9.1 copyright © 2005 pearson education canada inc. management information systems, second canadian...

9.1Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureChapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure

THE INTERNET AND ITSTHE INTERNET AND ITS

INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE




• What is the new information technology (IT) What is the new information technology (IT) infrastructure for business? Why is infrastructure for business? Why is connectivity so important in this connectivity so important in this infrastructure?infrastructure?

• How does the Internet work? What are its How does the Internet work? What are its major capabilities?major capabilities?

continued

OBJECTIVES




• How can organizations benefit from using How can organizations benefit from using the World Wide Web and Web technology? the World Wide Web and Web technology? How can businesses benefit from the How can businesses benefit from the Wireless Web? Wireless Web?

• What are the principal technologies for What are the principal technologies for supporting electronic commerce and supporting electronic commerce and electronic business?electronic business?

• What management problems are raised by What management problems are raised by the new information technology (IT) the new information technology (IT) infrastructure? How can businesses solve infrastructure? How can businesses solve these problems?these problems?

OBJECTIVES (continued)



Chapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureChapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureWEB SERVICES TAKING OFF? OR JUST MORE HYPE




1.1. Taking a broader perspective on Taking a broader perspective on infrastructure developmentinfrastructure development

2.2. Selecting technologies for the new Selecting technologies for the new information technology (IT) information technology (IT) infrastructureinfrastructure

MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES



Chapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureChapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM

Enterprise NetworkingEnterprise Networking • Arrangement of organization’s hardware, Arrangement of organization’s hardware,

software, network, and data resources software, network, and data resources • Creates a company-wide network linking Creates a company-wide network linking

many smaller networksmany smaller networks

InternetworkingInternetworking• Links separate networks into an Links separate networks into an

interconnected networkinterconnected network

Enterprise Networking and Internetworking



Chapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureChapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM

Enterprise Networking and Internetworking




ConnectivityConnectivity• A measure of how well computers and computer-A measure of how well computers and computer-

based devices communicatebased devices communicate

Open SystemsOpen Systems • Software systems that can operate on different Software systems that can operate on different

hardware platformshardware platforms• Built on nonproprietary operating systems, user Built on nonproprietary operating systems, user

interfaces, application standards, and networking interfaces, application standards, and networking protocolsprotocols

Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration

9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM




Models of Connectivity for NetworksModels of Connectivity for Networks

• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Protocol (TCP/IP)

– US DOD reference model for linking different types of computers and networks

– Used in the Internet

– Uses a five-layer reference model






Models of Connectivity for NetworksModels of Connectivity for Networks

• Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

– International reference model for linking different types of computers and networks

– An alternative to TCP/IP






What is the Internet?

9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM

Internet Service Provider (ISP)Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• Commercial organization with a Commercial organization with a permanent connection to Internet permanent connection to Internet

• Sells temporary connections to Sells temporary connections to subscriberssubscribers




Information ApplianceInformation Appliance

• Device customized to perform few Device customized to perform few specialized computing tasks with minimal specialized computing tasks with minimal user effortuser effort

Internet Technology and Services







Communication on the InternetCommunication on the Internet

• Electronic Mail (E-Mail)Electronic Mail (E-Mail)– Connects people worldwide – Creates productivity gain






Communication on the InternetCommunication on the Internet

• Electronic Mail (E-Mail)Electronic Mail (E-Mail)– Domain name

• Identifies a unique node on the InternetIdentifies a unique node on the Internet– IP address

• Four-byte numeric address Four-byte numeric address – Domain Name System (DNS)

• Hierarchical system of servers maintaining Hierarchical system of servers maintaining databases enabling conversion of domain databases enabling conversion of domain names to their IP addressesnames to their IP addresses




Internet Tools for Communication

• Usenet NewsgroupsUsenet Newsgroups– Forums on which people share

information and ideas on a defined topic– Large electronic bulletin boards

• LISTSERVLISTSERV– Online groups using e-mail broadcast

from mailing list servers






• ChattingChatting– Live, interactive conversations over a

public network

• Instant MessagingInstant Messaging– Chat service that allows participants to

create their own private chat channels– Can be alerted whenever someone on a

private list is online






• TelnetTelnet– Network tool that allows someone to log onto

one computer system while doing work on another

• Internet TelephonyInternet Telephony– Two-way voice transmission over the Internet

using the IP packet-switched connections– Voice over IP (VoIP)

• Virtual Private Networks (VPN)Virtual Private Networks (VPN)– Secure connection between two points on the

Internet to transmit data





File Transfer Protocol (FTP)File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• Tool for retrieving and transferring files Tool for retrieving and transferring files from a remote computerfrom a remote computer

Information Retrieval and Sharing on the Internet





Internet2Internet2

• Research network with new protocols Research network with new protocols and transmission speeds and transmission speeds

• Provides an infrastructure for Provides an infrastructure for supporting high bandwidth Internet supporting high bandwidth Internet applicationsapplications

Next Generation Networks and Internet2





CA*net3CA*net3• Canadian equivalent of Internet2Canadian equivalent of Internet2• Designed to carry high-speed transmission Designed to carry high-speed transmission

over a government-funded backbone over a government-funded backbone through Canadathrough Canada





Chapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureChapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• Home PageHome Page– A World Wide Web text and graphical

screen display that welcomes the user

• WebmasterWebmaster– The person in charge of an organization’s

Web site

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL)– The address of a specific resource on the

Internet



Chapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureChapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• HypertextHypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)Transport Protocol (HTTP)– Communications standard used to transfer

pages on the Web– Defines how messages are formatted and

transmitted




Search EngineSearch Engine• Locates specific sites or information on Locates specific sites or information on

InternetInternet

Shopping BotShopping Bot• Software with varying levels of built-in Software with varying levels of built-in

intelligenceintelligence• Helps electronic commerce shoppers Helps electronic commerce shoppers

locate and evaluate products or services locate and evaluate products or services

Searching for Information on the Web9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB




Broadcast and Push TechnologyBroadcast and Push Technology

• ““Push” TechnologyPush” Technology– Information broadcast directly to user based on

prespecified interests

• MulticastingMulticasting– Transmission of data to a selected group of

recipients





Intranet TechnologyIntranet Technology– Firewall

• Hardware or software placed between an Hardware or software placed between an organization’s internal network and external organization’s internal network and external network network

• Prevents outsiders from invading private Prevents outsiders from invading private networksnetworks

ExtranetsExtranets– Private intranets extended to authorized

users outside company

Intranets and Extranets

9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB




Intranets and Extranets





The Wireless WebThe Wireless Web

• Technologies enabling users to access Technologies enabling users to access digital information from the Internet using digital information from the Internet using wireless mobile computing deviceswireless mobile computing devices

The Wireless Web





The Wireless Web





The Wireless Web


• Wireless Web StandardsWireless Web Standards– Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

• Lets cell phones and other wireless devices Lets cell phones and other wireless devices with small displays access Web-based with small displays access Web-based servicesservices

– Wireless Markup Language (WML)• Based on XML and optimized for tiny displaysBased on XML and optimized for tiny displays

– Microbrowser• Web browser with low-memory constraintsWeb browser with low-memory constraints

– I-mode• Standard developed by Japan’s NTT DoCoMoStandard developed by Japan’s NTT DoCoMo




The Wireless Web





The Wireless Web


M-Commerce ChallengesM-Commerce Challenges

– Keyboards and screens of cell phones tiny and awkward to use

– Very slow data transfer speeds

– Minimal memory and limited power supplies in Internet-enabled phones

– Web content primarily in text with very little graphics

– Incompatible technologies




The Wireless Web


Voice PortalsVoice Portals

• Accept voice commands for accessing information from the web



Chapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureChapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure9.4 SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS

HitHit– Entry into Web server’s log file – Generated by each request to the server

for a file

Electronic Commerce Server SoftwareElectronic Commerce Server Software– Provides functions essential for running

e-commerce Web sites• Setting up cataloguesSetting up catalogues• Mechanisms for processing purchasesMechanisms for processing purchases

Web Servers and Electronic Commerce Servers




• Collecting and storing data and combining Collecting and storing data and combining data with already stored datadata with already stored data

• Analyzing the data Analyzing the data

• Identifying customer preferences and Identifying customer preferences and trendstrends

Customer Tracking and Personalization Tools

9.4 SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS




• Clickstream TrackingClickstream Tracking– Tracking data about customer activities

at Web sites and storing them in a log

• Collaborative FilteringCollaborative Filtering– Track users’ movements on a Web site– Compare the information against other

customers’ data– Predict what the user would like to see

next

Customer Tracking and Personalization Tools





Software to facilitate collection, assembly, and management of content on Web site, intranet, or extranet

• Dynamic Page GenerationDynamic Page Generation– Technology for storing the contents of Web pages

as objects in a database where they can be accessed and assembled to create constantly changing Web pages

• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)Common Gateway Interface (CGI)– A standard way for a Web server to pass a user’s

request to an application and to receive data to be forwarded to the user

Web Content Management Tools





• Software Tools for:Software Tools for:

– Monitoring time taken to download Web pages and perform Web transactions

– Identifying broken links between Web pages, Web site problems, and bottlenecks

Web Site Performance Monitoring Tool





• Company with large Web server computers Company with large Web server computers

• Maintain Web sites for fee-paying Maintain Web sites for fee-paying subscriberssubscribers

Web Hosting Services




Chapter 9: The Internet and Its InfrastructureChapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure9.5 MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND DECISIONS

• Loss of management controlLoss of management control• Connectivity and application integration Connectivity and application integration

challengeschallenges• Organizational change requirementsOrganizational change requirements• Hidden costs of enterprise computingHidden costs of enterprise computing• Scalability, reliability, and securityScalability, reliability, and security• DowntimeDowntime

The Challenge of Managing the New IT Infrastructure




• Change managementChange management

• Education and trainingEducation and training

• Data administration disciplinesData administration disciplines

• Planning for connectivity and application Planning for connectivity and application integrationintegration

Some Solutions

9.5 MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND DECISIONS




THE INTERNET AND ITSTHE INTERNET AND ITS

INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE

9.1 copyright © 2005 pearson education canada inc. management information systems, second canadian...

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