Climate Change adaptation and disaster preparedness

Climate Change and Adaptation Tips

CONSULTANTSjoey g. peláez (deped csca)gerald a. ortiz (kasama)maria magnolia q. danganan (denr-sco-yd)anthony n. pangilinan (tmlf)

MANAGING EDITORatty. buboy r. sotto jr.

LAY-OUT AND DESIGN SUPERVISORheherson b. bala

LAY-OUT ARTISTSheherson b. baladick b. martin

WRITERS & RESEARCHERSmark gregor a. cabuloysandra c. velacruzsheila marie d. flores

STAFF MEMBERSmartin a. ascañoadoracion q. boneteantonio c. nanteschristian p. pabelico

INTERNSrizalyn joy i. camat eduardo t. perezdick b. martin jesusa d. sorianomariel c. pigtainmariejo s. ramosroland daven b. calinaoallan roven a. zacariasdonald y. ocampo

message

RED CROSS 143

climate change mitigation, adaption and youth action

To a Nation of Trees

making filipinos disaster ready

SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF THE ENVIRONMENT

RA 10121

climate change and adaptation tips

CELEBRITIES’ TAKE ON CLIMATE CHANGE

VP Jejomar C. BinaySec. Ramon J.P. PajeDir. William T. RagosExec. Dir. Joey G. PelaezMs. Maria Magnolia Q. DangananBM Gerald A. Ortiz Mr. Anthony N. Pangilinan

8th Youth for EnvironmentSummer Camp

Applying the Bayanihan Approach to Calamity and Disaster Situations

(Speech of DepEd-CSCA Executive Director Joey G. Pelaez during the OrientationProgram of the 8th YES Camp at the Teachers Camp, Baguio City, 20 April 2010)

THE NATIONAL GREENING PROgRAM

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Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010

CREATING A DISASTER PREPAREDNESS KIT

2011 yes-o awardees

WHISTLE YOUR WAY TO SAFETY29

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3Republic of the Philippines

Vice President JEJOMAR C. BINAY

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AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

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When the post-disaster efforts are over, the full impact of the disaster assessed and ad-dressed, and the residual threats of damaged reactors are resolved, Japan will have to revisit its disaster preparedness efforts and how it can be better-prepared for disasters. It’s a lesson country like the Philippines can learn, even as it had its own share of tragedies wrought by nature, and lessons and solutions on how to manage disasters before and when they strike. In the wake of recent calamities that have struck the Philippines, and now its neighbors in the Asia-Pacific like New Zealand and Japan, and in the face of uncertain risks from unpre-dictable circumstan-ces, there is nothing better than working to-wards being disaster-ready. Philippine Red Cross (PRC) chairman and Senator Richard Gordon believes that the Phi-lippines should improve its capability to deal with disasters. “Increasing capability means better chan-ces of survival,” Gordon said on ANC’s Dateline Philippines on Sunday.

A country like Japan was prepared for the worst, but to-day its capability to deal with calamity is being tested by a three-pronged disaster in its midst: a magnitude 9 earth-quake, a tsunami that followed, and threats of a radiation leak from a nuclear plant in Fuku-shima.

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Gordon said the Philippines has gone a long way with disas-ter mitigation efforts, thanks to laws like Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction And Management Act of 2010. The law assesses disaster vulnerable areas, proper zoning to help reduce risks to life and property, as well as improve the public’s response. “We’re still in our early days but the law is a big difference.” “The new law emphasizes on not reaction alone. Now you don’t spend on just relief.” Gordon, who co-authored the bill, said whereas funds used to just go to relief, now they’re being spent for disaster pre-paredness efforts, allowing local governments to tap 70% of ca-lamity fund for training, provid-ing equipment and communica-tions so they can better manage disaster situations and reduce

the vulnerability of their com-munities. “We encourage volunteers. Every person can be a volunteer, so you can support its activities, learn to survive and help allevi-ate human suffering.” “We’re trying to create a na-tionwide army of volunteers in every barangay.” Gordon is referring to his flagship program “Red Cross 143,” which refers to one leader plus 43 active responders in ev-ery barangay who will be armed with whistles and are familiar with whom to call, and initiate an evacuation or conduct a rescue when necessary. “143 seeks to get into all the barangays , so you have over-night 1.8 million disaster-savvy first responders,” Gordon said. “If every barangay can help by cellphone operations, Red Cross 143 can give instructions

