9 apwh review packet - mshistorybuff.commshistorybuff.com/9 pre-ap/final keys/2019/hana.pdf ·...

!

! Ms. Buffalino

9AP The content you are being tested on is coming from: this packet, class

notes, quizzes, exams, assigned readings, homeworks and class projects. TBD Exam Format: 55 M.C., 3 SAQs, and an LEQ essay.

This review packet was created by Ms. Buffalino in order to prepare students for the AP World Final on _____. Students are to use their AP Barron’s Review Book, Prentice Hall Review Book

(digitally), Weekly Assignment Book, and Traditions and Encounters textbook/website while filling out this review packet. Throughout the packet Ms. Buffalino has even referenced page numbers and the recommended reference source(s) for additional assistance! SAVE THIS FOR NEXT YEAR – THIS IS THE FIRST HALF OF NEXT YEAR’S REVIEW PACKET. You will need this when studying for the AP Examination NEXT YEAR. Sections from this packet will be assigned throughout the remainder of

the school year. The first half of this packet was completed for midterms. The final, completed packet is due Tuesday May 14, 2019.

Students should also be studying sample essays and sample multiple choice questions on their own. Sample questions can be found under Ms. Buffalino’s “Useful links” on her website as well as in the

AP Barron’s Review Book/CD.

Student’s Name (Printed): Hana Zhang

Student’s Signature: ______________________________________________

Parent’s Signature: ______________________________________________

Assigned Date: 3/28/19

9 APWH Review Packet

Ms. Buffalino, APWH ! 2

Geography Review Category Russia India England China Japan Latin

AmericaAfrica

Important Geographic Features

-Lack of warm water ports-Ural Mountains-Straight of Dardanelles-Europe + Asia

-Himalayas-Subcontinent-Monsoons-Deccan Plateau-Western and Eastern Ghats-South Asia

-Island location but had features essential to industrialisation -Europe

-Gobi desert -Himalayas-Isolation-Monsoons-Ethnocentric-Asia

-Lack of natural resources-Archipelago-Mountains-Asia

-Andes mountains-Terrace farming-Diverse-Rainforest

• Sahara desert• Nile river• Delta

Impact of Features Socially

-Limited Cultural Diffusion-Lack of warm water ports-Hard to trade

-Isolated -Monsoons

-Island -Isolated-Strong industrial resources

-Monsoons -Ethnocentric (believe their country is superior)

-Lack of natural resources -Islands -Mountains -Isolated

-Diverse Population

-Diverse Population

Impact of Features Politically

-Limited cultural diffusion-Later Gained access to Baltic Sea (Peter the Great) -Later Gained access to Black Sea (Catherine the Great)-Behind technologically

-Isolated -Strong Navy -Isolated -Limited cultural diffusion

-Isolated -Vulnerable to Invasion

-Diverse Population

-Diverse Population

Impact of Features Economically

-No Warm Water Ports= limited trade-Large size prevented prosperous economic growth-Gained access to Baltic + Black Sea

-Monsoons affected agriculture -Fertile Farmland-Agricultural Economy

-Island locations helps to increase trade but limits fertile farmland -Later becomes industrial nation

-Rely heavily on farming due to fertile soil in the east -Large size prevented economy growth

-Limited Farming due to little fertile soil -Rely heavily on fish as food due to the island location

-Diverse landforms lead to prosperity in certain areas-Deforestation increases amount of farmland

•First civilisations started near the Nile river which allowed farm land•Natural resources become important to Europeans

Use class notes


AP World Regions These are referenced for the MC and Essay Questions.


Technological and Environmental Transformations 10,000BCE to 600 BCE

What was the Paleolithic Era and why is it significant?

-Another Name for the Old Stone Age -Significance: Age before the development of advanced technology (stone tools) and complex civilizations

What is the significance of hunting-foraging bands of humans gradually migrating from their origins in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the

Americas?

-Shows that nomadic people will follow their food source to survive -Cultural diffusion

What was the Neolithic Revolution and why is it significant?

-Change from nomadic life-style to a agricultural lifestyle -led to complex civilisations -government -religion -patriarchal societies

Neolithic Revolution

How did agricultural advancements impact society?

-Hunter gatherers = agricultural society (permanent settlements) -Patriarchal societies (male-dominated) -Increase in food and inventions (language, religion, writing, social hierarchy)

Define: pastoralism and give an example of where it was used

Nomadic Peoples that travel from place to place with domesticated livestock -EX: Mongols

Prentice Hall, pages 4-8 5 Steps to a 5: 70-73,

76-80, 154

5 Steps to a 5: 65-69 Prentice Hall Unit 1


Ancient Civilizations Chart

Civilizations Geography Religion Government Contributions

Egypt

•Africa•Middle east•Deserts•Nile River-Flows north-Longest river-Left silt deposits-FERTILE DELTA•Irrigation Systems-Spread Agriculture•TRADE-> CULTURAL DIFFUSION

•Polytheistic•God of the Nile-> Osiris•Aman-Re-> the sun god•Pharaoh is the human king viewed as a god•Mummification-> shows a belief in an afterlife•Pyramids

•Pharaohs•Dynasties (bloodline)•Centralised•Social Classes•Patriarchal•(Women had a larger role here than they had in other civs)

•Rosetta stone (helps translate and decipher hieroglyphics•Papyrus = Paper•Record Keeping•Literature-Book of the dead•Architecture•Calendar•Science•Medicine

Mesopotamia (Sumer)

•Iran, Iraq and Syria today•"Mesopotamia" means the land between two rivers•Tigris and Euphrates rivers•Crescent Shaped (Fertile Crescent)•Good farmland•Lack of natural barrios•Irrigation (Spread agriculture)

•Polytheistic•Explained nature and the unexplainable•Ziggurats-Step lie pyramids -Worship-Dedicated to a god•Epic of Gilgamesh

•City states•Decentralised•Hereditary rulers•Walled cities•Irrigation•Collected taxes•Code of Hammurabi-Written law code-Held all accountable-Not easily changed-Shows social class distinctions

-Irrigations-Cuneiform-Chariots-Algebra-Astronomy

Indus River Valley

(Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro)

•Modern day Pakistan and India•Subcontinent•Monsoons and floods •Indus and Ganges rivers•River valley•Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa•Himalayas

-Hinduism -Inferred hereditary rulers •Centralised•Well organised•Hilltop fortresses (citadels)

•Plumbing with baths that lead to sewers •Wells•Grow and weave cotton•Measuring system•Pottery•Weaving and metal working

