15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)

98/00870 World supply/demand survey of A/C8 In ‘94 JARN, Jul. 1995, 27, (7). Presents the results of a survey by the Japan Refrigeration and Air Condi- tioning Association of estimated work demand/supply of air conditioners for the period 1989-1994.

98lOO877 Slmpllfled method8 of estlmatlng the seasonal per- formances of an alr heat pump Schibuola, L. Condiz. deWAria, Aug. 1995, 39, (8), 787-793. (In Italian) Discusses the various methods of evaluating the seasonal performances of air heat pumps which have been proposed for use in design applications where a rapid calculation is nece.ssary.

14 HEAT PUMPS 98/00871 Calorlmeter measurements of a heat oumo dehu- 15 ENVIRONMENT mldlfler: Influence of evaporator alr flow

. .

~rrngg, C. G. and Liu, Q. Int. J. Energy Res., Nov. 1995, 19, (8),

The performance characteristics of a Rankine cycle heat pump dehumidi- fier have been measured in a psychrometric calorimeter which provides close control of the air state. The quality of the measurements was moni- tored by applying energy and mass balance test criteria. The results shows that the influence of the evaporator air flowrate on the moisture extraction rate, and on the energy efficiency of the drier, depends on the relative humidity of the evaporator inlet air stream. When the relative humidity is high the dehumidification efficiency is maximized when the evaporator air flow is maximized, within the range of the air flowrates investigated. Below 50% relative humidity the specific moisture extraction rate exhibits an increasingly peaked maximum as a function of the evaporator air flowrate. This maximum moves to lower air flows when the relative humidity is lower.

Pollution, Health Protection, Safety

98/00878 Activated carbon column performance rtudlea of blologlcally treated landflll leachate gc3;;, B. et al., Chemical Engng. & Processing, Jun. 1995, 34, (J),

In adso activate ap

tion studies with a biologically pretreated leachate using two carbon columns, the concentration of the non-biodegradable

organic and chlorinated organic compounds, as well as the colour, could be reduced to an acceptable level. The results show a complex interaction of adsorption and desorption between the lower and higher molecular weight components of the leachate.

98lOO872 New methods for avaluatlna the performance of _ . metal hydrlde heat-pumps Sun, D. W. J. Inst. ofEnergy, Sep. 1995, 68, (476), 121-129. The cycles of metal-hydride heat-pumps have three operating modes-heat upgrading, heat amplifying, and refrigeration. Camot analyses of these cycles shows that in the case of the heat-upgrading mode a prerequisite of high efficiency is that the reaction enthalpy for the high-pressure hydride must be lower than that for the low-pressure hydride. In the case of the heat-amplifying and refrigerating modes the reaction enthalpy for the high- uressure hvdride must be ereater than. or eaual to. that for the low-oressure hydride. The coefficient o’I performance (CbP) has been shown to be inad- equate by itself for evaluation of a metal-hydride heat-pump cycle; there- fdre three evaluation criteria are put forward for a comprehensive assessment-namely actual COP, alloy output and temperature output.

98lOO873 0 ters for sn en s

tlmal analyala of primary performance parame- oreversible absorption heat pump

Chen, J. and Andresen, B. Heat Recovery Sys. CHP, Nov. 1995, 15, (8), 7-3 ?.Y,

98lQO879 Adaorbents and catalysts from brown coal for flue gas daaulfurlratlon Martyniuk, H. and Wieckowska, J. Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1716-1718. The paper describes how earthy brown coal are used as a carrier for cata- lysts (or adsorbents) prepared for flue gas desulphurization.

s8lOo88o Advanced oxldatlon processes of xylenola In aque- ous solutions Trapido, M. et al., Eesti Tead. Akad. Toim. Keem., 1995, 44, (l), 21-31. Xylenols form a significant part of the total phenols content in the oil-shale wastewaters. In this study, the ozonation and advanced oxidation proceses of xylenols were investigated. The process was conducted in a semi-batch reactor continuously supplied with ozone.

The paper describes the use of the cycle model of a heat engine-driven heat pump to study the performance of an absorption heat pump affected by heat resistances.

98lOO874 Optimal alzing of a heat pump/thermal storage sya- tern baaed on the Ilnear programmlng method Shiba. T. et al.. ht. J. Enernv Rex. Nov. 1995. 19. (81. 665-674. An optimal planning method E proposed for a h;at pump/thermal storage system that utilizes time-of-use pricing of the electrical utility. Equipment capacities are determined so as to minimize the annual total cost in consid- eration of system’s operational strategies for energy demand requirements. This optimal planning problem is solved by the linear programming method. Through a numerical study on a heat pump/thermal storage system for a commercial building, the effect of thermal storage tank is investigated on the long-term economics of the system. A parametric study is also performed with respect to the initial capital unit cost of thermal storage tank. The relation is clarified among the optimal capacities of thermal storage tank and other pieces of equipment.

98lQQ881 Advlslng the public about radlatlon emergencies. A document for public comment NCRP Commentary No.14 National Council on Radiation Protection &

Measurments, Maryland, USA, $15.00, 29 pp. The report has been many years in preparation and reflects the NCRP’s desire ‘to begin a dialogue on what information and what form of presenta- tion can prove helpful to members of the public in assessing emergency situations with potential for radiation exposure’.

98lOO882 Alr conditioning - Friend or foe? Raw, G. Bldg. Serv. CIBSE J., Sep. 1995, 17, (9). A short article of the evidence linking outbreaks of sick building syndrome with air conditioning in buildings.

98lOO883 The alr quality laboratory at the Danish Building Research Institute

98lOO875 Performance evaluation of an ambient-energy heat pump system Hino, T. ASHRAE Trans., Paper No.3866, 1995, 101, (I), 386-393. The paper describes a unique heat pump system whose outdoor panels can exploit ambient energy surrounding a building for its heat exchange. Also describes its operation in heating and cooling cycles.

Kjaer, U. et al., TFVVS Danvak, Sep. 1995, 31, (9), 34-38. (In Danish) Describes the work being carried out at the Danish Building Research Institute laboratory on sensory and chemical evalution of emissions or desorption from internal building products.

QSlOO978 Performance of a cascade endo-reversible heat- pump system Chen, J. and Wu, C. J. Inst. ofEnergy, Sep. 1995, 68, (476), 137-141. A cascade endo-reversible heat-pump system was modelled, and is described on the basis of a single-stage endo-reversible heat-pump. A per- formance analysis of the system was carried out, and the specific heating load of the system was optimised for a given coefficient of performance. General performance characteristic curves of the system were obtained. In this paper the optimal combination between two adjacent cycles in the cascade system is discussed. The optimal ratios of the temperatures of the working fluids in the heat-transfer processes were determined, and the optimal distribution of the heat-transfer areas of the heat-exchangers in the cascade system was proven to be the same as that of the heat-transfer areas of the heat-exchangers in the multi-stage endo-reversible refrigeration systems.

98/00884 Air toxins: The next challenge for coal? Myers, T. A. and Breidert, M. Coal, Sep. 1995, 100, (9), 31-32. Discusses the hazardous air pollutants also known as air toxins, which are now moving to the forefront as the next environmental challenge for the coal industry in the USA.

98lOO995 Ammonia complexation In the analysis of hex- avalent chromium fly ash Karwas, C. P. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control, 1995, 30, (6), 1223-1235. The aim of this study was to investigate digestion media to determine appropriate sample analysis conditions for Cr(VI) determination in fly ash. Municipal waste incinerator fly ash was analyzed employing ion chroma- tography with post-column derivatization.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1998 53