A brief on Fisheries and Aquaculture

Select Committee on Land and Environment

A brief on Fisheries and Aquaculture

Select Committee on Land and Environment

01 September 2009

222

Fisheries Sector of South AfricaFisheries Sector of South AfricaSouth Africa has well established fishery

sector & is currently net exporter of fishery products.

However, most South African fisheries are considered to be fully utilized & high value fisheries such as abalone, prawns & linefishare largely over-exploited.

Projected increase in demand for high end fisheries products provides an opportunity for substantial increases in aquaculture production.

South Africa’s commercial fishery industry is valued at about R2 billion annually & employs 22, 000 people

Total annual fish production from marine fisheries is more than 600 000 tons

FAO – world’s commercial fish stock are fully exploited, over exploited or depleted

333

Context - environmentContext - environment

Catches are at a historical lowIncreased demand and technological advances Shifts in distribution – environmental factorsTo show examples – 3 major fisheries

444

HakeHake

M. paradoxus M. capensis

Spaw

ning

bio

mas

s ('0

00 m

t)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1917

1921

1925

1929

1933

1937

1941

1945

1949

1953

1957

1961

1965

1969

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1997

2001

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1917

1921

1925

1929

1933

1937

1941

1945

1949

1953

1957

1961

1965

1969

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1997

2001

Deepwater hake (M. paradoxus)

555

West Coast Rock LobsterWest Coast Rock LobsterWest Coast rock lobster landed catch (tons whole mass) and area-aggregated standardized trap CPUE normalized to the mean, 1891-2004.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1400018

91

1901

1911

1921

1931

1941

1951

1961

1970

1980

1990

2000

Cat

ch (t

who

le m

ass)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

CPU

E (k

g/tra

p)

Catch

CPUE

666

West Coast Rock LobsterWest Coast Rock Lobster

Approx. 70% caught 30 yrs ago

Now 90% caught- Dassen Is & Cape P

Mostly affected – traditional fishermen

777

PilchardPilchard

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1994 2005

% o

f ann

ual c

atch

es

SouthEastWest Coast

888

Socio – and economic contextSocio – and economic context

Lower catches – fewer jobs Shifts in distribution – mismatch - infrastructure and catchesTrucking fish - extra cost - to R80m – R750m p/aIndustry sources – additional costs - profitsFactories relocated - WCRL and plans to relocate PilchardEconomic activity due to fishing – diminished West CoastUnemployment rife – last resort – fishing rightLarge proportion of fish workers non-permanentAlternative economic opportunities

TourismAquacultureOther…..

999

Employment Employment

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Hake WCRL Pilchard

% E

mpl

oym

ent

Permanent JobsNon-permanent Jobs

101010

Definition: “Culture of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and plants either in cages within the shallow waters of the ocean/dams or structures on land fed by water”

Globally aquaculture is expanding rapidly – 9% annual growthThe contribution of aquaculture to total fisheries consumption has grown from 9% in 1980 to 47% today (FAO, 2008).

China contributes 67% towards global aquaculture production

Aquaculture

111111

Aquaculture Sector of South Africa Aquaculture Sector of South Africa

Given current market trends, South Africa’s environmental potential for aquaculture & state of development of its industry, production could grow from current level of 3712 tons (worth R371 million) to over 90 000 tons (worth R2.4 billion) over next 10-20years.

In 2008, direct employment on farms was 2000 (3600 if consider services sector- feeds, processing, security, transport, packaging, manufacturing of equipment, research, government services).

If production grows to projected level of 90 000tons per annum, industry will have employment potential of over 44 000 people.

121212

Aquaculture growth has not exceeded expectations in SAHowever there has been some success stories – eg abaloneAbalone farming

Production in 2008 – 1000tons (from 20tons in 1996)Growth – 10% (>global growth of 9%)Value in 2008 – R283m (94% of total sector value)With about 27% Return on Investment

Aquaculture cont…..

131313

South African Aquaculture Production (2008)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Rainbo

w trout

Abalon

eMus

sel

Oyster

Tilap

iaKoi

carp

Catfish

Carp

Ornam

ental

fish

Mullet

Large

mouth

bass

Marron

Prawn

Marine

finfis

hTons p.a.

141414

South African Aquaculture Production (2008)

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

Abalon

e

Rainbo

w trout

Ornam

ental

fish

Oyster

Marron

Musse

lKoi

carp

Tilap

iaCatf

ishCar

pMull

et

Large

mouth

bass

Value Rm

151515

Abalone (1000t; R280m)Abalone (1000t; R280m)

161616

TROUT (1650t: R42.5m)Trout (1300t; R35m)

171717

Ornamental Fish (5 million; R8.7m)Ornamental species (4t/480000; R12m)

181818

Mussels (800t; R7m)

191919Oysters (225t; R10m)

202020

Tilapia (220t; R2.4m)Tilapia (180t; R1.2m)

212121

Restructuring of Gov. May 2009Restructuring of Gov. May 2009

DEAT functions transferred to 3 new depts

Tourism

DWE

DAFF

Most functions of MCM are controlled by the Marine Living Resources Act and the Integrated Coastal Management Act

Marine aquaculture function has been transferred to DAFF

Rest of the functions have been transferred to DWE

President signed proclamation on 22 June 2009

222222

Transfer of marine aquaculture to DAFF - Proclamations Transfer of marine aquaculture to DAFF - Proclamations

