9.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES

• COMPARE TYPES OF COMPARE TYPES OF NETWORKS NETWORKS & NETWORK & NETWORK SERVICESSERVICES

**

9.2

LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES

• DESCRIBE CONNECTIVITY NETWORK DESCRIBE CONNECTIVITY NETWORK STANDARDSSTANDARDS

• IDENTIFY APPLICATIONS FOR IDENTIFY APPLICATIONS FOR SUPPORTING ELECTRONIC SUPPORTING ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, BUSINESSCOMMERCE, BUSINESS

• ANALYZE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS ANALYZE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF OF NETWORKINGNETWORKING

**9.3

MANAGEMENT CHALLENGESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

• TELECOMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTIONTELECOMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION• COMPONENTS, FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENTS, FUNCTIONS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMTELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM• COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKSCOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS• ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, ELECTRONIC ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, ELECTRONIC

BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIESBUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES• MANAGEMENT ISSUES, DECISIONSMANAGEMENT ISSUES, DECISIONS

**

9.4

PROTOCOLPROTOCOL

RULES & PROCEDURESRULES & PROCEDURES

TO GOVERN TRANSMISSIONTO GOVERN TRANSMISSION

BETWEEN COMPONENTS BETWEEN COMPONENTS

IN A NETWORKIN A NETWORK

**

9.8

NETWORK TOPOLOGIESNETWORK TOPOLOGIES

HOSTHOST

USERUSER

USERUSER

USERUSER USERUSER

STAR

9.19

NETWORK TOPOLOGIESNETWORK TOPOLOGIES

BUS

USERUSER

USERUSER

USERUSER

USERUSER

USERUSER

USERUSER

9.20

NETWORK TOPOLOGIESNETWORK TOPOLOGIES

USERUSER

USERUSER

USERUSER

USERUSER

RING

9.21

LOCAL NETWORKSLOCAL NETWORKS

• PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX):PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX): firm’s central switching systemfirm’s central switching system

• LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN):LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN): dedicated dedicated channels; limited distance (less than 2000 channels; limited distance (less than 2000 foot radius); higher capacity than PBX. foot radius); higher capacity than PBX. Can share expensive hardware & softwareCan share expensive hardware & software

**

9.22

LOCAL AREA NETWORK LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)(LAN)• SERVER:SERVER: stores programs, data; determines stores programs, data; determines

access to networkaccess to network

• GATEWAY:GATEWAY: connection to other networksconnection to other networks

• NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM (NOS):NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM (NOS): manages file server; routes communications manages file server; routes communications on networkon network

• PEER - TO - PEER:PEER - TO - PEER: in some small networks all in some small networks all computers have equal powercomputers have equal power

**

9.23

NETWORK SPANS LARGE GEOGRAPHIC NETWORK SPANS LARGE GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCESDISTANCES

CAN INCLUDE CABLE, SATELLITE, CAN INCLUDE CABLE, SATELLITE, MICROWAVEMICROWAVE

• SWITCHED LINES:SWITCHED LINES: Route Determined by Route Determined by Current TrafficCurrent Traffic

• DEDICATED LINES:DEDICATED LINES: Constantly Available Constantly Available for High-Volume Trafficfor High-Volume Traffic

**

WIDE - AREA NETWORK WIDE - AREA NETWORK (WAN)(WAN)

9.24

VALUE-ADDED VALUE-ADDED NETWORK (VAN)NETWORK (VAN)

• PRIVATE; MULTIPATH; DATA ONLYPRIVATE; MULTIPATH; DATA ONLY

• 3rd PARTY MANAGED3rd PARTY MANAGED

• USED BY SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONSUSED BY SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONS

• SUBSCRIPTION BASISSUBSCRIPTION BASIS

**

9.25

NETWORK SERVICESNETWORK SERVICES

• PACKET SWITCHINGPACKET SWITCHING• FRAME RELAYFRAME RELAY• ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM)(ATM)• INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORKINTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK• DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINEDIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE• CABLE MODEMCABLE MODEM• T1 LINET1 LINE

**

9.26

PACKET SWITCHING PACKET SWITCHING (X.25)(X.25)::

• FORM OF FORM OF Value Added NetworkValue Added Network

• BREAKS DATA BLOCKS INTO BREAKS DATA BLOCKS INTO SMALL PACKETS (e.g.: 128 Bytes)SMALL PACKETS (e.g.: 128 Bytes)

• PACKETS ROUTED BY MOST PACKETS ROUTED BY MOST ECONOMICAL MEANSECONOMICAL MEANS

• REASSEMBLED AT DESTINATIONREASSEMBLED AT DESTINATION

**

9.27

ASYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE TRANSFER MODE (ATM)(ATM)::• CELL: 53 Groups of 8 Bytes EachCELL: 53 Groups of 8 Bytes Each• USES FIBER OPTICS CABLEUSES FIBER OPTICS CABLE• INDEPENDENT OF VENDOR INDEPENDENT OF VENDOR

HARDWARE SPEEDSHARDWARE SPEEDS• CAN TIE LAN TO WANCAN TIE LAN TO WAN

**

9.28

INTEGRATED SERVICES INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN)(ISDN)::

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO,

DATADATA

OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINESOVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES

