a-1 extended learning module a computer hardware and software
TRANSCRIPT
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Extended Learning Module AExtended Learning Module A
Computer Hardware and Computer Hardware and SoftwareSoftware
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A Quick Tour of TechnologyA Quick Tour of Technology Categories of Computers by SizeCategories of Computers by Size Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSoftware: Your Intellectual Interface Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical Interface The Complete Computer At WorkThe Complete Computer At Work
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IntroductionIntroduction
Information technology (IT)Information technology (IT) – – computer-based tool that people use computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support to work with information and support the information and information-the information and information-processing needs of an organization.processing needs of an organization.
HardwareHardware – the physical devices that – the physical devices that make up a computer.make up a computer.
SoftwareSoftware – the set of instructions that – the set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a your hardware executes to carry out a specific task for you.specific task for you.
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A Quick Tour of TechnologyA Quick Tour of Technology
Six categories of Six categories of hardwarehardware
1.1. Input deviceInput device2.2. Output deviceOutput device3.3. Storage deviceStorage device4.4. Central processing unit Central processing unit
(CPU)(CPU)5.5. Telecommunications Telecommunications
device device 6.6. Connecting device Connecting device
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A Quick Tour of TechnologyA Quick Tour of Technology
Software types include:Software types include: Application softwareApplication software - solves specific - solves specific
problems or perform specific tasks.problems or perform specific tasks. System softwareSystem software - handles tasks specific to - handles tasks specific to
technology management.technology management. • Operating system softwareOperating system software - controls application - controls application
software and manages hardware devices. software and manages hardware devices. • Utility softwareUtility software - provides additional functionality - provides additional functionality
to the operating system.to the operating system.
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Categories of Computers By SizeCategories of Computers By SizePersonal Digital Assistants, Notebook Personal Digital Assistants, Notebook Computers, and Desktop ComputersComputers, and Desktop Computers
Personal digital assistantPersonal digital assistant ((PDAPDA) - small hand-held ) - small hand-held computer that surfs the Web computer that surfs the Web and performs simple tasks.and performs simple tasks.
Notebook computerNotebook computer - a fully - a fully functional computer that runs functional computer that runs on battery power. on battery power.
Desktop computerDesktop computer - the most - the most popular choice.popular choice.
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Categories of Computers By SizeCategories of Computers By SizeMinicomputers, Mainframe Computers, and Minicomputers, Mainframe Computers, and
SupercomputersSupercomputers MinicomputerMinicomputer – used in a small to – used in a small to
medium-size business medium-size business environment.environment.
Mainframe computerMainframe computer – used in a – used in a large business environment.large business environment.
SupercomputersSupercomputers - the fastest, - the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive most powerful, and most expensive type of computer. type of computer.
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Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSoftware: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication SoftwareApplication Software
Application software is used to meet Application software is used to meet specific information-processing needs, specific information-processing needs, including such things as:including such things as: PayrollPayroll Customer relationship managementCustomer relationship management Project managementProject management TrainingTraining Word processing and many others.Word processing and many others.
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Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSoftware: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication SoftwareApplication Software
Personal productivity Personal productivity softwaresoftware - performs - performs personal tasks, including personal tasks, including such things as creating:such things as creating: MemosMemos GraphsGraphs Slide presentationsSlide presentations
Team Work
Buying Personal Productivity
Software Suites
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Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSoftware: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication SoftwareApplication Software
Vertical market softwareVertical market software - unique to a - unique to a particular industry. Examples include:particular industry. Examples include: Patient-scheduling softwarePatient-scheduling software Nursing allocation softwareNursing allocation software
Horizontal market softwareHorizontal market software - general enough - general enough to be suitable for use in a variety of industries. to be suitable for use in a variety of industries. Examples include:Examples include: Inventory management softwareInventory management software Payroll softwarePayroll software
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Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSoftware: Your Intellectual InterfaceSystem SoftwareSystem Software
Operating system software -Operating system software - controls controls application software and manages how application software and manages how hardware devices work together. hardware devices work together. Microsoft Windows 2000 ProMicrosoft Windows 2000 Pro Microsoft Windows 2000 MEMicrosoft Windows 2000 ME Microsoft Windows XP HomeMicrosoft Windows XP Home Microsoft Windows XP ProMicrosoft Windows XP Pro Mac OSMac OS LinuxLinux
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Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSoftware: Your Intellectual InterfaceSystem SoftwareSystem Software
Utility softwareUtility software - adds - adds additional functionality additional functionality to the operating system.to the operating system. Anti-virus software Anti-virus software Crash-proof softwareCrash-proof software Uninstaller softwareUninstaller software Disk optimization Disk optimization
softwaresoftware
Team Work
Evaluating Utility Software Suites
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical Interface
Binary digitBinary digit ( (bitbit) - the smallest unit of ) - the smallest unit of information. information.
ASCIIASCII ( (American Standard Code for American Standard Code for Information InterchangeInformation Interchange) - the coding system ) - the coding system that most personal computers use to represent, that most personal computers use to represent, process, and store information. process, and store information.
Byte Byte - a group of eight bits represents one - a group of eight bits represents one natural language character.natural language character.