China

•Huang He River (the yellow river/ chinas sorrow)•Loess (yellowish silt deposits)•Yangzi Chiang(Jaing)•Isolation•(Middle kingdom)•Ethnocentric (believed they were superior•Monsoons

•Balance in nature•Polytheistic-Yin + Yang-Ancestor veneration-Mandate of Heaven-Confucianism (Analects)-Daoism-Legalism-Buddhism

•Dynasties•Mandate of heaven (divine right to rule)•Shang (First dynasty 1600BCE- 1046 BCE•Xia comes first•2070 BCE•Dynasty is used until the 1900's •1949=communist regime

•Pictograph writing•Tens of thousands of characters•Usually only wealthy upper-class men were literate•Oracle Bones (connected to ancestors)•Zhou Literature (the book of songs)

Prentice Hall, pages 4-8 5 Steps to a 5: 70-73, 76-80, 154


Terms and Concepts Answer/Description

1. What is a nomad?Person who travels from place to place in search of food

2. Define irrigation:Method of spreading agriculture by increasing the distance water can travel (Man-built)

3. Define: social stratificationSocial Class system that defines a person in societyEX:Egypt

4. What role did women play in ancient civilizations?

-Patriarchal (Women were subordinate)-Women were responsible for child bearing

5. How did agriculture and pastoralism transform human society (social structure/technology)?

•Agriculture and pastoralism both allowed for a steady food supply which allowed for permanent settlements•This led to the ability to have time to create new technologies and advancements •Led to social class systems based on job specialisation and wealth•Also created the need for a government to provide order

6. How did improvements in agricultural production, trade and transportation impact metallurgy?

•Since agriculture was beginning to be mass produced, new metallurgy and advancements were needed•Trade spread ideas from one place to another•Trade led to interactions and war which required weapons

7. Define: Compound bows and give an example of where they were used.

-Used for Hunting in Africa-Improved distance and hunting skills-Improved warfare-EX: Acadia and Africa

8. Define: Iron weapons and give an example of where they were used.

-More effective weapons-Easier and Cheaper to make-Invented by Hittites and Spread by Bantu

9. Define: Chariot and give an example of where they were used.

-Improved ability to travel and conquer lands-Wheels on cart pulled by horses-EX: Hittites and Egypt


10. Define: Quipu and include where it was used.

-Record Keeping by knot tying-EX: Incas and Chavin

11. What is the significance of the Vedic religion during this periodization?

-Hinduism was brought to India in 3000BCE-sacred texts written here

12. What is the significance of Zoroastrianism during this periodization?

-Belief of good versus bad -Led empires -> Persia

13. What is the significance of Hebrew monotheism during this periodization?

-First religion that was not polytheistic -> a lot of persecution of Jews -Influenced Christianity and Islamic Faith

14. Why was China known as the Middle Kingdom?

-People believed China was an empire in the middle of the Earth

15. What is a dynasty? What was the mandate of heaven?

-Government ruled by bloodline -Belief of god given right to rule through dynastic cycle -EX: China


Trade expanded locally to regional and transregional:

! Gold, Slaves, Ivory Limited to spices, textiles, metals

Describe illustrative forms of literature such as:

1. The Epic of Gilgamesh:

-Tale of a god-like king named Gilgamesh-gave info about Mesopotamian life-Mesopotamian -> follow destiny, do not be immortal

2. The Rig Veda:

-Songs, hymns, rituals (Hindu text)

3. The Book of the dead:

-Guideline used to aid Egyptians into their afterlife

!

Explain the significance of the trade that occurred

between:

Egypt and NubiaMesopotamia and the Indus River

Valley


Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies 600 BCE – 600 CE

Belief Systems (not organized by periodization)

Belief SystemApproximate Date, Place of Origin

and/or Place WorshipedFounder, Beliefs and Sacred

Text

Animism •Developed simultaneously around the world•Currently practiced in Africa and Americas (mainly)• Tribes of Native Americans

•No single founder •Sacred Text: Storytelling •Rituals take place in nature •Shaman •Nature worship •Everything has a spirit •Ancestor worship

Shintoism

• 500 BCE• Japan• Torri Gate

•Descended from Animism•Focus on Nature•Tori Gates•Sacred texts: The Kojiki•Believe in Harmony through the people and natureHarmony promotes peace•Founded in Japan

Prentice Hall, pages 21-27 Traditions and Encounters, Various

Chapters


Taoism (Daoism)

•500 BCE•Currently practiced - Southeast Asia• Mountains +. Temples

Developed in the laterparts of the Zhou Dynasty in China•Founder- Lau Tze•Sacred text- Tao-te-Ching•Tao- the Way of life•Link between people and nature•Yin and Yang- Harmony in the world

Hinduism

•Still practiced today mainly in India•2000 BCE• Temples

•Texts: the Vedas•Monistic- 3 main gods•Dharma•Karma•Reincarnation (samsara)•Moksha- Final resting place for the soul•Caste System- Rigid social class system composed of Priests-> Wariors-> Merchants-> Peasants-> Untouchables•More patriarchal•Women could not achieve Moksha because women could not become priests•Ahisma- Nonviolence•Cow is sacred animal•The Ganges river in India is Sacred•Founded by the Aryan tribe•Originated in India

Buddhism

•500BCE• India• Temples

•Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha/ the Enlightened One)•Originated in India•Eventually spread to other nations such as China and other Asian countries•Descended from Hinduism•Texts: the Tripitaka•Way of life•Dharma•Karma•Nirvana- Final resting place for the soul•WOMEN HAD MORE EQUALITY•Reincarnation (samsara)•Believed women had souls•REJECTS THE CASTE SYSTEM•Ahisma- Nonviolence


Judaism

•Founded 2000BCE• Middle East (Palestine)• 18th Century• Synagogue (temple)

•Founders- Moses and Abraham (prophets)•Founded in Israel•Has spread throughout the world over time•First MONOTHEISTIC religion -> Persecution•Sacred text: the Torah•The 10 commandments- set of morals given from God to Moses on Mt. Sinai •God= Yahweh•Place of worship- Synagogue •Name of followers- Jews•Heaven- Resting Place

Christianity

•Around 30 CE (AD)• Church• Palestine

•Developed in Judea (modern day Isreal)•Monotheistic•Messiah- Jesus•Texts- Bible•10 commandments- moral code•Holy trinity- Father, son, holy spirit•Place of worship- Church•Christians•Crucifixion- death on the crossMany branches-Lutheran-Methodist-Anglican

