) 280 Cr: 47.9, (m) Cr III 34, Cr IV 81
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Urban deposition of Calcium?
Lawn nutrients
Is the potassium from the surface geology, ie. Plagioclase feldspars?
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pH series
Increased management of young lawns?
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Opposite of what we expected!
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Conclusions• WS 263 had greater concentrations of Ca,
Zn, Pb, S, Cu, As, and Mn than Cub Hill.– The only metal of concern in WS 263 Pb.
• Cub Hill had greater concentrations of K.
• For the residential soils of Cub Hill Ca and pH were weakly correlated to age of residential development.
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Future Research
• Identify hot spots for accumulation of metals– Community awareness (intervention) – Directing mitigation efforts
• Understand relationship of metals to human exposure– Transport and movement– Source sink relationships
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Acknowledgements
• Thanks to the Cub Hill and WS263 residents who allowed us to take soil samples
• Ben Smith, Abe Kloze, Kate Donovan, and Laura Norris.
• Dave Nowak and Jeff Walton.
• Funding and in-kind support– USFS, BES, CUERE
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Cub Hill land use conversion from 1938 to 1996
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1938
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1943
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1953
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1996