A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BAT FATALITY, ACTIVITY, and

INTERACTIONS WITH WIND TURBINES

Prepared by:

Gregory D. Johnson

Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc.

2003 Central Avenue

Cheyenne, WY 82001

and

Edward B. Arnett

Bat Conservation International

P.O. Box 162603

Austin, TX 78716

1 June 2004

(Updated 15 June 2011)

Unpublished Reports on Bat Fatality and Interactions at Wind Facilities in North America

Anderson, R. L., D. Strickland, J. Tom, N. Neumann, W. Erickson, J. Cleckler, G. Mayorga, G.

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monitoring and risk assessment at Tehachapi Pass and San Gorgonio Pass wind resource

areas, California: Phase 1 preliminary results. Proceedings of the National Avian-Wind

Power Planning Meeting 3:31-46. National Wind Coordinating Committee, Washington,

D.C.

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Arnett, E. B., editor. 2005. Relationships between bats and wind turbines in Pennsylvania and

West Virginia: an assessment of bat fatality search protocols, patterns of fatality, and

behavioral interactions with wind turbines. A final report submitted to the Bats and Wind

Energy Cooperative. Bat Conservation International, Austin, Texas, USA.

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Arnett, E. B., J. P. Hayes, and M. M. P. Huso. 2006. Patterns of pre-construction bat

activity at a proposed wind facility in south-central Pennsylvania. An annual report

submitted to the Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative. Bat Conservation International.

Austin, Texas, USA.

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Arnett, E. B., M. D. Strickland, M. L. Morrison. 2007. Renewable energy resources and wildlife:

impacts and opportunities. Transactions of the 72nd

North American Wildlife and Natural

Resources Conference 72: 65–95.

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Arnett, E. B., M. M. P. Huso, D. S. Reynolds, and M. Schirmacher. 2007a. Patterns of pre-

construction bat activity at a proposed wind facility in northwest Massachusetts. An

annual report submitted to the Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative. Bat Conservation

International. Austin, Texas, USA.

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Arnett, E. B., D. B. Inkley, D. H. Johnson, R. P. Larkin, S. Manes, A. M. Manville, J. R. Mason,

M. L. Morrison, M. D. Strickland, and R. Thresher. 2007b. Impacts of wind energy

facilities on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Wildlife Society Technical Review 07-2. The

Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Arnett, E. B., M. R. Schirmacher, M. M. P. Huso, and J. P. Hayes. 2009a. Patterns of bat

fatality at the Casselman Wind Project in south-central Pennsylvania. An annual report

submitted to the Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative and the Pennsylvania Game

Commission. Bat Conservation International. Austin, Texas, USA.

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Arnett, E. B., M. Schirmacher, M. M. P. Huso, and J. P. Hayes. 2009b. Effectiveness of

changing wind turbine cut-in speed to reduce bat fatalities at wind facilities. An annual

report submitted to the Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative. Bat Conservation

International. Austin, Texas, USA.

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Arnett, E. B., M. M. P. Huso, J.P. Hayes, and M. Schirmacher. 2010. Effectiveness of

changing wind turbine cut-in speed to reduce bat fatalities at wind facilities. A final

report submitted to the Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative. Bat Conservation

International. Austin, Texas, USA.

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Baerwald, E. 2007a. Bat fatalities in southern Alberta. Proceedings of the Wildlife Research

Meeting VI, November 2006, San Antonio, Texas, USA. National Wind Coordinating

Collaborative (NWCC).

Baerwald, E.2007b. Prairie winds: migrating bats and wind energy in Canada. BATS, A

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facilities in southern Alberta: causes and consequences. Thesis, University of Calgary,

Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

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October 2009.

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2010.

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Cincinnati, Ohio. February 2010.

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turbines Castle River Wind Farm, Alberta. Report for VisionQuest Windelectric, Inc.,

Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

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Brown, W. K., and B. L. Hamilton. 2006a. Bird and bat monitoring at the McBride Lake Wind

Farm, Alberta, 2003-2004. Report for Vision Quest Windelectric, Inc., Calgary, Alberta,

Canada. (insert Mcbride Alberta Canada)

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Brown, W. K., and B. L. Hamilton. 2006b. Monitoring of bird and bat collisions with wind

turbines at the Summerview Wind Power Project, Alberta, 2005-2006. Report for Vision

Quest Windelectric, Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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California Energy Commission (CEC) and California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG).

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Technology, Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming. June 3, 2009.

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report for avian and bat mortality at the NPPD Ainsworth Wind Farm. Report prepared

for Nebraska Public Power District. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., Cheyenne,

Wyoming, USA.

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Ecology and Environment, I. 2009. Bat mist-netting survey report for Black Fork Wind, LLC,

Crawford and Richland Counties, Ohio. Prepared for Black Fork Wind, LLC, Denver,

Colorado. Prepared by Ecology and Environment, Inc., Overland Park, Kansas. October

2009.