Islam

•Founded 622CE• Prophet Muhammad• Mecca• Mosque

•Mecca- Saudi Arabia•Angel Gabriel- Muhammad•Jerusalem- connected to Muhammad's ascent into Heaven•MONOTHEISTIC•Allah-God•Sacred Text: The Qu'ran•5 Pillars of IslamMoral codes1) One god and his prophet2) Prayer 5 times a day3) Charity4) Fasting5) Visit Mecca once in their life time•Sharia- Islamic Law•Dar-al-Islam- where Islam has spread and been accepted•Caliph- Political leadership of Muslim Ummah•Kaaba- black stone building in mecca shaped like a cube; Muslims must pray in this direction 2 sects of Islam-Sunni- 90%-Shi'ite- 10%


Confucianism

What is the difference between Confucianism

and Neo-Confucianism? (include which dynasty)

• China• Temples• ~ 550 BCE• Zhou Dynasty• Temple

Neo-Confucianism = Daoism + Buddhism beliefs combined

•Originated in China •Fonder: Kong Fu Zi; Confucius Lived in the Zhou Dynasty1050BCE-256 BCE•Natural social order to society•5 relationships•If everyone knows their place in society society would prevail•Filial Piety- Respect elders•The Analects- sacred texts-Heavy focus on Education-Civil Service Exams

•1000 BCE• Zoroaster• Fire temple

•Founded by Zoroaster/Zarathustra •Middle East•Major religion of Persian empire•One of the first monotheistic religions•God- Ahura Mazda•Dualistic- battle between good and evil•Good thoughts, good deeds and good words•Rituals take place in fire temples•Fire is sacred•The Farahvar is the symbol of this religion-GOOD VS. EVIL

Zoroastrianism

! T& E

Chapers 7-12


•1500 CE• Pungia in India• Gurdwara (Place of worship)

-Punjab India•Guru Nanak •Syncretic religion•Combination of Buddhism and Hinduism•MONOTHEISTIC•Reincarnation•Meditation•Text- Guru Granth Sahib•Dharma•Karma•Ahisma

•1863 CE• Iran• Temples

•Iran•Meditation•Texts: Bah'ai World Faith-New testament

Baha’i

! T& E

Chapers 7-12

Sikhism

! T& E

Chapers 7-12


• 221-206 BCE• China• Temple

•Founder- Shi Huangdi•Qin Dynasty•Was enforced in Qin Dynasty but became less in as Confucianism came to China •Laws were important•Harsh punishment•The Book of Lord Shang = sacred text•Rules and guidelines•Harsh punishments•Soldiers helped•Government based

•440 BCE• India• Jain temple

•India•Sacred Texts: Agamas•No gods•Karma•"Live and let live"•Ahisma= Nonviolence

Legalism

! T& E

Chapers 7-12

Jainism

! T& E

Chapers 7-12


Important Concepts

Response

Why were the early faiths polytheistic? Explain.

-Explained the unexplainable (no science)-Some civs had decentralized city states in which each state was dedicated to a god

List the polytheistic religions:Animism, Shintoism, Hinduism

List the monotheistic religions:Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Zoroastrianism

Give three examples of places in the world that practiced

ancestor veneration:

China, Japan, Korea

How did Buddhism change as it spread from India to China?

Became more Patriarchal

Who was Asoka and what faith did he help to spread?

Ruler of the Mauryan Empire; Buddhism

How did Daoism develop Chinese culture? Explain and provide

specific examples.

Focus on nature and equality (China -> More freedoms)

Define filial piety:Confucianist component that deals with respect of elders

Which two faiths are known for their Missionary work?

Christianity and Islam

Is religion unifying or divisive? Explain.

Religion is both unifying and divisive. Religions create peace and explain the unexplainable however wars such as the crusades may take place between religions as well as persecution

Why is Jerusalem considered to be a turbulent city?

Holy city for Christianity, Judaism and Islam


!

EMPIRE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION/SIGNIFICANCE

Assyrians

The Assyrians were located in Mesopotamia. They flourished in 1300BCE and took over after the Babylonians fell. They modeled the code of Hammurabi

Babylonians

The Babylonians flourished in Mesopotamia and established a law code that was not easily changed and held all accountable. This code influenced later governments such as the twelve tables of Rome.

The conquests of the Assyrians, Babylonians and Roman empires contributed to the growth of Jewish diasporic communities around the Mediterranean and Middle East.

Parthian Sassanid

Achaemenid

Describe the significance of

the Persian empires:

Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters

First Persian empire that expanded and conquered Egypt. (Expanded from Asia to North Africa)

Influenced the writing of Islam; Advanced in education and culture; Influenced beliefs and customs

Defeated ancient Greece; picked up different culture; expressed arts and architecture


Greece

Compare and Contrast:

Athens: • Capital -> Attica • Trade, not as military based • Democratic • Limited democracy • Laws made by assembly • Only male citizens participated • Education for boys • Women inferior

Sparta: • Capital -> Laconia • Mandatory military service • Oligarchy (2 kings) • Military service for all boys • Girls trained to be soldiers’ mother • Women obey men • Women can own property

Compare: • Cities • Agriculture • Common language • Shared heroes • Olympic game • Same gods and religions beliefs

Socrates Plato Aristotle

Socratic Method of questioning as a learning

tool.

Wrote The Republic Favored a strong,

controlling government

Developed ideas on government

Favored the one strong and wise rule as best form.

Considered to be first western philosopher

Society has three classes: Philosophers, Soldiers,

and Workers

Human Reason was the key to learning

Prentice Hall, 9-17 5 Steps to a 5: 92-94


Rome How did Julius Caesar pave the way for the Roman Empire?

-Strong army -Defeated Pompey the great

I am considered to be the first Roman Emperor. Who am I?

Augustus: Republic -> Empire

What was Hellenistic culture? Who established it? What were the accomplishments?

Combo of Greek, Persian, Indian and Egyptian Culture; spread by Alexander the Great -Syncretic blending of cultures -Spread Greek language, art, culture, political ideas, philosophy

Terms and Concepts for Greece & Rome Answer/Description

1. Define a direct democracy:People have direct say in gov’t; vote directly for decisions

2. Define a republic: Vote through representatives

3. Define patricians and plebeians:Wealthy class in Rome; Ordinary citizens, common folk

4. Who was Pericles?Created the direct democracy; stabilised government; golden age of Greece; Delian League

5. What was the Peloponnesian War?Fought between Athens and Sparta; Sparta won; Weakened the city states and led to the takeover of Alexander the Great

6. What was the Delian League?League formed by Pericles; joined city states together to defend against Persia


Accomplishments Pax Romana

Transportation: -Roads (Appian Way) -Tunnels -Aqueducts

Law and Order: -12 Tables of Rome -Set of rules and standards, written

Coliseum: -Arena in which gladiators fight for entertainment

Language: -Latin was main language

Engineering: -Aqueducts, Sewage, Dams, Arcs, Cement -Romanesque Architecture

What was the Pax Romana? When did it occur? Where did occur? Who was the leader that began it?

