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A CASE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR ENDOCARDIAL FIBROSIS IN A CAT

Leonardo Susta, DVM

Janildo Ludolf Reis, DVM

Elizabeth W. Howerth, DVM, Ph.D

A8-034732

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SIGNALMENT AND HISTORY

5 yr, female, DSH cat

Acute onset of illness

Respiratory distress

Died soon after presentation at the veterinary clinic

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GROSS FINDINGS

Petechiation on the lung

Pulmonary edema

Mottled liver with accentuation of lobular pattern

Heart was moderately enlarged and rounded

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MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS

Heart

The left ventricular endocardium is severely expanded by a thick layer of fibrosis

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MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS

The underlying myocardium shows:

extensive myofiber loss

replacement by fibrosis

increased number of small vessels

scattered infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages are present

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Masson Trichrome

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In the remaining parenchyma, there are multiple foci of fibrosis

Multifocally, the myocardial fibers show disarray

MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS

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MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS

Lungs: Multifocally, the alveolar septa are thickened

by a moderate amount of fibrous tissue and type II cells hyperplasia.

Rare bronchioles and alveolar ducts are filled by foamy macrophages which give to the lung a patchy consolidated appearance.

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ANATOMIC DIAGNOSIS

Heart: Left ventricular endocardial fibrosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Lung: multifocal to coalescing interstitial pneumonia with type cell II hyperplasia and fibrosis

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DISCUSSION Left endocardial ventricular fibrosis (LEVF) was previously named as restrictive cardiomyopathy

It is the less common cardiomyopathy in cats

It cause diastolic deficit with decreased cardiac output

Two forms of restrictive cardiomyopathy are present: - Subendocard ia l fi bros is

- Eccess of moderator bands that trasverse the left chamber

o The subendocardial fibrosis has been associated with endomyocarditis

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In an extensive survey, 28% of cats suffering from LEVF had interstitial pneumonia

Causation or concomitant underlying cause for both the lesions?

In our case LEVF was associated with histological lesions of cardiac hypertrophy.

DISCUSSION

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Acknowledgment:

Dr. Janildo L. Reis

Dr. Raquel Rech

Dr. Elizabeth W. Howerth

Dr. Corrie Brown

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QUESTIONS?

Thank you!