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Input DevicesCommon Input Devices
Input deviceInput device - a tool you use to capture information and - a tool you use to capture information and commands. Examples include:commands. Examples include: KeyboardKeyboard Point-of-salePoint-of-sale ( (POSPOS)) MicrophoneMicrophone MouseMouse TrackballTrackball Pointing stickPointing stick Touch padTouch pad Touch screenTouch screen Bar code readerBar code reader Optical mark recognitionOptical mark recognition ( (OMROMR)) ScannerScanner
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output DevicesCommon Output Devices
Output device - Output device - a a tool you use to see, tool you use to see, hear, or otherwise hear, or otherwise accept the results of accept the results of your information-your information-processing requests.processing requests.
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output DevicesCommon Output Devices
CRTs CRTs – look like – look like television sets.television sets.
Flat-panel displays Flat-panel displays – – thin, lightweight thin, lightweight monitors that take up monitors that take up much less space than much less space than CRTs.CRTs.
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output DevicesCommon Output Devices
Resolution of a screen Resolution of a screen – number of pixels it – number of pixels it has.has.
Dot pitchDot pitch – the distance between the centers of – the distance between the centers of a pair of like-colored pixels.a pair of like-colored pixels.
Resolution of a printerResolution of a printer - the number of dots per - the number of dots per inch (dpi) it produces, which is the same inch (dpi) it produces, which is the same principle as the resolution in monitors. principle as the resolution in monitors.
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output DevicesCommon Output Devices
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output DevicesCommon Output Devices
Inkjet printersInkjet printers – make images by – make images by forcing ink droplets through forcing ink droplets through nozzles. nozzles.
Laser printersLaser printers – form images – form images using an electrostatic process. using an electrostatic process.
Multifunction printersMultifunction printers – scan, – scan, copy, and fax, as well as print.copy, and fax, as well as print.
On Your Own
Finding a Printer to Meet Your Needs
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics of CPUs and RAMCharacteristics of CPUs and RAM
CPUCPU Speed measured in megahertz (MHz) and Speed measured in megahertz (MHz) and
gigahertz (GHz).gigahertz (GHz). Contains control unit and arithmetic/logic unit Contains control unit and arithmetic/logic unit
(A/L unit)(A/L unit)
RAMRAM Capacity measured in megabytes (millions of Capacity measured in megabytes (millions of
characters)characters)
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics of CPUs and RAMCharacteristics of CPUs and RAM
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Storage DevicesCommon Storage Devices
Common storage devices include:Common storage devices include: Floppy diskFloppy disk High-capacity floppy diskHigh-capacity floppy disk Hard diskHard disk CD-ROMCD-ROM CD-RCD-R ( (compact disc – recordablecompact disc – recordable) ) CD-RWCD-RW ( (compact disc – rewritablecompact disc – rewritable) ) DVD-ROMDVD-ROM DVD-RDVD-R DVD-RW, DVD-RW, oror DVD-RAM DVD-RAM, or , or DVD+RWDVD+RW (all different (all different
names by different manufacturers)names by different manufacturers)
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceTelecommunications DevicesTelecommunications Devices
NetworkNetwork - two or more computers connected so - two or more computers connected so that they can communicate with each other and that they can communicate with each other and possibly share information, software, peripheral possibly share information, software, peripheral devices, and/or processing power. devices, and/or processing power.
Telephone modemTelephone modem - a device that connects - a device that connects your computer to your phone line so that you your computer to your phone line so that you can access another computer or network.can access another computer or network.
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceTelecommunications DevicesTelecommunications Devices
Types of modems include:Types of modems include: Telephone modemTelephone modem Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modemDigital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem Cable modemCable modem Satellite modemSatellite modem
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceTelecommunications DevicesTelecommunications Devices
Communication software includes:Communication software includes: Connectivity softwareConnectivity software – enables you to use – enables you to use
your computer to “dial up” or connect to your computer to “dial up” or connect to another computer.another computer.
Web browser softwareWeb browser software – enables you to surf – enables you to surf the Web.the Web.
E-mail softwareE-mail software – enables you to – enables you to electronically communicate with other people electronically communicate with other people by sending and receiving e-mail.by sending and receiving e-mail.
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting DevicesConnecting Devices
Connecting devices enable your hardware to Connecting devices enable your hardware to communicate with each other. communicate with each other.
Busses – system and expansion.Busses – system and expansion.
Expansion – slots and cards.Expansion – slots and cards.
Ports and connectors – USB, serial, parallel, Ports and connectors – USB, serial, parallel, and IrDAand IrDA
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting DevicesConnecting Devices
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Hardware: Your Physical Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceInterface
Parallel port
Serial port
USB port
Keyboard and mouse ports
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting DevicesConnecting Devices
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting DevicesConnecting Devices
Popular connectors include:Popular connectors include: USBUSB ( (universal serial busuniversal serial bus) –the most ) –the most
popular means of connecting devices to a popular means of connecting devices to a computer. computer.
Serial connectorSerial connector – usually has 9 holes but – usually has 9 holes but may have 25, which fit into the corresponding may have 25, which fit into the corresponding number of pins in the port. number of pins in the port.
Parallel connectorParallel connector – has 25 pins, which fit – has 25 pins, which fit into the corresponding holes in the port.into the corresponding holes in the port.
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceHardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting DevicesConnecting Devices
IrDAIrDA ( (infrared data associationinfrared data association) ) portsports – –are for wireless devices that work in are for wireless devices that work in essentially the same way as the remote essentially the same way as the remote control on your TV does. control on your TV does.