or find out what’s happening so they can prepare.” Gordon said the PRC also hopes to improve disaster pre-paredness efforts, by making the country’s technical staff ready in case the worst comes. “We’re dealing with hospi-tals to know which patients to bring in which hospitals, which are overloaded, tents to bring patients, along with surgical ca-pability.” “We’re now working on plans to make sure we can trace people in hospitals and connect them with their families, help hospitals in case they’re over-whelmed with volunteer nurses from the Red Cross. Our first re-sponders tell them the condition of the patients. We are upgrading the emergency management technicians we have, so doctors are aware of what needs to be administered.”

In a country like the Philippines that is of-ten stricken by disasters, Gordon said survival depends on developing a culture of safety and knowing how to deal with emergencies. Schools have adopted disaster-preparedness into its curriculum, but Gordon stressed that know-ing how to deal with disasters should be part of ev-eryday life. “Drills will not be enough... The best disas-ter plan is to prepare for it: predict the hazards, plan for it, prepare for it, and practice it so you can cope and mitigate the situation and stay alive.” Gordon said the job involves finding out the danger whether it be near a fault line or by the mountainside, or a volcano facing an im-minent eruption. “Every household should have a CPR first aider who’s trained. Train your maid, eldest son, call the fire department.”The PRC said being aware of one’s location and vulnerability to disaster is key. Rodino Cruz, Chapter Service Representa-tive for Safety Services Philippine Red Cross-Quezon City Chapter said, before a disaster people should assess the structural plan of the house and building to be familiar with exits and where to walk or stay.

During a quake, people should stand still or find a sturdy place to hide, and should stay away from falling debris. After the quake, they should go out of the building and inspect the house for gas leaks and faulty wiring to prevent fires. The organization is also promoting a 72-hour survival kit that can spell the difference when disaster strikes. “Pinopromote namin back to basics. No need to buy expensive di-saster kits,” said Cruz. Necessary items include essential provi-sions like water – about 3.5 liters or a gallon per person per day – food, a whistle, flashlight and extra batteries, and a first aid kit with necessary medicine, antiseptic, scissors bandages. Rice, easy to open canned goods, noodles and a transistor radio are also good to have. In case of floods, a water filter, chlorine to help purify and remove microorganisms from the water, plus items that can be converted into a floating device. He added that it also helps to have emer-gency cash and important documents like passports and hospital records within reach. Knowing who to call and where to go and be-ing armed with the necessary information are es-sential to survival.

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by Mark Gregor Cabuloy

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(Philippine Di s a s t e r Risk Reduction

and Management Act of 2010)

by Sandra C. Velacruz

TAKE NOTE !! !

It is important to put a prime on disaster risk reduction and management. When our systems are efficient, it increases awareness and enhances human security. Republic Act No. 10121 also known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) of 2010 strengthens the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management framework, institutionalizes the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRM) and appropriates funds for the use of its implementers. It calls for the development of a framework that taps the different sectors, agen-cies and communities that will address disaster risk reduction and management concerns.

The NDRRMC, headed by the Secretary of National Defense, has representations coming from thirty-six government agencies, four civil society organizations and a private sector. As such, they are empowered with policy-making, coordination, integration, supervision, monitoring and evaluation. Its framework also provides for the establishment of the regional, provincial, municipal and barangay level coordinating councils. The Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (LDRRMC) should make cer-tain that it is integrated into their local development plans. To get things going, the fund appropri-ated for the formulation of DRRM plans, personnel trainings and the procurement of equipment is known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (NDRRMF), formerly known as the calamity fund. The purchasing of supplies and medicines, post-disaster activities and the payment of premiums on calamity insurance may also be charged against the LDRRMF.

Budgetary support coupled with human resources and skills will pave the way to a better and safer community. Everyone plays an important role and has a responsibility in ensuring their safety. Given our location in the Pacific and our topography, natural hazards are inevitable so we ought to really make an effort to strengthen our systems.