Pax Romana means "Roman Peace." This was the golden age of Rome and it began with the rule of the leader Augustus. This occurred for about 200 Years beginning in 31 BCE. This was a time of relative peace, prosperity and achievements.



What lead to the fall of the Roman Empire?

- Invasions by Barbarian tribes

- Christianity and loss of traditional values

- Economic troubles + owner dependance on slave labor

- Rise of the Eastern Empire

- Overexpansion, and military overspending

- Government corruption and political instability

Why was Rome considered to be an administrative institution or centralised form of government?

Centralised form of government; head figure; set of rules

What did the fall of the Roman Empire pave the way for?

Rise of the Eastern Empire (Byzantine); Middle Ages and Crusades



Who was Shi Huangdhi?

Ruler of China during the Qin Dynasty; Began construction of the Great wall of China

What dynasty is he from?

Qin Dynasty

Compare and contrast the rise and fall of the Han and Roman Empires:

Compare:

•Education •Trade •Silk Road •LARGE EMPIRES •Fell after strong leaders •High taxes •Empires both split into two •Disciplined army •Roads • Civil Service System

Contrast:

Han: • Began in 206 CE • Land-based • Needed canals • Built off of other dynasties • Confucianism • Mandate of Heaven Rome: • Began in 278 CE • Ease of trade and travel due to Mediterranean Sea • Built from Scratch • Aqueducts = Irrigation

What is the significance of the Silk Road? Spread Ideas; Connected China to Mediterranean; Buddhism and Christianity was spread; Ended in 1453 by Ottomans

Who was Han Wudi and why is he significant? Emperor of Han China; stabilised the government and was responsible for the Golden Age of China

Prentice Hall, 18-20 5 Steps to a 5: 90


Geographic Study (This means study this ☺ )The number of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there had been competing states.

Key States/Empires Approximate Location

Southwest Asia: Persian Empires

(Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanid)

East Asia: Qin and Han Empires

South Asia: Maurya and Gupta

MesoAmerica: Teotihuacan, Tenochtitlan, Maya city-states

!

! !

! Persia = Iran today


Andean South America: MocheCivilization from 100-700 CE

!


Briefly, yet thoroughly respond to the following:

1. Define: Corvée

Tax payed in the form of labor; Originated in Egypt

Describe the relationship between Han China and the Xiongu:

Xiongu caused Great Wall to be created; threat to Han

2. Describe the relationship between the Guptas and the White Huns:

White Huns ended the Gupta Empire

3. Define: paterfamilias

Originated in Rome; father had total control over the family unit

4. How did the emergence of yokes, saddles and stirrups alter world history?

Allowed trade to become faster, easier, and more efficient; helped with agriculture

5. How did the domestication of horses, oxen, camels and llamas alter world history?

Increase in trade, helped carry goods due to power which helped agriculture as well

6. How did the inventions of the dhow and lateen sails alter maritime/world history?

People trade over revised Silk Roads

7. Define: qanat system

Underground irrigation EX: Iran

Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters Steps to a 5: 107-108


� 600BC – 600 CETrade Routes

Climate and Geographic Location: Typical goods traded: Ethnicity of people

involved: Significance of trade route:

Eurasian Silk Roads

Location: Stretched from the Middle East and the ports of the eastern Mediterranean to Chinas Pacific Coast

Climate: Much of the environment surrounding these routes were wilderness

India-> Spices, jewels, cotton China-> Porcelain and silkOther-> Glassware, perfumes and slaves

Persians, Chinese, Romans

•Led to many advances in technology•Spread many belief systems including Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam

Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes

Location: Connected sub-Saharan Africa with the Mediterranean, Egypt and Middle East

Climate: This region was an arid desert with few places of water (oasis)

Iron, salt, manufactured goods, nuts, oil, foodstuff, gold and ivory

Africans, Egyptians, Nubians, Arabs

•Islam expanded throughout this region using this route•Slavery became a major part of the northbound trade

Indian Ocean Trade

Location: Connected East Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, China and Japan

Climate: Monsoon winds were dangerous but also allowed sailors to navigate and use to their advantage

East Africa-> Ebony, Ivory, animal products, wood carvings

Arabia-> Copper, Myrrh, Frankincense and dates

India, Malay Peninsula, and Indonesia-> Spices, cotton, and jewels, and foodstuff

China-> Porcelain and Silk

Africans, people of the Middle East, Indians, Chinese, Japanese (DOMINATED BY MUSLIMS)

•Diasporic communities were created along the routes due to the ability to travel far distances•Cultural, linguistic and religious interactions influenced societies throughout this region

Mediterranean Trade

Located: Between Africa and Eurasia

Grain, technology, Ideas, military supplies, armies

Persians, Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans

•Helped Rome during the Pax Romana•Connected Italy and Egypt•Led to clashes of people and wars.

5 Steps to a 5: 108 Traditions and Encounters Various Chapters


Regional and Transregional Interactions 600 CE – 1450 CE

Chose two of the following trade cities and explain the significance of the city during this periodization: Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili City-States, Hangzhou, Calcut, Bagdad,

Melada, Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia

! Give an example of a civilization that used paper money: Tang China

Explain how this process helped facilitate commercial infrastructure:

Universal form of money -> increase in trade; lighter than gold

City #1 Timbuktu City #2 Tenochtitlan

•Capital of the Mali Empire •Center of trade in Africa •Center of education •Islam was spread here •Gold and salt trade •Mansa Musa

•Capital of the Aztec Empire•Trade Center•Modern day Mexico City•Pyramids, temples and palaces were built•Developed system of agriculture known as Chinampas•Traded Slaves, crops, jewelety, gold

5 Steps to a 5: 142 Traditions and Encounters

Various Chapters


Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire is the eastern half of the Roman Empire that lasted until about 1453.

What was Justinian’s Code and who was

Justinian?

• Emperor of Byzantine Empire• Created Justinians Code similar

to the 12 tables• Justinian thought of as a God• Corpus Juris Civilis

Orthodox Christian Church

• 1054 after Great Schism• Constantinople• Priests can marry• Investiture of priests

Great Schism

This was the split between Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism. This was sparked by the fall of Rome as well as corruption of the catholic church.

