A Brief History of … Electronic Materials

Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs)

Cost: $100 - $1502010(32 GB)

Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime)(32 GB)

1980(20 GB)

Ford F 150 Baby grand 1 TB hard Ford F-150 (~4500 lbs)

Baby grand piano (~600 lbs)

1 TB hard drive (~3 lbs)

A Brief History of … Electronic Materials

Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs)

Cost: $100 - $1502010(32 GB)

Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime)(32 GB)

1980(20 GB)

Ford F-150 McLauren F1 ( $9 0 000)

Paul Allen’s yacht ( $ illi )(~$30,000) (~$970,000) (~$100 million)

A Brief History of … Electronic Materials

Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs)

Cost: $100 - $1502010(32 GB)

Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime)(32 GB)

i h ( lb )

1980(20 GB)

Weight: 2,000,000 g (4400lbs)

Cost: $648,000 - $1,137,600

Size: 70’’ x 44’’ x 32’’ (for each 2.5 GB Size: 70 x 44 x 32 (for each 2.5 GB cabinet)

Key Semiconductor properties

1. Negative temperature coefficient of resistance conductivity increases with increasing

temperature

2. Photoconductivityresistivity depends on

5. Electroluminescencean applied voltage can resistivity depends on

the light intensityan applied voltage can

produce light

image from crunchgear.com

3. Photovoltaic effects 4. Rectification

image from allwin21.com image from instructables.com

light can produce current & voltage

resistance varies with the direction of current flow

Michael Faraday: Negative temperature coefficient of resistance (1833)

Willoughby Smith: Photoconductivity of Se (1873)

William Adams and Richard Day – the first photovoltaic cell (Se, 1876)(below: The first solar powered battery at Bell labs, 1954)

Jagadish Bose – Rectification (1874)

Henri Round – Electroluminescence discovered at the Marconi company (1907)

Russell Ohl – The discovery of the PN Junction (Bell Labs, 1927 – 1940)

Pearson and Bardeen - Theory of Dopants (Bell Labs, 1949)

The point-contact transistor – Bardeen and Brittain (1947)

“The birth of the point-contact transistor was a magnificent Christmas present to the Christmas present to the group…[But] my elation was tempered by not being one of the inventors.”

The junction transistor –Shockley (1948)

Technology Today

Intel quad core i7 processor (~8x109

transistors)

Multijunction solar cells (50% efficient)(50% efficient)

Flexible displays (0.3mm thick)

Materials challenges for our (your) generation

oHighly efficient, cost effective solar cells

o Solar-fuel systems and improved battery technology

o Environmental materials engineering (e g water purification) o Environmental materials engineering (e.g., water purification)

oAdvanced computing (optical computing, spin computing)

oImaging and visualization (display technology)g g p y gy

oEngineered materials (with properties not attainable in nature)

“What the world does in the coming decade will have

enormous consequences that will last for centuries. It is imperative

that we begin without further d l ” St Chdelay.” – Steve Chu