8-2009 the great pyramid

8/14/2019 8-2009 the Great Pyramid

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The Great Pyramid

James L Bradley

August 2009

The main attraction at the Giza Necropolis on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt is the

Great Pyramid (Pyramid of Cheops / Khufus Pyramid) the oldest and largest of

the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis it is the only surviving member of the

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. To this day it has remained and enigma, it is not

a tomb, it doesnt appear to be a monument, yet it was constructed to endure the

ravages of time. All conventional attempts to find a reason for its existence, other

than the simple one of a personal monument to Cheops have failed!


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A number of bizarre and fantastic alternative theories have been proposed and

investigated, with some conclusions bordering on science fiction that discuss strange

and inexplicable forces, observing events that defy the laws of physics and molecular

biology, along with unknown energy fields that have an extraordinary effect on the

human mind. An enigma!

Conventional theory holds to the thought that it was constructed as a tomb for the

4th dynasty Egyptian King Cheops over a twenty-year period finishing around 2560

BCE. It remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years. Its

construction is based on man moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and

lifting them into place, a theory that doesnt sit too well with numerous construction

engineers.

There are some basic truths that exist with the Pyramid that no matter when it was

constructed or how most deal the with math, albeit some of the numbers are simple

anal supplied, there is a group that make little sense and borders on the mysterious

what I intend to do is walk through, not as a mathematical guru but a man in the

street with a simple curiosity and desire how and why these numbers came about. I

will make an attempt at keeping it simple, and yet prove that the civilization that built

this landmark had a pretty good idea what they were doing, and have made an effort

to pass the information to those who followed after, either as an educational tool or a

warning take your pick!

Our enlightenment begins with the Golden Ratio (Golden Mean) a ratio that has

fascinated intellectuals of diverse interests for at least 2,400 years, such as

Pythagoras and Euclid in Greece and the medieval Italian mathematician Leonardo of

Pisa (Fibonacci) and the Renaissance astronomer Johannes Kepler along with Roger

Penrose a leading physicist of Oxford. As you can see, you and I are walking in the

company of some impressive members of our civilization, albeit not the same caliber

were still walking with them. It is more than fair to say that the Golden Ratio has

tickled the brains, in all disciplines of science, like no other number in the history of

mathematics, now that I did not know.

The first written definition of the Golden Ratio was provided by Euclid, a straight

line is said to have been cut in extreme and mean ratio when, as the whole line is to

the greater segment, so is the greater to the less. Make sense, to me as about much

sense as a pink elephant in a department store.


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And what has this to do with the Great Pyramid, well it turns out that its shape

incorporates the

Golden Mean,

The pyramid has a height of square root of PHI (1.272) and remember PHI is equal

to 1.618034 and a base of 2 (1+1, and each triangular face intersects the ground at an

angle of a little less than 52 {arcsin(sqrt (Phi) / Phii}. Further 4/sqrt(PHI)= PI

(approximately) 3.144606 and PI is 3.1415927 a difference of over .003013 close for

stone blocks. Hang in there, now we understand when they say the circumference of a

circle whose radius is the height to the Pyramid is 2 x PI x radius = 2 x 3.1416 x (sqrt (PHI)

or 1.272 = 2 x (4/sqrt(PHI)) x sqrt (PHI) = 2 x 4 = 8 and since the parameter of the base of

the Pyramid is 2+2+2+2 = 8 - The Great Pyramid approximately squares the circle.

Many scholars maintain it was all an accident!

Exterior measurements of the Great Pyramid are today very uncertain, because the

casing of limestone blocks have been removed over the years, local construction practices

and some are even in European museums with most of them are now in Cairo, parts of

dams, bridges and mosques, such as the Sultan Hasan Mosque.