Enk, T., K. Bay, M. Sonnenberg, J. Baker, M. Kesterke, J. Boehrs, and A. Palochak. 2010.

Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Phase I post-construction avian and bat monitoring second

annual report, Sherman County, Oregon. January 26, 2009 - December 11, 2009.

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EcoSystems Technology, Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Walla Walla, Washington.

April 2010.

Erickson, W. P., G. D. Johnson, M. D. Strickland, and K. Kronner. 2000. Final Report: avian

and bat mortality associated with the Vansycle wind project, Umatilla County, Oregon

1999 study year. Report for Umatilla County Dept. Resource Services and Development.

Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA.

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Erickson, W. P., G. D. Johnson, M. D. Strickland, D. P. Young Jr, K. J. Sernka, and R. E. Good,

M. Bourassa, K. Bay, and K. Sernka. 2002. Synthesis and comparison of baseline avian

and bat use, raptor nesting and mortality information from proposed and existing wind

developments. Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Erickson W. P., P. B. Gritski, and K. Kronner. 2003. Nine Canyon Wind Power Project Avian

and Bat Monitoring Annual Report. Technical report submitted to Energy Northwest and

the Nine Canyon Technical Advisory Committee. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc.,

Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA.

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Erickson, W. P., J. Jeffrey, K. Kronner, and K. Bay. 2004. Stateline Wind Project Wildlife

Monitoring Annual Report, Results for the Period July 2001 – December 2002.

Technical report submitted to FPL Energy, the Oregon Office of Energy, and the

Stateline Technical Advisory Committee. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc.,

Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA.

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Erickson, W.P., J. Jeffrey, and V.K. Poulton. 2008. Avian and bat monitoring: year 1 report.

Puget Sound Energy Wild Horse Wind Project, Kittitas County, Washington. Prepared

for Puget Sound Energy, Ellensburg, Washington, by Western EcoSystems Technology,

Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA. January 2008.

Fiedler, J. K. 2004. Assessment of bat mortality and activity at Buffalo Mountain Windfarm,

eastern Tennessee. Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

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Fiedler, J. K., T. H. Henry, C. P. Nicholson, and R. D. Tankersley. 2007. Results of bat and bird

mortality monitoring at the expanded Buffalo Mountain Windfarm, 2005. Tennessee

Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

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Good, R.E., M. Ritzert, and K. Bay. 2009. Wildlife baseline studies for the Timber Road Wind

Resource Area, Paulding County, Ohio. Final report: September 2, 2008 - August 19,

2009. Prepared for Horizon Wind Energy, Houston, Texas. Prepared by Western

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Good, R., W. Erickson, A. Merrill, S. Simon, K. Murray, K. Bay, and C. Fritchman. 2011. Bat

monitoring studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Energy Facility Benton County, Indiana. A

report prepared for Fowler Ridge Wind Farm. Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc.,

2003 Central Avenue, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001.

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Goodale, W., and T. Divoll. 2009. Birds, bats, and coastal wind farm development in Maine: A

literature review. Report BRI 2009-18. BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, Maine

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Gritski, B., K. Kronner, and S. Downes. 2008. Leaning Juniper Wind Power Project, 2006 −

2008. wildlife monitoring final report. Prepared for PacifiCorp Energy, Portland, Oregon.

Prepared by Northwest Wildlife Consultants, Inc. (NWC), Pendleton, Oregon, USA.

December 30, 2008.

Gritski, B., S. Downes, and K. Kronner. 2009. Klondike III (Phase 1) Wind Power Project

wildlife monitoring year one summary, October 2007-October 2008. Prepared for

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Inc. (NWC), Pendleton, Oregon, USA. April 3, 2009.

Gruver, J. C. 2002. Assessment of bat community structure and roosting habitat preferences for

the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) near Foote Creek Rim, Wyoming. M.S. Thesis,

University of Wyoming, Laramie. 149pp.

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Gruver, J. C., M. Sonnenburg, K. Bay, and W. Erickson. 2008. Post-construction bat and bird

fatality study: Blue Sky Green Field Wind Resource Area, Fond du Lac County,

Wisconsin. Report prepared for WE Energies. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc.,

Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA.

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Gruver, J., M. Sonnenburg, K. Bay and W. Erickson. 2009. Post‐construction bat and bird

fatality study at the Blue Sky Green Field Wind Energy Center, Fond du Lac County,

Wisconsin: July 21, 2008 – October 31, 2008 and March 15, 2009 – June 4, 2009.

Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA.

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Hayes, J. P. and D. L. Waldien. 2000. Potential influences of the proposed Condon Wind

Project on bats. Unpublished report prepared for CH2MHILL, Portland, Oregon. 14pp.