**

9.29

OTHER SERVICES:OTHER SERVICES:

• DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL)(DSL):: enhancing capacity over copper enhancing capacity over copper telephone linestelephone lines

• CABLE MODEM:CABLE MODEM: modem for cable TV for modem for cable TV for high-speed access to Internethigh-speed access to Internet

• T1 LINE:T1 LINE: dedicated telephone connection, dedicated telephone connection, 24 channels @ 1.544 megabits per second24 channels @ 1.544 megabits per second

**

9.30

• HARDWARE; SOFTWARE; HARDWARE; SOFTWARE; TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA RESOURCESRESOURCES

• MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE DESKTOPDESKTOP

• NETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORKSNETWORKS

**

ENTERPRISE NETWORKENTERPRISE NETWORK

9.31

INTERNETWORKINGINTERNETWORKING

LINK NETWORKSLINK NETWORKS

EACH RETAINS IDENTITYEACH RETAINS IDENTITY

INTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORKINTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORK

**

9.32

NETWORK A

NETWORK B

NETWORK C

CONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY

MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE

INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTIONINTERVENTION

OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to Function on Different Computer Function on Different Computer Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating Systems, Applications, ProtocolsSystems, Applications, Protocols

**9.33

TRANSMISSION CONTROL TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)(TCP / IP)

REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972

1. 1. APPLICATION:APPLICATION: Provides Screen Presentations Provides Screen Presentations

2. 2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOLTRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP)(TCP):: Breaks Data into DatagramsBreaks Data into Datagrams

3. 3. INTERNET PROTOCOL INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)(IP):: Breaks, Sends Breaks, Sends Datagrams as Smaller IP Packets; Can Repeat Datagrams as Smaller IP Packets; Can Repeat Transmission to Increase ReliabilityTransmission to Increase Reliability

**

9.34

4. 4. NETWORK INTERFACE:NETWORK INTERFACE: Handles Handles Addressing and Interface Between Addressing and Interface Between Computer & NetworkComputer & Network

5. 5. PHYSICAL NET:PHYSICAL NET: Defines Electrical Defines Electrical Transmission Characteristics for Sending Transmission Characteristics for Sending Signal Along Networks to DestinationSignal Along Networks to Destination

**

9.35

TRANSMISSION CONTROL TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)(TCP / IP)

OPEN SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT INTERCONNECT (OSI)(OSI)

INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODELMODEL

FOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES FOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OFOF

COMPUTERS & NETWORKSCOMPUTERS & NETWORKS

**

9.36

FACILITATING FACILITATING APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

• ELECTRONIC MAIL (e-mail)ELECTRONIC MAIL (e-mail)• VOICE MAILVOICE MAIL• FACSIMILE MACHINES (fax)FACSIMILE MACHINES (fax)• TELECONFERENCINGTELECONFERENCING• DATACONFERENCINGDATACONFERENCING• VIDEOCONFERENCINGVIDEOCONFERENCING• GROUPWAREGROUPWARE

**

9.37

ELECTRONIC DATA ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE INTERCHANGE (EDI)(EDI)

COMPUTER - TO - COMPUTERCOMPUTER - TO - COMPUTER

EXCHANGE BETWEEN TWO EXCHANGE BETWEEN TWO ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS

OF STANDARD BUSINESS OF STANDARD BUSINESS TRANSACTION DOCUMENTSTRANSACTION DOCUMENTS

**

COMPUTER COMPUTER

SELLER CUSTOMER

ORDERS, PAYMENTS

SHIPPING NOTICES, PRICE

UPDATES, INVOICES

9.39

PROBLEMS POSED BY PROBLEMS POSED BY ENTERPRISE NETWORKINGENTERPRISE NETWORKING

• CONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY

• LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROLLOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL

• ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS

• HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT/SERVER HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTINGCOMPUTING

• RELIABILITY & SECURITYRELIABILITY & SECURITY

**9.40

COSTS OF CLIENT/SERVER COSTS OF CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

• OPERATIONS & SUPPORTOPERATIONS & SUPPORT• APPLICATION DEVELOPMENTAPPLICATION DEVELOPMENT• HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, INSTALLATION, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, INSTALLATION,

MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE• EDUCATION & EDUCATION & TRAININGTRAINING

**

9.41

TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLAN:TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLAN:

• KNOW LONG-RANGE PLANSKNOW LONG-RANGE PLANS• AUDIT EXISTING CAPABILITIESAUDIT EXISTING CAPABILITIES• IDENTIFY, PRIORITIZE CRITICAL IDENTIFY, PRIORITIZE CRITICAL

IMPROVEMENTSIMPROVEMENTS• ENHANCE FIRM’S STRATEGIC POSITIONENHANCE FIRM’S STRATEGIC POSITION

IMPLEMENT PLANIMPLEMENT PLAN

**

9.42

IMPLEMENTATION FACTORSIMPLEMENTATION FACTORS• DISTANCEDISTANCE• RANGE OF SERVICESRANGE OF SERVICES• SECURITYSECURITY• MULTIPLE ACCESSMULTIPLE ACCESS• UTILIZATIONUTILIZATION• COSTCOST• INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION• CONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY

**

9.43