9. urban sustainability - ulisboa · urban environmental problems and urban sustainability ......
TRANSCRIPT
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Problemas ambientais urbanos e sustentabilidade urbana/
Urban environmental problems and urban sustainability
2ª aula
Maria do Rosário Partidário
MEC, 4º ano, 2º sem, 2010-11!Desafios Ambientais e de
Sustentabilidade em Engenharia!
Inputs Outputs
Energy
Food
Water
Raw materials Manufactured goods
Money
Information
Solid wastes
Waste heat
Air pollutants
Water pollutants
Greenhouse gases
Manufactured goods
Noise
Wealth
Ideas
CITIES ENVIRONMENT!
Future Cities!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmRoc7_jVdo&feature=related!
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!Cities Alliance (http://www.citiesalliance.org/ca/)!
How can the environment be integrated in city planning?!
Cities around the world are growing like never before.
Source: UN World Urbanization Prospects, the 2009 Revision
!Cities Alliance (http://www.citiesalliance.org/ca/)!
How can the environment be integrated in city planning?!
This trend is expected to continue as more and more people flock to urban areas in search of opportunities and a better life.
By 2060, the world is likely to be fully urbanized, with more than 80 percent of the population residing in urban areas.
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!Europe’s cities should be sustainable and offer a high quality of life so that !!- people want to live and !- work in them and !- businesses want to invest there!
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EU (2006)!Strategy to improve the environment in Europe’s cities!
Make Europe a more attractive place to work and invest (Lisbon strategy, 2005)!
Climate change - help adaptation to climate change (environmental risks, sustainable urban transport plans, sustainable construction, energy policy) !
Nature and Biodiversity (sustainable urban design, promotion of urban biodiversity, soil protection)!
Health and Quality of Life (health, air quality, noise, transports)!
Sustainable use of natural resources (prevention and recycling of waste)!
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!EU sustainable development priorities !
- urban EU inter-related policies through integrated urban management plans !
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!Cities Alliance (http://www.citiesalliance.org/ca/)!
!Major challenges in cities
• Unprecedented population growth rates.
• Increasing urban poverty
• Decentralization of responsibility to the local level.
• Climate change
Benefits from urbanization
1. Economic growth
2. Poverty prevention and alleviation
3. Efficiency
4. Dynamism
5. Opportunities for shared learning
6. Greater potential to influence popular behaviour
!Cities Alliance (http://www.citiesalliance.org/ca/)!
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Cities Development Strategies
An action-oriented process, developed and sustained through participation, to promote equitable growth in cities and their surrounding regions to improve the quality of life for all citizens
A CDS helps cities integrate a strategic development approach and a long-term perspective into their urban planning:
• Allocate resources strategically.
• Attract capital and discipline its use.
• Clarify the vision for its future.
• Build necessary partnerships.
• Anticipate future shocks.
• Plan for growth.
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high levels of traffic and congestion, !
poor air quality, ! high levels of ambient noise ! poor-quality built environment,! derelict land,! greenhouse gas emissions,! generation of waste,! waste water,! risks!
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!Cities environmental challenges that can cause environmental damage and affect human health!
!
physical quality (air, water, soil, noise),
natural resources (water, air, soil, light, energy, natural spaces),
landscape and green spaces,
community, cultural heritage, sustainable construction, mobility, economic activities, health.
Cities environmental values
Air Quality!Biodiversity!Energy, Climate Change and Ozone Depletion!Food and Agriculture!Hazardous Materials!Economy and Economic Development!Environmental Justice !Human Health!Parks, Open Spaces and Streetscapes!Solid Waste!Transportation!Water and Wastewater!Municipal Expenditures!Public Information and Education !Risk Management (Activities of High Environmental Risk) !!
http://www.sustainable-city.org/!
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Environment as an asset for cities!Services that the natural environmental
provides to urban centres!ICLEI, More Urban, Less Poor, More liveable
• Parks and greenbelts produce oxygen and clean
the air, • Rainfall provides clean drinking water and
irrigation for crops, • Forests serve as watersheds and tourist
destinations, and • Wetlands filter and process waste and provide a
nursery for fisheries.
The health-environment-poverty nexus!
Toward a Sustainable Urban Paradigm Cities – The Problem or The Solution !!by Mayor Jeremy Harris!
!The Current Path – Unsustainable Urbanization!Consumption and Waste - The Poverty/Environmental Decay Nexus!!The New Urban Paradigm - includes!• the environment as an asset!• the new sustainable urban accounting!• sustainable city development strategies!• urban resource recovery & reuse!• sustainable economic development, land use planning, transportation!• sustainable energy policy - economics of energy efficiency!• renewable energy – urban stability & self sufficiency!• reinventing city governance!• structure and authority, capacity building!• partnerships, leadership!
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Masdar programme!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyghLnbp20U&feature=related!!
Amatciems (Letónia)!http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=xUW-zsU0DpM&feature=related!!
Designing the future!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eb45_451K0U&feature=related!
Interesting links
Cities Alliance!(http://www.citiesalliance.org/activities-output/topics/cds/cds.html)!!Regional Policy – Inforegio, www.urbanaudit.org !!UE 6º Programa Acção!(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/urban/pdf/com_2005_0718_pt.pdf). !ICLEI!(http://www.iclei.org/) !Portugal!(www.cidadessustentaveis.info/)!