REVIEW # 8 ~ INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

–> NEW IMPERIALISM

Causes Agrarian Revolution =

more food! Population explosion Began in Great Britain

o Land (rivers, island)o Labor (people to

work)o Capital ($ &

investment)

Effects New Social Class

Structure MIDDLE CLASS

Urbanization Bad working conditions Better transportation Higher standard of living Imperialism

Industrial Revolution:

production of goods shifted from using hand tools to

using power-driven machines and from human and animal

power to steam power

Why did the I.R. begin in G.B.?Great Britain had ALL of the FACTORS of

PRODUCTION 1) Land 2)Labor

3)Capital

Competing economic theories

Capitalism(AKA: Market Economy, Free

Market, Private Enterprise)

Economy governed by natural forces of supply and demand

Laissez Faire – government is NOT involved; “Let it be”

Concentrated on interests of individual/ private ownership

Adam Smith - author of Wealth of Nations

Socialism(AKA: Marxism, communism,

state-run)

Farms & businesses belong to all people (not individuals)

Concentrated on the interests of society

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto

history is a class struggle

proletariat (working class) vs. bourgeoisie

wealth & power shared

Industrialization leads to Imperialism

Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country

1800s – early 1900s

Causes of Imperialism Economic

-Need for raw materials-Need new markets

Political-Power and security of

the empire-Nationalism

Social – Western nations believed they were superior to non-Western areas

Social Darwinism: Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest; natural for stronger nations to dominate weaker nations

White Man’s Burden: Rudyard Kipling’s poem “White Man’s Burden”; white imperialists have a moral duty to educate less developed countries

Effects of Imperialism

India Africa• British East India

Company controlled 3/5s of India

• India is the “jewel in the crown” – lots of raw

materials and markets

• Sepoy Mutiny: Hindus and Muslims united

against the British; Britain crushed the revolt and

took direct control of India

• Scramble for Africa

• Berlin Conference (1884): European powers

divide up Africa; don’t consult Africans = conflict

& tribal warfare

• Zulus resist imperialism

• Boer War

Effects of Imperialism China Japan

• Spheres of Influence: areas where outside powers claim

exclusive trade rights

• Opium War: Great Britain vs. China

• Treaty of Nanjing: China open ports to Great Britain for trade

and hand over Hong Kong

• Taiping Rebellion• BOXER REBELLION (ANTI-

WEST)

• Isolation under Tokugawa Shoguns

• Commodore Matthew Perry

• Treaty of Kanagawa: open 2 ports to U.S.

MEIJI Restoration

Modernization& Industrialization

Imperialism Japan becomes world power!