17 Energy (suppllias, policy, economica,-)

%m~ Flnanclng the onorgy aactor In dovrloplng ooun- trlar. Contaxt and ovarvlaw Dunkerley, J. Energy Policy, Nov. 1995.23, (11). 929-939.

attmct fesou~ on the scale required, especially from domestic investors. In oil and gas, in contrast to power, private capital from the international oil compames has always played a major role in the developing countries. However, sharply increaamg investment requirements require a growing role for external finance.

%I02307 IEA Confaranca on tha Strataglc Value of Foul1 Fuala: Challangaa and Raaponaaa, 812 May 1995, Houston Khatib, H. Energy Policy, Oct. 1995.23. (lo), 920.921. A report on the above conference.

96/02308 IEA atudlaa Mlddla Eaat Roberts, J. Perroleum Review, Feb. 1996.50, (589). 84-86. Discusses oil production policies in the major producing countries of the Middle East which looks likely to change as a result of financial con- straints and pressures on demand. Thii implicitly rather than explicitly is perhaps the main conclusion to be drawn from the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) magisterial study on Middle East oil and gas, in which the production capacities, energy development policies and the structural eco- nomic problems of six major oil and gas producers in the region are examined.

%I02309 Tha Induatry’a parapactlva Green, D. Applied Energy, 1996, 53, (l), 23-32. Discusses the barriers to, and the o portunities for, a much enhanced

L implementation of CHP in the UK. w ch is under the control of the UK Government.

%I02310 La rantablllta aconomlqua da I’anargla aollanna dana la raaaau prlnclpal d’Hydro-Quebec Bernard, J. T. and Marceau, S. Energy 3udie.s Review, 1995, 7, (l), 27-37. (In French) The government of Quebec is presently holding a public debate on the province’s future energy policy.~&our&ing new energy sources is one of the ontions to be exammed. Wind Dower is considered as one of the most promising ‘new’ sources available. ‘The object of this pa

p” r is to determine

whether wind energy can play an important and pro itable role. in the province’s electricity supply, essentially composed of hydroelectric power. Treating the output from a complex of wind farms as negative load, the authors specify the energy value and capacity value of this complex. The estimations are then used in a cost-benefit analysis applicable to Hydro- Quebec. It is concluded that wind energy is still economically unattractive.

%iO2311 Landlng tarma, debt concaaalona, and davaloplng countrlaa’ raaourca extraction Strand, J. Resource & Energy Economics, Aug. 1995, 17, (2) 99-117. A study of the relationship between natural resource extraction borrowing, and debt for a developing corm

7 that possesses a natural resource, in a

two-period framework, and a stu y of how an outside ‘donor’ may affect the rate of extraction of the resource, throu With no donor intervention the resource is SP

different types of policies. ways fully extracted over the

two periods. Unconditional debt forgiveness and interest rate subsidies have weak effects on the extraction rate, and may never induce the country to save the resource permanently. Conditional mechanisms have much greater effects, and may in many cases induce the country to save the resource beyond period 2. Generally interest rate subsidies are more pow- erful than pure debt forgiveness, by inducing more extraction postpone- ment or permanent saving of the resource per unit of money spent by the donor.

%I0231 2 Modalllng of compatlng tachnologlaa In the raal- dantlal aactor Sudhakara Reddy, B. Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jan. 1996, 37, (1) 117-125. The pattern of consumption of energy carriers in the residential sector shows that, with increasing incomes there is a shift from firewood to ker- osene, kerosene to LPG, etc. If this carrier substitution can be viewed as the result of competition between the old and new technologies (carrier utilizing devices), then L&a-Volterra equations can be used to model the competing technolo ‘es. However, the variation in this case is income, whereas, in the blo ogical competition, the variation is with time. The T empirical results obtained are confirmed with household data obtained for Bangalore, the capital of Kamataka State in Southern India.

