02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 1/15 112VotesABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheoryManagementTheories>MotivationTheoryWhatisMotivation?MotivationistheanswertothequestionWhywedowhatwedo?.ThemotivationtheoriestrytofigureoutwhattheMisintheequation:MmotivatesP(MotivatormotivatesthePerson).Itisoneofmostimportantdutyofanentrepreneurtomotivatepeople.(Istronglybelivethatmotivatingpeoplewithvisionaryandsharedgoalsismorefavorablethanmotivatingthroughtactics,incentivesormanipulationthroughsimplecarrotandstickapproachesbecausemotivatingwithvisionisnaturalwherastheformerisartificialandephemeral).Now,letsriseontheshouldersofthegiants:AClassificationofMotivationTheories(Contentvs.Process)Motivationtheoriescanbeclassifiedbroadlyintotwodifferentperspectives:ContentandProcesstheories.ContentTheoriesdealwithwhatmotivatespeopleanditisconcernedwithindividualneedsandgoals.Maslow,Alderfer,HerzbergandMcCellandstudiedmotivationfromacontentperspective.ProcessTheoriesdealwiththeprocessofmotivationandisconcernedwithhowmotivationoccurs.Vroom,Porter&Lawler,AdamsandLockestudiedmotivationfromaprocessperspective.1.ContentTheoriesaboutMotivationAbrahamMaslowsHierarchyofNeedsWhenmotivationtheoryisbeingconsideredthefirsttheorythatisbeingrecalledisMaslowshierarchyofneedswhichhehasintroducedinhis1943articlenamedasATheoryofHumanMotivation.Accordingtothistheory,individualstrivestoseekahigherneedwhenlowerneedsarefulfilled.Oncealowerlevelneedissatisfied,itnolongerservesasasourceofmotivation.Needsaremotivatorsonlywhentheyareunsatisfied.Inthefirstlevel,physiologicalneedsexistwhichincludethemostbasicneedsforhumanstosurvive,suchasair,waterandfood.Inthesecondlevel,safetyneedsexistwhichincludepersonalsecurity,health,wellbeingandsafetyagainstaccidentsremain.Inthethirdlevel,belongingneedsexit.Thisiswherepeopleneedtofeelasenseofbelongingandblogaboutentrepreneurshipandinnovation02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 2/15acceptance.Itisaboutrelationships,familiesandfriendship.Organizationsfulfillthisneedforpeople.Inthefourthlevel,selfesteemneedsremain.Thisiswherepeoplelookstoberespectedandtohaveselfrespect.Achievementneeds,respectofothersareinthislevel.Inthetoplevel,selfactualizationneedsexist.Thislevelofneedpertainstorealisingthepersonsfullpotential.AlderfersERGTheoryIn1969,ClaytonP.Alderfer,simplifiedMaslowstheorybycategorizinghierarchyofneedsintothreecategories:PhysiologicalandSafetyneedsaremergedinExistenceNeeds,BelongingneedsisnamedasRelatednessNeeds,SelfesteemandSelfactualizationneedsaremergedinGrowthNeedsHerzbergsTwoFactorTheoryFrederickHerzberg,introducedhisTwoFactorTheoryin1959.Hesuggestedthattherearetwokindsoffactorsaffectmotivation,andtheydoitindifferentways:1)Hygienefactors:Aseriesofhygienefactorscreatedissatisfactionifindividualsperceivethemasinadequateorinequitable,yetindividualswillnotbesignificantlymotivatedifthesefactorsareviewedasadequateorgood.Hygienefactorsareextrinsicandincludefactorssuchassalaryorremuneration,jobsecurityandworkingconditions.2)Motivators:Theyareintrinsicfactorssuchassenseofachievement,recognition,responsibility,andpersonalgrowth.Thehygienefactorsdeterminedissatisfaction,andmotivatorsdeterminesatisfaction.Herzbergtheoryconformswithsatisfactiontheorieswhichassertthatasatisfiedemployeetendstoworkinthesameorganizationbutthissatisfactiondoesnotalwaysresultinbetterperformance.Inotherwords,satisfactiondoesnotcorrelatewithproductivity.McClellandsAchievementNeedTheoryinhis1961booknamedasTheAchievingSociety,DavidMcClellandidentifiedthreebasicneedsthatpeopledevelopandacquirefromtheirlifeexperiences.Needsforachievement:Thepersonwhohaveahighneedforachievementseeksachievementandtriestoattainchallenginggoals.Thereisastrongneedforfeedbackastoachievementandprogress,andaneedforasenseofaccomplishment.Thepersonwhohaveahighachievementneedlikestotakepersonalresponsibility.Needsforaffiliation:Thepersonwhohaveahighneedforaffiliationneedsharmoniousrelationshipswith02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 3/15peopleandneedstobeacceptedbyotherpeople.