8.4 earth’s layers. layers by composition earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined...

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8.4 Earth’s Layers

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Page 1: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

8.4 Earth’s Layers

Page 2: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

Layers by Composition

Earth’s interior consists of three major zones Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. defined by its chemical composition.

CrustCrust

MantleMantle

CoreCore

Page 3: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

Crust

Thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, is divided into Thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, is divided into oceanic & continental crust. oceanic & continental crust.

Oceanic crust is made up of igneous rocks Oceanic crust is made up of igneous rocks basalt and gabbro.basalt and gabbro.

Continental crust is made up of many rock Continental crust is made up of many rock types.types.

Page 4: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

Mantle

Over 82 % of Earth’s volume is contained in Over 82 % of Earth’s volume is contained in the mantlethe mantle

Mantle – a solid, rocky shell that extends to a Mantle – a solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 km.depth of 2890 km.

The boundary between the crust & mantle The boundary between the crust & mantle shows a change in chemical composition.shows a change in chemical composition.

Page 5: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

Core

Sphere composed of an iron-nickel alloy. Sphere composed of an iron-nickel alloy.

Extreme pressure is found here.Extreme pressure is found here.

Page 6: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

Layers by Physical Properties

Earth’s interior gradually increases in temperature, Earth’s interior gradually increases in temperature, pressure, and density with depth.pressure, and density with depth.

Earth is divided into layers based on their physical Earth is divided into layers based on their physical propertiesproperties

LithosphereLithosphere

AsthenosphereAsthenosphere

Outer CoreOuter Core

Inner CoreInner Core

Page 7: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

Lithosphere & Asthenosphere

Lithosphere – Earth’s outermost layer that Lithosphere – Earth’s outermost layer that consists of the crust and uppermost mantle. It consists of the crust and uppermost mantle. It forms a relatively cool, rigid shellforms a relatively cool, rigid shell

Asthenosphere – located below the Asthenosphere – located below the lithosphere. Relatively soft, and weaker layer. lithosphere. Relatively soft, and weaker layer. Warmer than the lithosphereWarmer than the lithosphere

Page 8: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

Lower Mantle

Located near the base of the mantle Located near the base of the mantle

More rigid layerMore rigid layer

Rocks are still very hot and capable of gradual Rocks are still very hot and capable of gradual flowflow

Page 9: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore

Inner & Outer Core

Composed mainly of iron-nickel alloyComposed mainly of iron-nickel alloy

Divided into 2 main regions that both have Divided into 2 main regions that both have different physical propertiesdifferent physical properties

Outer Core- liquid layer; flow of metallic iron in this Outer Core- liquid layer; flow of metallic iron in this zone is what creates the Earth’s magnetic fieldzone is what creates the Earth’s magnetic field

Inner Core- High temperatures; material is Inner Core- High temperatures; material is compressed into a solid state by the high pressurecompressed into a solid state by the high pressure

Page 10: 8.4 Earth’s Layers. Layers by Composition Earth’s interior consists of three major zones defined by its chemical composition. CrustMantleCore