Hayes, J. P. and D. L. Waldien. 2000. Potential influences of the Stateline wind project on bats.

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activity at the proposed Coyote Crest Wind Power Project, Washington, Spring–Fall

2008. Unpublished report prepared for Tetra Tech EC, Inc., Portland, OR

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Higgins, K. F., R. G. Osborn, C. D. Dieter, and R. E. Usgaard. 1996. Monitoring of seasonal bird

activity and mortality at the Buffalo Ridge Wind Resource Area, Minnesota, 1994-1995.

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northeastern Wisconsin. Wisconsin Public Service Corporation, Green Bay, Wisconsin,

USA.

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Howell, J. A. 1997. Bird mortality at rotor swept area equivalents, Altamont Pass and

Montezuma Hills, California. Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife

Society 33: 24-29.

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Howell, J. A. and J. E. Didonato. 1991. Assessment of avian use and mortality related to wind

turbine operations, Altamont Pass, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California,

September 1998 through August 1989. Final report submitted to U.S. Wind power, Inc.

Jain, A. A. 2005. Bird and bat behavior and mortality at a northern Iowa wind farm. Thesis.

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.

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Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, R. Curry, and L. Slobodnik. 2007. Annual report for the Maple Ridge

wind power project post-construction bird and bat fatality study – 2006. Annual report

prepared for PPM Energy and Horizon Energy, Curry and Kerlinger LLC, Cape May

Point, New Jersey, USA.

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Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, R. Curry, and L. Slobodnik. 2008. Annual report for the Maple Ridge

Wind Power Project: post-construction bird and bat fatality study - 2007. Final report

prepared for PPM Energy and Horizon Energy and Technical Advisory Committee

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Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, R. Curry, and L. Slobodnik. 2009a. Annual report for the Maple Ridge

wind power project post-construction bird and bat fatality study – 2007. Annual report

prepared for PPM Energy and Horizon Energy, Curry and Kerlinger LLC, Cape May

Point, New Jersey, USA.

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Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, R. Curry, and L. Slobodnik. 2009b. Annual report for the Maple Ridge

wind power project post-construction bird and bat fatality study – 2008. Annual report

prepared for PPM Energy and Horizon Energy, Curry and Kerlinger LLC, Cape May

Point, New Jersey, USA.

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Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, R. Curry, L. Slobodnik, A. Fuerst, and C. Hansen. 2009c. Annual report

for the Noble Ellenburg Windpark, LLC, Postconstruction bird and bat fatality study -

2008. Prepared for Noble Environmental Power, LLC by Curry and Kerlinger, LLC.

April 13, 2009.

Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, R. Curry, L. Slobodnik, J. Histed, and J. Meacham. 2009d. Annual report

for the Noble Clinton Windpark, LLC, Postconstruction bird and bat fatality study - 2008.

Prepared for Noble Environmental Power, LLC by Curry and Kerlinger, LLC. April 13,

2009.

Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, R. Curry, L. Slobodnik, J. Quant, and D. Pursell. 2009e. Annual report for

the Noble Bliss Windpark, LLC, Postconstruction bird and bat fatality study - 2008.

Prepared for Noble Environmental Power, LLC by Curry and Kerlinger, LLC. April 13,

2009.

Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, L. Slobodnik, R. Curry, A. Fuerst, and A. Harte. 2010a. Annual report for

the Noble Bliss Windpark, LLC: Postconstruction bird and bat fatality study - 2009.

Prepared for Noble Environmental Power, LLC. Prepared by Curry and Kerlinger, LLC,

Cape May, New Jersey. March 9, 2010.

Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, L. Slobodnik, R. Curry, and K. Russell. 2010b. Annual report for the

Noble Clinton Windpark, LLC: Postconstruction bird and bat fatality study - 2009.

Prepared for Noble Environmental Power, LLC. Prepared by Curry and Kerlinger, LLC,

Cape May, New Jersey. March 9, 2010.

Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, L. Slobodnik, R. Curry, and K. Russell. 2010c. Annual report for the

Noble Ellenburg Windpark, LLC: Postconstruction bird and bat fatality study - 2009.

Prepared for Noble Environmental Power, LLC. Prepared by Curry and Kerlinger, LLC,

Cape May, New Jersey. March 14, 2010.

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Ontario Power Generation, December 2002.

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James, R. D. 2003. Bird Observations at the Pickering Wind Turbine. Ontario Birds 21: 84-97.

Sunderland, Ontario, Canada.

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James, R. D., and G. Coady. 2004. Bird Monitoring at Toronto’s Exhibition Place Wind

Turbine. Ontario Birds 22: 79-88. Sunderland, Ontario, Canada.