232323

242424

Institutional arrangementsInstitutional arrangements

Responsible Authorities DAFF (Freshwater & Marine Aquaculture, Veterinary Services, Farmer Support and Capacity Building); DST(development of adequate technology), DTI (support in the form of capital & business skills); DWAF (water use licensing), DoH (public health & safety), SABS and PDs of Environmental Affairs (EIAs), municipalities

Advisory Forum

Policy & Strategic FrameworkFreshwater & Marine Aquaculture Policies & StrategiesWater Use Policy for AquacultureProvincial Aquaculture Implementation PlansIndustrial Policy Framework & Action Plan

252525

Institutional arrangements (cont’d) Institutional arrangements (cont’d)

Legislative FrameworkNational Environmental Management Act; Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act; Animal Diseases Act; Animal Improvement Act; Marine Living Resources Act; National Water ActAdherence to International Treaties & Conventions

Aquaculture Sector Working Group (ASWG)Northern Aquaculture Working Group (NAWG) (FS, GP, LP, MP, NW)Southern Aquaculture Working Group (SAWG) (EC, KZN, NC, WC)

DAFF Secretariat for ASWG

Need to align policies, strategies, legislation, institutional arrangements etcNeed to create internal capacity

262626

Aquaculture facilities in the country Aquaculture facilities in the country

Public diagnostic laboratoriesThe Competent Authority has a MoU for diagnostics & research with Agricultural Research Council (ARC); Provincial Veterinary Diagnostic laboratories.

Public research laboratoriesARC, Sea Point Research Aquarium, Academic Institutions (Universities of Limpopo, Rhodes, Stellenbosch, Free State and Johannesburg).

Private laboratoriesRand Water, CSIR, Golden Vetpath Idexx, Molecular Diagnostic Services, Sterkspruit Veterinary Clinic and Amanzi Biosecurity.

272727

Current freshwater projectsCurrent freshwater projects

282828

Provincial Aquaculture Programme (PAP) (DAFF-WRC) Provincial Aquaculture Programme (PAP) (DAFF-WRC)

Provincial development plans Core focal provinces• FS, KZN, LP, MP, NWSecondary interventions• EC, WC,GP, NC

Issues addressedRevitalisation of existing state facilitiesInstitutional support for the Provinces Capacity building CPPP modelsAssist to farmers to penetrate markets

292929

DAFF, DST, DWAE Collaborative Programme DAFF, DST, DWAE Collaborative Programme

Tilapia-Catfish and HDPE cages in State Owned waterworks7 provinces (excluding WC & GP)Preliminary results have shown that candidate species may not grow fast enough to make this viableFurther work will look at other species and the development of an inland capture fisheries program

303030

Capacity Building ProgrammeCapacity Building Programme

Training of provincial officials:DAFF supported programme to take place at different State Hatcheries (Gariep, Turfloop, Makhatini etc.)Participation in other training programmes offered locally

Training of farmers and other interested partiesEmployment of Aquaculture Officials within relevant Provinces toincrease capacity to provide technical support to farmers

313131

323232

RealitiesRealities

None of the dams in South Africa is suitable for the cage culture of Tilapia Tilapia fillets can be imported at prices below production costs in South Africa Some dams are suitable for cage culture of trout – but this is largely dependent on conservation and biodiversity issues Species such as Carp may be more suitable for local food fish production This would require additional research and capacity building to improve production, processing and marketingThis technology is available to South Africa through strategic partners such as China, Denmark and the United Kingdom

333333

New challenges and opportunitiesNew challenges and opportunities

Alternative freshwater species such as carp for cold water aquaculture ( Food fish for local consumption and processing )Development of an inland fisheries sector using small, medium and large water bodies with a support infrastructure ( hatcheries) to maintain viable populations of fish

343434

Threats to the South Africa Aquaculture Sector Threats to the South Africa Aquaculture Sector

Limited capacities (expertise & aquaculture professionals)

Lack of technical skills & support (Extension Services)

High feed, equipment & technology costs

Limited government support, veterinary services & disease management

Lack of species choice & good seed stock

Complex resource-based legislationLack of marketing services & access to

financeClimatic variability & seasonality

Lunsklip Trout Farm near Lydenburg

Tilapia produced at Makhathini

353535

Opportunities for the Aquaculture Sector in South Africa Opportunities for the Aquaculture Sector in South Africa

Good natural resources & infrastructure

Demand for affordable alternative protein sources

Aquaculture on government agenda

High potential for agricultural diversificationPotential for export opportunitiesLinkages with tourismGrowing economy & good economic climate

Mussel farming activitiesSmall-scale Trout farming with cages

Large commercial Abalone farming

363636

Current Aquaculture Development Programmes Current Aquaculture Development Programmes

Revitalization/establishment of State-Owned HatcheriesCage-culture Pilots in State-Owned Waterworks &

coastal areasCapacity Building Programme for Scientists, Extension

Officers, Veterinarians, Animal Health Technicians/Technologists & Inspectors

Aquaculture development zonesR&D on candidate culture species

373737

International engagementsInternational engagementsChina – capacity building programme (freshwater)Norway – capacity building programme (marine)Mozambique – R&DHungary – R&D (ARC&DST)World Fish Centre –R&DFAO - COFIRegional engagements in standard setting

SADC, OIE, NEPAD

383838

Thank you! Thank you!