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(Philippine Di s a s t e r Risk Reduction

and Management Act of 2010)

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1. adaptation - the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their ef-fects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.

2. Climate Change - a change in climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period typically decades or longer, whether due to natural variability or as a result of hu-man activity.

3. Community-Based disaster risk reduction and management or CB-drrm - a process of disaster risk re-duction and management in which at risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabili-ties and enhance their capacities, and where the people are at the heart of decision-making and implementation of disaster risk reduction and management activities.

4. disaster - a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, mate-rial, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disas-ters are often described as a result of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the po-tential negative consequences. Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human, physical, mental and social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruption and envi-ronmental degradation.

5.disaster mitigation - the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitiga-tion measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant con-struction as well as improved environ-mental policies and public awareness.

6. disaster preparedness - the knowl-edge and capacities developed by gov-ernments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the im-pacts of likely, imminent or current haz-ard events or conditions. Preparedness action is carried out within the context of disaster risk reduction and manage-ment and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly transi-tions from response to sustained recov-ery. Preparedness is based on a sound analysis of disaster risk and good link-ages with early warning systems, and includes such activities as contingency planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the development of arrange-ments for coordination, evacuation and public information, and associated train-ing and field exercises. These must be supported by formal institutional, legal and budgetary capacities. 7. disaster prevention- the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of haz-ards and related disasters. It expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as con-struction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regula-tions that do not permit any settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic engineer-ing designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake.

8. disaster response - the provision of emergency services and public as-sistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief”.

9. disaster risk - the potential disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period.

10. disaster risk reduction - the concept and practice of reducing disas-ter risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vul-nerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environ-ment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.

11. disaster risk reduction and management - the systematic process of using administrative directives, or-ganizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, pol-icies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disas-ter. Prospective disaster risk reduction and management refers to risk reduc-tion and management activities that address and seek to avoid the devel-opment of new or increased disaster risks, especially if risk reduction policies are not put in place.

12. disaster risk reduction and management information system - a specialized database which contains, among others, information on disasters and their human material, economic and environmental impact, risk as-sessment and mapping and vulnerable groups.

13. early Warning system - the set of capacities needed to generate and dis-seminate timely and meaningful warn-ing information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threat-ened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. A people centered early warning sys-tem necessarily comprises four (4) key elements: knowledge of the risks; moni-toring, analysis and forecasting of the hazards; communication or dissemina-tion of alerts and warnings; and local capabilities to respond to the warnings received. The expression “end-to-end-warning system” is also used to em-phasize that warning systems need to span all steps from hazard detection to community response.

14. emergency - unforeseen or sud-den occurrence, especially danger, de-manding immediate action.

15. emergency management - the organization and management of re-sources and responsibilities for ad-dressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps.

*taken from RA No. 10121

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16. geographic information system - a database which contains among others, geo-hazard assessments, infor-mation on climate change, and climate risk reduction and management. 17. hazard - a dangerous phenom-enon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or envi-ronmental damage.

18. land Use planning - the process undertaken by public authorities to iden-tify, evaluate and decide on different op-tions for the use of land, including con-sideration of long-term economic, social and environmental objectives and the implications for different communities and interest groups, and the subse-quent formulation and promulgation of plans that describe the permitted or ac-ceptable uses.

19. mitigation – structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation, and tech-nological hazards and to ensure the ability of at-risk communities to address vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing the impact of disasters. Such measures include, but are not limited to, hazard-resistant construction and engneering works, the formulation and implementa-tion of plans, programs, projects and ac-tivities, awareness raising, knowledge management, policies on land-use and resource management, as well as the enforcement of comprehensive land-use planning, building and safety stan-dards, and legislation.

20. national disaster risk reduc-tion and management Framework or ndrrmF - provides for comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to di-saster risk reduction and management.

21. national disaster risk reduction and management plan or ndrrmp – the document to be formulated and implemented by the OCD that sets out goals and specific objectives for reduc-ing disaster risks together with related actions to accomplish these objectives. The NDRRMP shall provide for the identification of hazards, vulnerabilities and risks to be managed at the national level; disaster risk reduction and ma agement approaches and strategies to be applied in managing said hazards and risks; agency roles, responsibilities and line of authority at all government levels; and vertical and horizontal coor-dination of disaster risk reduction and management in the pre-disaster and

post-disaster phases. It shall be in con-formity with the NDRRMF.

