§a. a polish astronomer in the 16th century, realized that our model of our solar system worked...
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A. A polish astronomer in the 16th Century, realized that our model of our solar system worked much better if we put the Sun at the center and not the Earth.
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B. He is the father of the notion of our Solar
system. (Helios was the Sun god)
C. He dispelled the notions of the
(Geos = Earth)
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A. Hired by Tycho Brahe, he took the mountains of data pulled together by
Tycho over his life and developed Three Laws.
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B. Kep’s First Law: Each planet moves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun as one Focus.
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C. Kep’s Second Law: A line drawn from any planet to the Sun sweeps out equal area arcs given equal amounts of time.
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D. Kep’s Third Law: The square of periods of the planets is proportional to the cube of their distances from the Sun.
T2 = R3
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A. Any object that has mass exerts a force on other objects of mass.
B. Force =G m1m2/d2
C. A.K.A.: the Inverse Square Law
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More Weightlessness
In fact. Gravity does not produce weight! The floor produces weight.
Both people are in a gravitational field.
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Ocean Tides p150
Equal forces to the right means Jell-O ball stays spherical.
Forces shown here cause left side to lag behind.
The left side is further from moon and is not pulled as strongly toward moon.
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Spring tides:
Neap tides:
The earth’s tilt means that this person has a lower high tide than this person.
Tides in the Earth and the atmosphere work the same way.
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Tides on the Moon p154The key thing is that the moon acts like a pendulum.
This part of the moonswings back and forth
trying to line up with the Earth.
Why does the moon always face us?
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The Gravitational Field Inside a Planet p155First, the outside field lines:
Now, the inside:
Last, the in and the out -side
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Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation p157
Albert says that the moon is NOT pulled to the Earth.
The moon orbits because the surface it travels on is tilted toward the Earth.
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Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation p157
Albert says that the moon is NOT pulled to the Earth.
The moon curves because the surface it travels on is tilted toward the Earth.
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Black Holes p157Their gravitational field is so strong that even light can not escape!
A collapsing star with Superman standing on its surface.
Because of F=Gmm/d2
When the star collapses to ½ its radius, the weight quadruples.
When the star crushes its matter to a few hundred kilometers, that may be the last we see of it.
Only gravity, charge and angular momentum remain.
Things orbit it and spiral inward.
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Universal Gravitation p 159
As far out as we can see, matter seems to obey Newton’s law of gravitation: F=Gmm/d2.
Neptune and Pluto were discovered by using the law.
The activities of distant galaxies seem to obey the law.
BUT, the universe is expanding too fast!!