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Jacques Whitford Stantec Limited (Jacques Whitford). 2009. Ripley Wind Power Project

postconstruction monitoring report. Project No. 1037529.01. Report to Suncor Energy

Products Inc., Calgary, Alberta, and Acciona Energy Products Inc., Calgary, Alberta.

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construction avian and bat monitoring first annual report, Sherman County, Oregon.

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Company, Portland, Oregon. Prepared by Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc,,

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Johnson, G. D., D. P. Young, Jr., W. P. Erickson, M. D. Strickland, R. E. Good and P. Becker.

2000a. Avian and bat mortality associated with the initial phase of the Foote Creek Rim

Wind power Project, Carbon County, Wyoming: November 3, 1998 - October 31, 1999.

Tech. Rept. prepared for SeaWest Energy Corporation and Bureau of Land Management.

32pp.

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Johnson, G.D., W.P. Erickson, M.D. Strickland, M.F. Shepherd and D.A. Shepherd. 2000b.

Avian monitoring studies at the Buffalo Ridge Wind Resource Area, Minnesota: Results

of a 4-year study. Technical report prepared for Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis,

MN. 212 pp.

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Johnson, G. D., W. P. Erickson, and J. White. 2003a. Avian and bat mortality at the Klondike,

Oregon Phase I Wind Plant, Sherman County, Oregon. Technical Report prepared for

Northwestern Wind Power. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming,

USA.

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Johnson, G.D. and M.D. Strickland. 2003b. Biological assessment for the federally endangered

Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) and Virginia big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii

virginianus), NedPower Mount Storm Wind Project, Grant County, West Virginia.

Unpublished report prepared by WEST, Inc. for NedPower Mount Storm, Chantilly,

Virginia.

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Johnson, G.D., M.K. Perlik, W.P. Erickson, M.D. Strickland, D.A. Shepherd, and P. Sutherland,

Jr. 2003c. Bat interactions with wind turbines at the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Wind

Resource Area: An assessment of bat activity, species composition, and collision

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Johnson, G.D., W.P. Erickson, M.D. Strickland, D.A. Shepherd and M.F. Shepherd. 2003.

Mortality of bats at a large-scale wind power development at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota.

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Johnson, G.D. and W.P. Erickson. 2010. Avian, bat and habitat cumulative impacts associated

with wind energy development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion of eastern Washington

and Oregon. Final report prepared for Klickitat County Planning Department, Goldendale

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USA. February 2010.

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Kerlinger P, R. Curry, L. Culp, A. Jain, C. Wilkerson, B. Fischer, and A. Hasch. 2006. Post-

construction avian and bat fatality monitoring study for the High Winds Wind Power

Project, Solano County, California: Two Year Report. McLean, NJ: Curry and Kerlinger,

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Kerlinger P, R. Curry, L. Culp, A. Hasch, and J. Guarnaccia. 2007. Migratory bird and bat

study at the Crescent Ridge Wind Power Project, Bureau County, Illinois: September

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Kerns, J, and P. Kerlinger. 2004. A study of bird and bat collision fatalities at the Mountaineer

Wind Energy Center, Tucker County, West Virginia. Annual Report for 2003. Curry and

Kerlinger, L. L. C., McLean, Virginia, USA.

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Top of Iowa Wind Farm: Progress Report, Calendar Year 2003. Iowa Cooperative

Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. 9pp.

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southwestern Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.

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Krenz, J.D., and B.R. McMillan. 2000. Final Report: Wind-turbine related bat mortality in

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Mabee, T.J., B.A. Cooper, and J.H. Plissner. 2004. A radar study of nocturnal bird migration at

the proposed Mount Storm wind power development, West Virginia, Fall 2003.

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Miller, A. 2008. Patterns of avian and bat mortality at a utility-scaled wind farm on the southern

high plains. Thesis. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.

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Miller, A., C. Boal, L. Nagy, and B. Woeck. 2009. Estimating avian and bat mortality and

identifying spatial and temporal distribution at a utility-scale wind energy development.

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National Research Council (NRC). 2007. Environmental impacts of wind-energy projects.

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Piorkowski, M. D. 2006. Breeding bird habitat use and turbine collisions of birds and bats

located at a wind farm in Oklahoma mixed-grass prairie. Thesis, Oklahoma State

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Poulton, V. and W. Erickson. 2010. Post-construction bat and bird fatality study, Judith Gap

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Puzen, S. C. 2002. Bat interactions with wind turbines in northeastern Wisconsin. Wisconsin

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Redell, D., E. B. Arnett, J. P. Hayes, and M. Huso. 2006. Patterns of pre-construction bat

activity at a proposed wind facility in south-central Wisconsin. A final report submitted

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Texas, USA.

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Colorado. 21pp.

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Stantec Consulting, Inc. (Stantec). 2009a. Post-construction monitoring at the Mars Hill Wind

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Burlington, VT.

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