Cyrillic Alphabet

Adapted version of the Greek alphabet used in translating the Bible. Still used today in Russia

Orthodox Christianity

• “Right-thinking”• No pope• Separate identity from

Roman Catholics

Autocratic Government

An autocratic government is one ruled by a single ruler with complete authority. The Russian government adopted this. Autocrats were called Czars.

Prentice Hall, 44-47


Caliphates

Geographic Location

Time Frame Significance

Umayyad caliphate

Iraq 661-750 CE •Had religious tolerance•Jews and Christians had to pay taxes•Converts were inferior

Abbasid caliphate

Iraq (Capital at Baghdad)

750-1258 CE •Trade from western Mediterranean to China•Influenced by Greeks, Romans and Persians•Indian system of numbers•Mathematics•Astrolabe- helped to plot routes in the Age of Exploration•Laid down ports for the encounter•Sufis - spread islam

Delhi Sultanates

Extended across Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan

1306-1526 CE •Led to the formation of the Mughal Empire•Converted many people to Islam

5 Steps to a 5: 120-121 Traditions and Encounters

Various Chapters


China

Sui Dynasty Accomplishments • Grand canals • Strong Military • Re-unification of China • Expanded empire

Tang and Song Dynasties • Land reform • Increase in trade (Chinese merchants traded with India, Persia, and

the Middle East. They became experts and ship building and became a naval power)

• Canals (grand canal) • Calligraphy • Porcelain • Tributary System • Land reform - redistributed land to peasants which weakened the

landowners


5 Steps to a 5: 127-128


The following groups developed diasporic communities:

• Muslim merchant communities in the Indian Ocean • Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia • Sogdian merchants throughout Central Asia • Jews in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin and along the Silk Road

What is a diasporic community? Explain.

A diasporic community is one that forms spread out from the main civilization. Diasporic communities are formed as a result of trade and travel especially sea transportation.

Geographic Location/ Environmental Adaptation

Significance and notable accomplishments:

Scandinavian Vikings

Northern Europe •Plundered and raided villages•Led to the end of the Carolingian Empire and sparked the development of small kingdoms in England established by Germanic Tribes

Berbers

North Africa/Sahara Instrumental in the spread of Islam

Bantu

Trans-Saharan Africa •Bantu spread and refined Iron Metallurgy

5 Steps to a 5: 146-147 Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters


Explain: Dar-al-Islam

The spread of Islam

What are the characteristics that make up a golden age?

A time of relative peace, prosperity, and achievements.

List 5 achievements that came out of the Golden Age of Islam:

1. Art - Drawings and paintings; calligraphy- fancy writing 2. Architecture- Mosques and Palaces 3. Literature and Philosophy- Poetry, Tales, Influenced by Greek, Chinese and Indian culture 4. Mathematics and Science - Developed Algebra; Astronomy-Developed the Circumference of the earth; Medicine- Advanced medical practices 5. Economic Achievements - Trade-established routes which led to advanced business practices; Manufacturing- Regulated prices, weights, measurements, and quality (steel swords, leather and carpets); Agriculture- grew sugarcane, cotton, medicine, herbs, fruits, and vegetables

How were the Muslim scholars influenced by Greek and Indian mathematics?

They expanded the study of mathematics

Spread of Islam



III. The Middle Ages What years are considered the Middle Ages?

1476-1750 CE

feudalism manoralism Catholic Church

How were manors self-sufficient?

Manors consisted of everything needed to sustain life. This included a farm tended to by serfs and landowners that managed the land. The people didn't have to leave because they had what they needed on the manor. This resulted in little cultural diffusion.

What was chivalry?

This was a code of conduct followed by the knights in Feudalism. It consisted of bravery, loyalty and staying true to their word. It also required protection of women.

Who were the serfs?

Bottom of social pyramid, labor group

The Catholic Church was a unifying force in a time

of political instability after the fall of the

Roman Empire.

!

How did the Church assert authority over

rulers?

Roman Catholics believe the Pope is the head of state, so the Pope had more authority over Kings.

! How did feudalism

operate? Exchange of services

POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL



THE CRUSADES

Why are the Crusades considered a successful failure? Explain.

Even though the Christians lost, they still gained new ideas and wealth and cultural diffusion prospered. (Christian perspective, not Muslims)

During what years were the Crusades fought? 1096 -> 1297 CE

!

Causes

1. People wanted to free the Holy Land from the Seljuk control. 2. Many people wanted to get rich and gain new land 3. Pope wanted more control 4. Some people wanted to see new places (serfs) 5. Christians were told their sins would be forgiven if they fought.

Effects

1. Trade increased 2. People of different religions grew to hate each other 3. Pope became more powerful 4. Feudal kings became more powerful 5. Renting land helped to free serfs 6. Europeans became more interested in travel 7. People learned about other cultures


ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

• Islam was spread to North Africa through Military• Joined forces to conquer Spain• Spread to North and

West Africa.

• Gained influence through conquest• Seized control when Europe was weakened• CRUSADES

• Spread through trade• Trade networks were established• Mainly southeast Asia• India- -Conquered Indus river valley-Capital DelhiISLAM SPREAD TO

AFRICA

ASIAEUROPE

•Believe that the caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders•Do not view caliph as religious authority•90% of Population

•Shiite believe that the caliph should only be the descendants of the prophet Muhammad•10% of population

DIFFERENCES

SUNNIS SHIITES



!

!

JapanDescribe Japan’s geography: Japan is an archipelago (chain of Islands) off the coast of Mainland Asia. There are 4 major islands. Japan is part of the ring of fire (high risk of earthquakes and volcanoes). Japan also has many mountains.Impact of geography on the people: Because it is mountainous it is difficult to farm. The rugged terrain also can be a barrier to political unity. The sea is turned to for a food source as well as transportation. Being an island isolated Japan but also serves as protection from Invaders. Japanese also have a deep respect for the forces of nature due to the frequent tidal waves.

Geography

Shintoism • Uniquely Japanese religion that stresses love of nature • Shrines are located in places of natural beauty

Religion

Cultural Diffusion List ways in which Japan was influenced by Korea or China 1. Japan borrowed Chinese writing styles and turned it into a new style2. Zen Buddhism also traveled from China to Korea to Japan3. Confucianism from china impacted Japanese social structure and order. (Family loyalty, honoring parents, respect for education).4. Tea drinking, music, dance, garden design, Buddhist monasteries

Japanese Feudalism




How did the Tokugawa Shogunate isolate Japan from the outside world?

Family that ruled 1603-1867; Didn't allow trade with foreign states

What was Heian Japan?