(Peopleorientedratherthantaskoriented).Needsforpower:Thepersonwhohaveaneedforpowerwantstodirectandcommandotherpeople.Mostmanagershaveahighneedforpower.Althoughthesecategoriesofneedsarenotexlusive,generallyindividualsdevelopadominantbiasoremphasistowardsoneofthethreeneeds.Entrepreneursusuallyhavehighdegreeofachivementneeds.IncentiveTheoryIncentivetheorysuggeststhatemployeewillincreaseher/hisefforttoobtainadesiredreward.Thisisbasedonthegeneralprincipleofreinforcement.Thedesiredoutcomeisusuallymoney.Thistheoryiscoherentwiththeearlyeconomictheorieswheremanissupposedtoberationalandforecastsarebasedontheprincipleofeconomicman.2.ProcessTheoriesaboutMotivationExpectancyTheoryExpectancyTheoryarguesthathumansactaccordingtotheirconsciousexpectationsthataparticularbehaviorwillleadtospecificdesirablegoals.VictorH.Vroom,developedtheexpectancytheoryin1964,producingasystematicexplanatorytheoryofworkplacemotivation.Theoryassertsthatthemotivationtobehaveinaparticularwayisdeterminedbyanindividualsexpectationthatbehaviourwillleadtoaparticularoutcome,multipliedbythepreferenceorvalencethatpersonhasforthatoutcome.ThreecomponentsofExpectancytheoryare:1. Expectancy:E>P.Thebeliefofthepersonthather/hiseffort(E)willresultinattainmentofdesiredperformance(P)goals.2. Instrumentality:P>R.Thebeliefofthepersonthatshe/hewillreceiveareward(R)iftheperformance(P)expectationismet.3. Valence:Thevalueoftherewardaccordingtotheperson.(e.g.Istherewardattractivetotheperson?)Theequationsuggeststhathumanbehaviourisdirectedbysubjectiveprobability.GoalTheoryFollowFollow Get every new post deliveredto your Inbox.Join 52 other followersEnteryouremailaddressSignmeupBuild a website with WordPress.com02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 4/15EdwinLockeproposedGoalTheoryin1968,whichproposesthatmotivationandperformancewillbehighifindividualsaresetspecificgoalswhicharechallenging,butaccepted,andwherefeedbackisgivenonperformance.Thetwomostimportantfindingsofthistheoryare:1. Settingspecificgoals(e.g.IwanttoearnamillionbeforeIam30)generateshigherlevelsofperformancethansettinggeneralgoals(e.g.Iwanttoearnalotofmoney).2. Thegoalsthatarehardtoachievearelinearlyandpositivelyconnectedtoperformance.Theharderthegoal,themoreapersonwillworktoreachit.AdamsEquityTheoryDevelopedbyJohnStaceyAdamsin1963,EquityTheorysuggeststhatiftheindividualperceivesthattherewardsreceivedareequitable,thatis,fairorjustincomparisonwiththosereceivedbyothersinsimilarpositionsinoroutsidetheorganization,thentheindividualfeelssatisfied.Adamsassertedthatemployeesseektomaintainequitybetweentheinputsthattheybringtoajobandtheoutcomesthattheyreceivefromitagainsttheperceivedinputsandoutcomesofothers.PleasefollowthelinkforManagementTheories:Sharethis:Twitter 17 Facebook 149 Facebook68ResponsestoABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory Like3bloggerslikethis.32 5 RateThisfarrahulmomineensays:October28,2011at07:54reallygoodwork..keepitupReply26 10 RateThisozgurzansays:October28,2011at09:16Thanksforyourencouragement.Reply02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 5/1512 4 RateThisNehasays:March26,2013at21:12reallyverybriefednconveringalltheessentialdetail13 6 RateThisAllansays:October19,2012at04:59Thisisreallygreat.Canbeusedinapostgraduatestudies.Reply15 7 RateThisDrishyasays:November6,2011at17:32exactlygoodformaassignment.Reply13 1 RateThiscalvinsays:November26,2011at15:57youareawesome.Reply12 1 RateThisdeepaksays:December8,2011at15:09goodworkReply8 2 