8 6. structure and function of plant organs
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Chapter 6 Grade 8 Even SemesterTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6Structure and
Function of Plant Organs
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Plants Organs
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RootRoot Structure1. Morphology
Devided 2 types;Monocotyledon such as Corn, Sugarcane,
Coconut, their root type are fibrous root.Dicotyledon such as Mango and Chilies,
their root type are tap root.Root can find the water in the soil, with
the protector named Calyptras.
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Fibrous root Tap root
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2. AnatomyRoot divided into 3 parts ;
a. Region of Maturation
b. Region of Elongation
c. Apical Meristem
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Parts of the Root
•Epidermis •Cortex•Endodermis•Stele
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Function of RootThe main function is to absorb water and
minerals which is dissolved inside from the soil
To straighten the plantAs the food storage in certain plants such as:
Cassava, CarrotsAs vegetative reproduction organ, ex. spruceAs respiration organ in Mangrove
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Stem• Stem was from a
part of embryo in the seed.
• Commonly, stem are heading up from the soil to the air.
• As long as their growth period.
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Structure of Stem1. Morphology• Hard• In young stem, there
are some clorophile so they can do the photosynthesis
• There are some small dots in certain parts of stem, called Lenticels
• Monocotyledon and Dicotyl difference in branching of the stem
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Dicotyl stem Monocotyl stem
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2. AnatomyHave similarities with root ;
EpidermisCortexEndodermisStele
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Factors of Differentiation
Dicotyl Stem
Monocotyl Stem
Place of the Veins
In Order Spread
Cambium There is for secondary growing
No
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Function of Stem
• As the way to deliver water, mineral, and photosynthesis results
• As the place to attach the leaves
• As respiration system in Lenticels
• To direct the leaves to light source such as Phototropic activity
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• In certain plants stem used for a special purpose such as:
As the food storage such as Sagoo, Sugarcane
As water storage such as Cactus
As reproduction system such as Tapioca Tree
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Leaves
• Leaves was from a part of embryo in the seed which is cotyledon
• The green color came from the chlorophyll
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Structure of Leaves1. Morphology• Consist of leaf midrib,
petiole, leaf blade• A complete leaf can be
founded in areca nut leaves• There are so many forms of
leaves• Circular• Oval• Shield-Shaped• Ribbon-Shaped
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Anatomy of Leaves• Cuticle Layer• Upper
epidermis• Mesophyll• Vascular
bundles• Lower
epidermis
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Leaf in Photosynthesis Activity• Usually the water was
extracted through 2 ways:• Vaporization through
process of transpiration• Water molecules through
process of • Transpiration through
stomata• Stomata came from Greek
language meaning mouth, stomata is the plural version of stoma
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About Stomata• Usually Stomata was placed
in epidermis layer of leaf wherever lower or upper layer
• Stoma consist 2 closing cells/ guarding cells/ cell protector shape like liver and had many chlorophyll
• There are little amount of closing cells than the total of epidermis cells in the layer
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Function of Leaf• As we know, leaf act
as the place for the Photosynthesis
• The chlorophyll in the leaf was one of the required component for the process of Photosynthesis
• Also as Transpiration and Respiration
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Transpiration• The vaporization of the water
through stomata, cuticle layer, and lenticels
• The truth is, transpiration happen in all parts of the plant, but the biggest transpiration process is in leaf
• Why in leaf? Because leaves layer are the widest surface between the others
• Transpiration in day times are much more through stomata
• In night, through cuticle
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Flower• Flower is a
reproduction organ in the plants generatively in Angiosperm plants
• In Gymnosperm plants, it called strobilus
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Fruits
Parts of Fruit Epicarp as the outer
layer of fruit Mesocarp as middle
layer which is thick part of fruit
Endocarp the inner layer of fruit
Seed as the core of the fruit
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Types of Fruit
• ‘Real Fruit’ such as Papaya, mango, and durian.
• ‘Artificial Fruit’ such as Jackfruit, apple, and pineapples.
• ‘Simple Fruit’ such as tomato and soya bean.
• ‘Double Fruit’ such as Strawberries.
• ‘Compound Fruit’ such as Pineapples.
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Function of Fruit
• As the food storage• To radiate the plants• To attract the bird to eat them along the hard
seed• Then bird’s feces made a new individual seed• Then the seed grow as a new plant
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Seed• Part of the plant made
from the results of fertilization
• Which is placed in the ovaries
• In the ovaries, there are ovules
• In the ovules.. There are also the embryo as the candidate of new individual plant
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