Last division of classical Japan; Buddhism and Taoism were at their height

• Code of bravery taken by the warrior class (Samurai)• Women had to be strong to give birth to soldiers• Similar to Code of Chivalry

Define Bushido


Compare and Contrast

European Feudalism

• Nobility: Kings, Lords, Lesser Lords • Warriors = Knights • Chilvalry • Manoralism • Serfs = Bottom • Women = Few rights

Japanese Feudalism

• Nobility = Emperor, Shogun • Warriors = samurai • Code of Bushido • Women = More rights

Compare

• Social stratification • Need for stability • Everyone had social role • Increased law and order • Limited mobility (rigid)


Genghis Khan conquered the largest land empire ever in the history of the world in one life time. The Mongols conquered areas of China, Persia and parts of Europe. His armies were made up of skilled horsemen and bowmen. Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis started the Yuan Dynasty in China.

! !

Approximate dates: 1162-1294 CE

The famous Chinese explorer Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia, along the coast of India, around the Arabian Peninsula and to the port cities of East Africa. After his explorations the Chinese decided that no other civilization was as superior as theirs. They decided to isolate themselves and limit foreign contact with other.

Mongol’s lasting effect upon Russia

Who was Genghis Khan? Mongol Ruler• Took much of Asia from Korea, Persia, India and Northern China• Skilled bowmen and horsemen• Advanced military technology• United Nomadic tribes

Who was Kublai Khan? • Defeated Song Dynasty• Religious tolerance towards conquered• Paper money


Tribute to Mongol Empire

Russians turned into serfs and Mongols destroyed Russian economy


Be able to explain the significance of the following people, places or concepts:

1. Hanseatic League:

This was a league formed by Germanic peoples in the 1100s. Monopolised trade in the Baltic Sea; Worked to make trade safe by building lighthouses, controlling piracy and training sailors.

2. Grand Canal:

This was a canal build under the Tang and Song dynasties. This canal connected the Huang He and the Yangzi rivers. It allowed for food from farms in southern China to be sent north.

3. Marco Polo:

He came from Venice and traveled to China in the late 13th century. He wrote about his travels and gave information about where he went. He is significant because he helps historians to better record history.Employed by Kublai Khan.

4. Ibn Battuta:

He was a Moroccan legal scholar who traveled to Mesopotamia, Persia and Africa. Similar to Marco Polo, he wrote about his travels and helped historians.

5. Xuanzang:

Buddhist monk that wrote about interactions between India and China during the Tang Dynasty

6. Toltecs:

Mesoamerican civilization located in Mexico

Traditions and Encounters Various Chapters


7. The significance of bananas in Africa:

Bananas gave a reliable food source to tribes such as the Bantu

8. The significance of the spread of cotton, sugar and citrus throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean basin:

These products stimulated the economy as well as provided food throughout the empire.

9. tributary system:

This is when independent states remain independent under a rule but acknowledge a greater power and pay a tax.

10. Waru waru agriculture:

System of Agriculture created in Mesoamerica before the Encounter

11. Ethiopian Christianity:

Christianity that was spread to Africa by trans-Saharan trade

12. Oligarchy:

Government system of a small governing body

13. Holy Roman Empire:

German Based Catholic Empire; Formed after the fall of Rome in 476


The Bubonic Plague spread everywhere, because of trading and exploration.

!

Population Losses Economic Decline Social and Political Change Confusion and Disorder

• 35 million Chinese died• 7,000 people a day died in Cario• 1/3 of European population died

• Farm and industrial production declined• Prices rose and higher wages were demanded• Peasant revolts• Disrupted trade• Trade cities struggled

• Feudalism declined as peasant revolts weakened landowners • Monarchs gained power• Less people = more $ to go

around

• People questioned their faith and the Church• Turned to magic and witchcraft• Jews were persecuted and killed

Why is the rat the animal chosen to represent the Black Death? They infected people.

BLACKPLAGU

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE

Prentice Hall, 82-83 5 Steps to a 5: Page 146


List two factors that led to the Commercial Revolution

What is a guild?

List three new businesses

1. Partnerships and Joint Stock Companies-Merchants joined together

2. Banking-Money could be stored and exchanged in banks

3. Insurance-Merchants' products were ensures

1. Decline in Feudalism

1.Increase in Capitalism (Supply and demand)

1

2

COMMERICIAL REVOLUTION

LED TO

Rise of towns (Urbanisation)


This is a group of workers that joined together to• Ensure the quality of goods• Provide social services to members • Regulate hours of work and prices of goods • and ensure a supply of new artisans by training young people called apprentices


Global Interactions 1450 - 1750

The Renaissance: A Rebirth of Greek and Roman ideals that focused on human ability,

potential, and achievement

During what years did the Renaissance occur? 1300s-1500s

Who wrote that the end justifies the means? • Machiavelli in the Prince

Who invented the printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg

What are three effects of the printing press? The printing press allowed writings to be mass-produced. This allowed for people to read and interpret things for themselves and allowed for more people to become literate. This led to events such as the Reformation of Christianity and which eventually led to the Protestant branch of Christianity. The printing press revolutionized the way we think today.

List Three Artists

One work for each

List Three Writers

One work for each

1. DaVinci Mona Lisa 1. Castiglione Book of Courtier

2. Michelangelo The Creation 2. Petrarch Love sonnet to Laura

3. Rafael Virgin Mary 3. Machiavelli The Prince

The focus on the individual

Define: humanism



The Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation

1. Martin Luther 2. John Calvin

What was the Counter Reformation? What was its purpose? Catholic response to the Reformation. Purpose: Strengthen the Catholic Church as well as keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism. Wanted to retrieve followers When did the Reformation occur: 1517

When did the Counter Reformation occur: 1545

CAUSES OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Long Term 1. Roman Catholic Church became wordly

2. Humanists urged return to simple religion

3. Strong kings emerged and resented the power of the Church

Short Term 1. Indulgences were sold in Germany

2. Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses

3. Luther translated the Bible into German

4. Printing press helped spread ideas

5. Reformers called for change

The Protestant Reformation had many leaders. Two of the most important were:

Long Term 1. Loss of religious unity in Western Europe

2. Religious wars broke out in Europe for more than 100 years

3. Catholic Reformation took place

4. Inquisition became stronger

5. Many Jews forced into Eastern

Short Term 1. Peasants revolted

2. Lutheran, Calvinist, Angelican, and other protestant churches formed

3. Holy Roman Empire weakened

4. Witch hunts

5. Religious conflicts

EFFECTS OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION


West African Kingdoms(note this chart is includes multiple periodizations)

!

Who was Mansa Musa and what were the major effects of his rule?