@6/02313 Monopaon monopoly In anargy utl K

power and tha l xlatanoa of natural tlaa

Resource & Energy Ecotwmics, Dec. 1995, 17, (4),

rice and entry n monopolies, an r

l&ion of firms hinges on whether empirical tests have been used to

determine the natural monopoly statur of public utilities. However, those tests are biased if the utilities posses monopsony power - a likely case. The bias is against finding natural monopoly status, which can lead to improper

&a. licies. An altemtive method of testing is proposed which eliminatea the

%I02314 Nuclear power raductlon la allvar lining for coal Metxroth, L and Hartmann, M. Coal, May 1995, 100, (S), 21-22. Discusses the effects of nuclear power reduction on the coal industry in the USA.

@6/02315 011 and gaa flnanclng by tha World Bank Raxavi, H. Energy Policy, Nov. 1995, 23. (11). 1001-1007. The World Bank has developed a flexible oil and gas programme that is structured to meet the than ‘ng needs of the sector as they arise. The Bank became prominent in the 01 Q and gas sector after the oil crises of the 197Os, when it began assisting client countries in developing their indigenous energy resources. At the beginning, Bank lending concentrated on explora- tion and develo exnended to U d

ment of hydrocarbon resources where the level of lending $1 billion m 1983. This raoid exnansion caused some con-

cein that Bank activities might preempt ‘those ‘of the private sector. In reponse, the Bank imposed in 1984 strict limitations on petroleum explora- tion and oil production lending.

%I02316 Optlmal exporting of axhauatlbla raaourcaa wlth andoganoua trade revenue: Tha care of a raaourca-•carca and cap&al-abort economy Yang, 2. Resource & Energy Economics, Dec. 1995, 17, (4), 379404. The paper discusses a dynamic trade problem of a resource-scarce and capital-short open economy. In this economy, exhaustible resources are traded for foreign capital. Different from previous research on similar top its, the models-in this paper allows for endogenous expori revenue. The optimal trade behaviour of the economy is diacuased. The efficiency condi- tions for the optimal trading under various assumptions are derived. These conditions correspond to the noted Hotelling rules in a closed economy. Finally, policy implications of the results are presented.

96102317 In the UK

Proapacta for clty-acala combined heat and power

Nelson, J. ef al., Applied Energy, 1996, 53, (1) 119-148. Citv-scale combined heat and Dower/district heatinn (CHP/DIB brinas to a number of European countries’major social and cor%ercial behefitslwhich have been almost totally overlooked in the UK To bring CHP/DH to the UK, it is ncccssary first to convince people of the benefits and then to persuade the Government to introduce the necessary legislation to allow the establishment of true city energy utilities on European lines. Neither task will be easv because of the resultant effect on the British fuel indus- tries. The nec&ary than

if any case, be a substanti es must inevitably be gradual and there would, in role for the fuel mdustries -which they must be

made aware of.

96/02318 Quaanaland confident In bld for naw energy research cantra Queensland Power, Australia Nov. 1995, 1, (4), p. 11.

Rcoorts that the Oucensland Deuartment of Minerals and Enenzv is confi- d&t that the Qu&nsland-based bid for a Co-operative Research?entre for Renewable Energy and Greenhouse Gas Abatement Technologies will succeed.

96/02319 Road transport energy demand In Auatralla. A colntagratlon approach Samimi, R. Energy Economics, Oct. 1995, 17, (4). 329-339. A cointegration frame is used to examine the short-run and long-run char- acteristics of energy demand in the Australian road transport sector. A lagged endogenous equation based on a partial adjustment procoaa is pm- posed and estimated. Results indicate that energy demand, out ut and real enerev ~riccs are intemated of order 1 and coin&rated. TFI e lonn-run outpz ahd price elastic&es of energy demand arc e&mated to be 0.52 and -0.12 respectively. Causality tests reveal a bidirectional causality path between output and energy demand and a unidirectional path from energy consumption to prices. No other causality paths between output, prices and energy demand are detected. The short-run output elasticity of energy demand is estimated to be 0.25 based on an error-correction model.

Fuel and Energy Abatracta March 1996 1%