RateThisSandysays:December12,2011at18:54Whenwasthisfirstpublished?WouldyoumindifIusedthisinformationforacollegeassignment?ImnottalkingaboutcopyingitIamtalkingaboutpresentingmythoughtsonyourinformationandprovidingyourlinktomyclassmatesandinstructor.Thanksforyourtimeandattention.Reply6 3 RateThisozgurzansays:December13,2011at09:53Youcanpresentyourthoughtsonthisarticle,andIwillappreciateifyoucansendyour(you,classmatesandinstructor)thoughts.02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 6/15Reply3 0 RateThiswazirisays:January16,2013at13:48whatisthesimilarityanddifferencebetweencontentandprocesstheory?4 3 RateThisaarefasays:January29,2012at14:18thanksitvlrealyhelpmeformaprojectReply8 2 RateThisShankarsays:February4,2012at08:34Excellent!!Ithassimplifiedmyunderstandingaboutthissubject!!Keepyourgoodworkgoing!!Reply2 6 RateThisTeambuildingusingdiscsays:March6,2012at18:34Oneofthemostcriticalaswellasefficientmethodsforpreservingemployeesencouragedandalsoproductivenesslevelssubstantialarebysimplystandardevaluations.GivingparticularpersonpersonnelvaluationsismuchmoreincentivemarocReply1 1 RateThisSanthoshsays:April8,2012at15:03ReallyusefullinmyprovisionalReply1 1 RateThisseidamohammedsays:April28,2012at21:51itisgoodopportunityforourwork10QallofyouReplyBIRONGOVEDHERKOsays:02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 7/154 2 RateThisMay3,2012at08:43Irealthanku4uatimethatuspenttogiveusthisimportantnotes.plizkeepitupReply3 1 RateThisedmorerunesusays:May15,2012at23:03thispieceofworkisexcellentReply2 1 RateThisAkinolaMusaOsays:June23,2012at10:53Ireallylikethis.thanksalot.Reply2 1 RateThisObvioussays:June30,2012at16:21IreallyenjoyedyourinformationReply4 2 RateThisrosysays:July12,2012at14:50reallyveryusefulReply1 0 RateThisanindadasguptasays:July29,2012at19:37itsansalientlyenrichforundergraduatestudents.Reply2 0 RateThisdefinitionofentrepreneurshipdictionarysays:August9,2012at02:17Iamnownotsuretheplaceyouregettingyourinformation,howevergoodtopic.Imustspendsometimefindingoutmoreorunderstandingmore.ThankyouforfantasticinfoIusedtobesearchingforthisinformationformymission.02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 8/15Reply2 0 RateThisAimensays:August11,2012at08:39greatwork,thanksalotReply3 0 RateThisarathysays:August15,2012at17:32helpedalot4completingmaassignmentexcellentwork..keepitup:)Reply1 0 RateThisBrightsays:September1,2012at04:02PerfectandfantasticReply1 1 RateThisAbubakarSammaniAlatusays:September19,2012at01:07Youhavetried.Reply2 0 RateThisganeeshasays:September23,2012at17:38ThanksalotReply3 0 RateThisdanzsays:September23,2012at17:40Niceanswer..thanks.ReplyTemiteemsays:September24,2012at12:0802/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 9/154 0 RateThisThisiswonderful.Imustsayiam*impressed**Reply3 0 RateThisFelicitysays:September25,2012at03:37Thisinfohelpedmetounderstandthesubject.ThankyouReply2 0 RateThisayshasays:September26,2012at19:49yoastarReply3 0 RateThisSibanandaS.M.Tripathysays:September27,2012at19:14ExcellentWorkMotivationSimplified&ConciseThanksalotforthepostReply5 0 RateThisEdenTadessesays:September28,2012at08:33WOWItssimplebutstillprecise,Itsbriefyetsoclearcutandfantastic!Thispiecegavemeabetterunderstandingofmotivationfromadifferentpointofview.ThankyouandGodBlessxxReply3 0 RateThisozgurzansays:May28,2013at16:16Thanks.Reply1 1 RateThisCareysays:October16,2012at19:23Wowjstwatineededgoodwork!Reply02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 10/151 0 RateThisvenkatesansays:November8,2012at10:50verygoodReply1 1 RateThisrenatamrakarsays:November24,2012at07:05iwanteactlyknowwhatistheAbrahamMaslowstheoryofmotivation?Reply2 0 RateThisShankarsays:December9,2012at04:51Thanku..Reply2 0 RateThisTerrysays:February2,2013at05:27Thankyou,thishelpedtobreakitdown.Reply2 0 RateThisKristyB.says:April11,2013at04:35thisgivesadetaileddescriptionofbothcontentandprocesstheories..brilliantwork!!!Reply0 