Mansa Musa was the King of Mali. He extended the empire and converted to Islam. He made Timbuktu a center of learning and spread Islamic Ideas. Controlled gold and salt trade.

Ghana (800-1000) Mali (1200-1450) Songhai (1450 – 1600)

▪ Controls trade in gold and salt across West Africa.

▪ Women work in business and government.

▪ King has Muslim advisors.

▪ Mali conquers kingdom of Ghana.

▪ Mansa Musa becomes great emperor.

▪ Mali controls gold trade routes.

▪ Timbuktu becomes a great trading city and center of learning.

▪ Songhai grows into largest West African state.

▪ Controls important trade routes.

▪ Emperor sets up Muslim dynasty.

My Hajj is one of the most famous in history.



LATIN AMERICA (Mesoamerica) !

OLMECS MAYAS AZTECS INCAS

WHERE FOUND AND WHEN?

(note this chart is includes multiple periodizations)

• 1200 BC• Gulf of Mexico

• 300- 900 CE• Southern Mexico and Central America

• Late 1200s• North valley of Mexico

• Developed in the Andes mountain region• Modern Day Peru and Bolivia

POLITICAL STRUCTURE

(gov’t)

• Theocracy• Gov. based on religion

• City-States• Social Pyramids• Patriarchal

• Single Emperor• Chosen by nobles and priests• Social pyramids

• Centralised• Emperor• Rulers seen as gods

ROLE OF RELIGION

• Legend of Quetzalcoatl- god who would someday rule his people in peace• Polytheistic

• Polytheistic• Priests

• Priests led rituals• Polytheistic• Pyramids dedicated to gods• Human sacrifices to please gods

• Many gods• Polytheistic• Based on nature • Chief god- sun god

ACHIEVEMENTS

• Lavish Pyramids and temples• Pyramids of the sun and moon

• Calendar • Astronomy• Writing based on pictographs• Value of Zero• Lavish Pyramids and templesPyramids of the sun and moon

• Accurate Calendar• Schools • Kept records• Medicine• Architecture• Engineering• Agriculture

• Terrace Farming• Record Keeping in knot tying- Quipu• Discovered gold silver and copper metallurgy• Trade



CHINA

1. Why did China choose to isolate themselves from trade in 1433?

Zheng He was an explorer that had many voyages for the Ming Empire. He died in 1433. When he died the Ming Ruler banned expeditions because they were too costly. Also, Confucian scholars taught that China was the most advanced civ so isolation would preserve their culture.

2. How did geography contribute to Chinese isolation? Deserts (Gobi), mountains

!

! ! !

List the many ways China had influenced the following areasKOREA WESTERN

EUROPEJAPAN SOUTHEAST

ASIA

• Civil service Exams• Learned Porcelain and then created Celadon (blue-green glaze)• WRITING NOT CONNECTED TO CHINESE

• Traded silk and porcelain • Spread religion• Gunpowder

• Was bridged to China by Korea• Buddhism• Painting influenced by Chinese• Zen-Buddhism- influenced literature art and theater

• Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam• VIETNAM --Confucian civil service exam-Bureaucracy (resembled China)

CHINA IMPACTS THE WEST AND ASIA



Capital City: Istanbul (old name: Constantinople)

Religion: Muslim

Successful because of: Well armed forces and effective military strategies: CANNONS and MUSKETS

Absolute Ruler SULEIMAN: List two accomplishments:

1. Strengthened the government and improved the system of justice2.Modernised the army

How did the Ottomans treat different ethnic and religious groups? How did cultural diversity and nationalism impact the Ottoman Empire?

Small towns called Millets formed. These were groups of different religions that were allowed religious toleration as long as they followed the Islamic Law (Sharia) enforced by the gov. Because of their toleration diverse groups came to the empire where they could worship

How did Europe contribute to Ottoman decline?

Europeans took over trade and overpowered the Ottomans militarily, economically and politically

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

YEARS: 1400s

Define: janissary

Members of an elite force in in the

Ottoman Army

Define: devshrime

Christian boys of the Balkin Peninsula

would be converted to Islam and worked

for the Ottomans in the army.

Prentice Hall 116-118 5 Steps to a 5: 166-167

Height = 1500s

Christians, Muslims, Jews


THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

What were the reasons for European exploration? • Economic- new resources (silk, spices and other luxury items)• GOLD GOD GLORY• Gold- Money• God-Spread religion• Glory- Being famous

• 1st European to reach India by Sea• Landed and traded in Calicut in 1498• Earned large profit• Portuguese• Followed Dias’ route along Africa and traveledacross the Indian Ocean to an Indianport.• Returned w/ Asian spices• Led to Portuguese establishing all-watertrade route to Asia

Three advancements:

1. Printing Press

2. Gunpowder

3. Naval Technology

How they were useful for exploration:

1. Books = readily available; gain easy access to new ideas and info

2. Sturdy cannons (Portuguese); Increase in military tech and warfare

3. Better maps and charts of sea; compass; astrolabe; bigger + better ships

EXPLORERS

Vasco de Gama Christopher Columbus

Ferdinand Magellan

Prentice Hall 119-125 5 Steps to a 5: 141-145

• Sailed for Spain, but he was Italian• Funded by Ferdinand and Isabella• Tried to sail to Asia by Atlantic Ocean• Landed in the Caribbean islands instead (Americas)• 1492• Spain and Portugal later claimed these

islands

• Portuguese mariner sailing for Spain• 1500s• Leader of the first ever Circumnavigation of the

Globe• Claimed Philippines for Spain in 1521


5 Steps to a 5: 152-155, 164-165

How did the colonization of the Americas lead to the spread of smallpox, the measles and influenza? Explain.

The American Explorers who were accustomed to disease in Europe brought over the

diseases to the "New World". Here the inhabitants did not have the immunity to the

diseases so it spread fast and killed many people.

Conquistadors: Who did he conquer? Reasons for Success?

HERNANDO CORTES

• Took over the Aztecs (Mexico)• Made Tenochtitlan the headquarters for New Spain • Resulted in the Spanish gaining much of Mesoamerica, and what is now the U.S southwest including California, and parts of the Gulf Coast

• Disease• Horses• Gunpowder• Rivalry’s (Made alliances with Native

Americans who hated Aztecs)

FRANCISCO PIZARRO

• Destroyed the Inca Empire in Peru(1532)

• Horses • Gunpowder • Stirred up rivalries among native tribes and allied with some against others• Disease (Smallpox and Measles


Land Empires

Geographic Location Significance/Impact

Manchus

-China-Modern Day North East China

• Established the Qing Dynasties (Last imperial dynasty of China 1644-1912

• Increase in population

Mughals

-India -Gunpowder nation-Efficient Bureaucracy-Religious turbulence-Taj Majal-Increase in arts-Outlawed Sati-Centralised gov’t

Traditions and Encounters 5 Steps to a 5: 166-167


!