22. post-disaster recovery - the res-toration and improvement where appro-priate, of facilities, livelihood and living conditions of disaster-affected commu-nities, including efforts to reduce disas-ter risk factors, in accordance with theprinciples of “build back better”.

23. preparedness – pre-disaster actions and measures being undertaken within the context of disaster risk reduction and management and are based on sound risk analysis as well as pre-disaster ac-tivities to avert or minimize loss of life and property such as, but not limited to, com-munity organizing, training, planning, equipping, stockpiling, hazard mapping, insuring of assets, and public informa-tion and education initiatives. This also includes the development/enhancement of an overall preparedness strategy, policy, institutional structure, warning and forecasting capabilities, and plans that define measures geared to help at-risk communities safeguard their lives and assets by being alert to hazards and tak-ing appropriate action in the face of an imminent threat or an actual disaster.

24. response – any concerted effort by two (2) or more agencies, public or private, to provide assistance or inter-vention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected and in the restoration of essential public activities and facilities.

25. risk - the combination of the prob-ability of an event and its negative con-sequences.

26. risk assessment - a methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulner-ability that together could potentially harm exposed people, property, servic-es, livelihood and the environment on which they depend. Risk assessments with associated risk mapping include: a review of the technical characteristics of hazards such as their location, intensity, frequency and probability; the analysis of exposure and vulnerabiliIty including the physical, social, health, economic and environmental dimensions; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of pre-vailing and alternative coping capacities in respect to likely risk scenarios.

27. risk management - the system-atic approach and practice of managing uncertainty to minimize potential harm and loss. It comprises risk assessment and analysis, and the implementation of strategies and specific actions to con-

trol, reduce and transfer risks. It is widely practiced by organizations to minimize risk in investment decisions and to ad-dress operational risks such as those of business disruption, production failure, environmental damage, social impacts and damage from fire and natural haz-ards.

28. risk transfer - the process of for-mally or informally shifting the financialconsequences of particular risks from one party to another whereby a house-hold, community, enterprise or state authority will obtain resources from the other party after a disaster occurs, in exchange for ongoing or compensatory social or financial benefits provided to that other party.

29. state of Calamity - a condition involving mass casualty and/or ma-jor damages to property, disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard.

30. sustainable development – de- velopment that meets the needs of thepresent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two (2) key concepts: (1) the concept of “needs,” in particular, the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and (2) the idea of limi-tations imposed by the state of technol-ogy and social organizations on the en-vironment’s ability to meet present and future needs. It is the harmonious inte-gration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance, social cohe-sion and harmony, and ecological integ-rity to ensure that human development now and through future generations is a life-enhancing process.

31. Vulnerability - the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it suscep-tible to the damaging effects of a haz-ard. Vulnerability may arise from various physical, social, economic, and environ-mental factors such as poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public infor-mation and awareness, limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures, and disregard for wise envi-ronmental management.

32. Vulnerable and marginalized groups - those that face higher expo-sure to disaster risk and poverty includ-ing, but not limited to, women, children, elderly, differently-abled people, and ethnic minorities.

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repUBliC oF the philippines department oF edUCation

DepED Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines

Tanggapan ng Pangalawang Kalihim Office of the Undersecretary

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PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

KABATAANG SAMA-SAMANG MAGLILINGKOD, INC.

DENR YOUTH DESK

telephone : (042) 710-3488mobile phone (0915) 798-3217

From its inception, the Kabataang Sama-samang Maglilingkod, Inc. has implemented various programs and projects that enhance the capability of the young to contribute in nation-building and encourage them to par-ticipate in youth-related activities. KASAMA implements various programs and projects in the areas of leadership, environmental awareness, cultural appreciation and socio-civic involvement.

The DENR Youth Desk is created to meet the needs of its youth constituents for information and active participation as caretakers and guardians of the environment. TheDENRIntegratedYouthProgramisbeingmanagedbydesignatedYouthDeskOfficersfromtheCentral,BureauandRegionalOfficesoftheDENR.

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