0 RateThisozgurzansays:May28,2013at16:16thanks.Reply0 0 RateThisfaro7asays:April17,2013at16:47thatsreallyusefulthanks02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 11/15Reply0 0 RateThissahadfazaliksays:May5,2013at23:36GoodworkReallyappreciatableReply2 0 RateThisOndukupenasays:May19,2013at21:05Motivationtheoryisamostreadtopicforeverymanagementstudentandmanagers.itisthedutyofmanagerstoidentifytheneedsoftheindividualsinthereorganization/firm.Reply0 0 RateThisAlexsays:May20,2013at10:16Imnotsoenthusiasticaboutthetext.Why?ThereisnoabriefstatementonthenatureofprocesstheoriesasitwasdoneinthecaseofcontenttheoriesReply0 0 RateThisRaufyetundesays:May22,2013at09:39Nicework.Reply0 0 RateThisyusufmojisolamaradonasays:May26,2013at13:52Nicework,itreallyhelpsinmyassignment.MoregreasetoyourelbowReply2 0 RateThisozgurzansays:May28,2013at16:15Thanks.Reply02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 12/15Pingback:HowtoMOTIVATEyourLEARNersfinallytheMagicBullet(fromheaven)!|allthingslearning1 0 RateThisshorizandsays:May28,2013at16:02Ivereadseveralgoodstuffhere.Definitelyworthbookmarkingforrevisiting.Iwonderhowmucheffortyouputtocreatesuchamagnificentinformativewebsite.Reply0 0 RateThisozgurzansays:May28,2013at16:15Thanksforyourkindcomments.ThiscontentconsistsofthenotesIsummarizedduringmyPh.D.studies.Reply1 0 RateThisMohammadYasirsays:May29,2013at20:29greatjobMr.ozgurzanwishyouallthebest..Reply2 0 RateThisozgurzansays:May29,2013at20:36ThanksReply0 0 RateThisyusufmojisolamaradonasays:June18,2013at15:00GoodjobReply1 0 RateThisyusufmojisolamaradonasays:June18,2013at15:05NicejobbutistherenocontributionofporterandlawlerinprocesstheoriesatallReplydaresays:June24,2013at17:1402/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 13/150 0 RateThisThisisalifesavingblog.Reply0 0 RateThisJaysays:July15,2013at11:38SimpleButstrongGoodpieceofworkReply1 0 RateThisAdamMustaphasays:July20,2013at08:13Abrainywork.Infact,amasterpieceofinformation.Aconceptthatseemtoodifficulttoteachandunderstandhasfinallybeenstripednaked.ThankuandGodBlessu.Reply0 0 RateThisozgurzansays:July20,2013at12:00ThanksforyourkindcommentsReply0 0 RateThisthisyoutubeclipemusicfreetrialsays:August1,2013at03:52Prettysectionofcontent.IjuststumbleduponyourweblogandinaccessioncapitaltoassertthatIgetinfactenjoyedaccountyourblogposts.AnywayIllbesubscribingtoyouraugmentandevenIachievementyouaccessconsistentlyquickly.Reply0 0 RateThisAhmedMustaphasays:August13,2013at15:39Thanksforthiswork.Ithasimprovedmyknowledgeonmotivation.Pleasepermitmetomakereferencestoitinmyproject.Thanks.Reply0 0 RateThisozgurzansays:August13,2013at20:35Yes,sureyoucan.02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 14/15Reply1 1 RateThisphindilesays:August18,2013at19:54greatnicesummaryReply0 0 RateThisoyesanyaayomiposays:August31,2013at23:33youindeedaneducatorireallylovethisexplanationReply0 0 RateThissherronsays:September30,2013at04:21IamverypleasedwiththeinformationprovideitwillbeofgreathelptomesinceIhavetodoapresentationonthisverytopic.Thanks.Reply1 0 RateThisBiscuitsays:December10,2013at01:40ThoughImanundergraduateintheUK,yourexplanationisverygoodparticularlyforthosewhofindthetextbookveryacademicallyheavyinlanguage.However,canIimploythatitsgoodforuserstostillreadandquotefromanacademictextbookforreferencingandbibliographyanddiscussyouimplicationsonthecompanycasestudy.Remember,plagirismisnotacceptableinacademia.Reply1 2 RateThisRogerssays:February24,2014at14:54Thisisextremelygood,itreallyfitsmyassignmentReply2 2 RateThisSumithsays:July3,2014at11:50Verygoodcontent.02/08/2015 ABriefIntroductiontoMotivationTheory|http://ozgurzan.com/management/managementtheories/theoriesaboutmotivation/ 15/15ReplyTheTwentyTenTheme. BlogatWordPress.com.