!

Eurocentrism is the belief that one race is superior to all. The social classes are based on ethnicity showing that being European is better than the other ethnicities. Africans and N.A with no European in them are at the lowest portion of the social class.

LATIN AMERICA

Europeans born in Spain

European descent, born in the colonies

A mix of European and Native American or African

How does the hierarchy reflect eurocentrism?


Peninsulares:


!

Define MERCANTILISM:

• Policy adopted by the Europeans • Exporting more goods than imputing for a profit

!WHAT IS SENT TO THE PARENT COUNTRY? Raw goods

!WHAT IS SENT TO THE COLONY? Manufactured goods for profit

The Columbian ExchangeGoods from the Americas (be specific) Goods from Europe (be specific)

• Maize• Potato• Sweet Potato• Beans• Peanut• Squash• Pumpkin• Tomato• Chili pepper• Avocado• Pineapple• Cocoa• Tobacco• Quinine (Medicine

• Cattle• Goat• Sheeo• Chicken• Smallpox• Measles• Typhus• Wheat• Sugar• Banana• Rice• Grape• Dandelion• Horse • Pig

Prentice Hall, 125 5 Steps to a 5: 174


! !

THE SLAVE TRADE

Prentice Hall, 175-176 Traditions and Encounters

5 Steps to a 5: 178-180

Causes: What did the Europeans need?

• Natural resources • New markets • Bases for trade + navy

ships • Wish to spread

Christianity • New weapons;

medicines • Improved ships

Effects: List two negatives of the slave trade

1. Wars developed in Africa

2. Disrupted social, political, + economic aspect of life in Africa due to severe population decrease

Which country was the last in the Americas to abolish slavery and in what year?

Brazil 1888


!

Monarch Country Facts

Akbar the GreatIndia

Mughal Empire

• Strengthened central gov’t • Modernised army • Increase in trade • Greatest Mughal ruler • Muslim but won support of Hindus through religious toleration

Charles V

1519-1556Spain

• Did not establish an administrative structure because his territory was very large• Much time and effort was spent

stopping Lutheranism from prospering

Philip II

Son of Charles V

1556-1598

Spain

• Believed he ruled by divine right• Expanded his power as well as the power of the Church

The Age of Absolutism

Prentice Hall, 126-130, 146, 152-154

When was the Age of Absolutism?

1550-1800s


Louis XIII France

• Defeated the nobles and the protestants• French army became strongest in Europe

Louis XIV “The Sun King” France

• Expanded the bureaucracy, appointed officials to collect taxes, recruit soldiers, and carried out his rule in the process• Built the lavish, immense Palace of Versailles outside of Paris• Organized a highly disciplined army, the strongest in Europe• Persecuted the Protestant Huguenots, depriving them of many of its most hard-working and prosperous citizens• Left France in debt

Louis XVI France

• Failed to establish the forms of a limited constitutional monarchy

Peter the Great

1682-1725 Czar

Russia

• Westernisation -Tried to make Russia more like western Europe• Reduced power of the nobility • Gained control of the Russian Orthodox Church


Catherine the Great

1762Russia

• Gave more power to the landowners• Gained support of the people

even though she was a woman• Increase in religious tolerance• Enlightenment• Asked for advice of townspeople

and civilians• Increase in education of women

Henry VIII

1509-1547England

• Created the Anglican Branch of Christianity• Had 6 wives• Father of Elizabeth I• Never abandoned Roman

Catholic Church• Humanist

Elizabeth I

1558-1653England

• Golden Age (Elizabethan Age)• Established Protestantism as National Church in England• Endorsed Shakespeare

Suleiman the Magnificent

1520-1566

Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

• Created a rich and powerful empire• Established a law code and

aligned code with Sharia (islamic Law)

• Increase in Turkish realm, literature, art, architecture

• Constantinople -> Istanbul


1) What is the significance of the Glorious Revolution in England:

Transferred power from James II to William and Mary. Ensured Catholicism would not take over (Bloodless)

2) Define Limited Monarchy:

A government in which a legislative body limits the monarchs power

3) What was the Magna Carta?

Ensured Parliament -> limited power of English monarchs; “no taxation without representation”

4) List 5 elements of the English Bill of Rights

• Stated that the king must work regularly with parliament• Stated that the king must give the house of commons financial control• Abolished excessive fines and cruel/ unusual punishment• Affirmed habeas corpus, meaning that no person can be held in jail without first being charged with a crime • Created a limited monarchy

!

1) How did the Renaissance spark the Scientific Revolution?

Spirit of Inquiry

2) Scientists and their accomplishments:

!Copernicus: Challenged belief that Earth was at the center of the universe. Suggested universe was

heliocentric (sun-centered). He said the planets is revolved around the sun (mid 1500s)

!Galileo: Astronomer; furthered heliocentric theory; telescope; contradicted Church teachings and

the world -> Galileo was put on trail

!Newton: Law of gravity

3) How did the Scientific Revolution change the way Europeans looked at the world? People questioned for themselves by establishing new beliefs; Gov’t censorship by Church = banned Enlightenment ideas

The Scientific RevolutionPrentice Hall, 139-143

5 Steps to a 5: 185

When was it?1543-1600s



! How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment? People started forming their own opinions about how life works.

What are natural Rights?

Laws that govern human behavior; Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness

The Enlightenment

Enlightenment Thinker Beliefs

John Locke

• All people possess natural rights• Government should protect rights• People have a right to overthrow the government if it is unfair

Montesquieu

• There should be branches in gov't• Legislative, Judicial, and Executive• Checks and Balances• Separation of power

Voltaire

• Freedom of Speech• Criticised the Catholic church and French gov’t

for failure to permit religious toleration and intellectual freedom

Rousseau

• Perfect society -> people both make and obey the laws

• Good for everyone is better than good for one person

• The Social Contract (book)• People are naturally good, but corrupted by

society

When was it?1600s-1700s



Focus points for essays:

1. Geography 2. River Valleys 3. Belief Systems 4. Classical Civilizations 5. Mesoamerica 6. African Kingdoms 7. Chinese Dynasties 8. Middle Ages 9. Renaissance 10. Crusades 11. Trade 12. Cross-Cultural Interactions 13. Patriarchal Societies 14. Past College Board Essays

Study: the intro cue card, essay guides, essay graphic organizers and rubrics on the website.

GOOD LUCK!

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