Each side of the Pyramid is about 440 Royal Cubits (a Royal Cubit is 523.5mm or 20.61

inches making each side around 7558.5 or 230.34 meters. The total perimeter of the

base is 3,02210 (using the standard Royal Cubit). Its height (if it had the capstone)


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Analysis of the coffer shows that it was made with a fixed point drill, with a

drilling force of 2 tons

The coffer was sawn out of a block of solid granite, this would have required

bronze saws 8-9 feet with long-sets of teeth made of sapphires, hollowing out theinterior would have required tubular drills of the same material applied with a

tremendous vertical force

It had a swivel door entrance, doors that were only found in two other pyramids,

it is reported that when the pyramid was 1st broken into that the swivel door, over

20 tons, was so well balanced that it could be opened by pushing out from inside

with a minimal force, but when closed was so perfect a fit that it could scarcely

be detected and there was NOT enough crack or crevice around the edges to

gain a grasp from outside

If the height of the pyramid is taken as the RADIUS of a circle, then the

circumference of this circle is the same as the perimeter of the base. To obtain

the measurements, the builder had a knowledge and relationship of PI, and

designed the angle of the Pyramid to be exactly 51 51 14.3

Calendar Year the base side is 9,131 Pyramid Inches or 365.24 Pyramid Cubits,

the number of days in one year, (9131/25 = 365.24), the perimeter of the base

divided by 100 = 365.24. The length of the Antechamber used as the diameter

of a circle produces a circumference of 365.24

It wasnt until the 8th century BCE that parts of our civilization stopped using 360

days for our calendar year so the Pyramid cave builders were a little ahead of

their time

But is this all so much BS, on-line at skeptics world we find the

following:

Papyrus documents and existing cubit measuring rods relate the units of measure

used to specify the plan of the Pyramid, with this it is believed that at construction the

Great Pyramid was 280 Egyptian royal cubit tall (146.6 meters/480 feet and 11.65 inches),

but with erosion and the removal of its topmost stone its current height is 138.8 meters

(455 feet and 4.6 inches) which translates into the capstone being some 7.8 meters (25


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feet and 7 inches) in height. Each base side was 440 royal cubits with each royal cubit

measuring 0.524 meters (20.63 inches) or each side was (440 x 20.63)/12 = 756 feet and

5.12 inches. The entire pyramid covered approximately) 53,000 square meters

(570,487.25 sq feet) taking the above 756 5.12 I get 572,187 square feet or 53,157.9

square meters. Now whether this makes a big difference in the overall scheme of things I

dont know, but it shows how writers round off their numbers to make an article fit their

position/opinion. (?)

In the 14th century (1301 AD) a massive earthquake centered on Ischia Island

(southern Italy) broke loose many of the outer casing stones, some of which measured up

to 2.5 meters thick (8.2 feet) and weighed more than 15 tons (30,000 lbs). The stones

that broke loose were later (1356 AD) carted away by Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din

al-Hasan in order to construct mosques and fortresses in nearby Cairo.

It is known that in modern times that the 1st precision measurements of the wonder

were done by Sir Flinders Petrie in 1880-1882 whereas they were published at The

Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. In his measurement he found the pyramid is oriented 4

minutes west of True North with the 2nd pyramid of the Giza complex similarly oriented, he

also found a different orientation in the core vs the casing by some 193cm +/- 25 cm

(75.98 +/- 9.84). Petries suggestion for the difference (core vs casing) was that during

the construction a re-determination of North was made, as a mistake had been made and

the casing was built with a different orientation. The deviation from the North is based on

the position of the stars Ursae Minoris and Ursae Majoris around 3,000 years ago, this

determination takes into account the precession of the axis of the Earth. Kate Spence

(Egyptologist) has shown how the changes in orientation of eight pyramids corresponds

with the changes of position of those stars through time therefore it has been

determined that start of the construction to be around 2467 BCE, or 4,467 years ago.

Over 1,500 years before King Solomon built his first temple.

But what of the other stars, whereas it is said that the Descending Passage pointedto the pole star Alpha Draconis (pole star around 2170 to 2144 BCE), called the North

Star at this time. The 344 foot length of the passage provides an angle of view of only +/-

1/3 of a degree, Alpha Draconis has not been in alignment for thousands of years the

Next Star that will precisely alignment will be Polaris around 2004 (five years ago), in

Greek Polaris is Satan.


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The southern shaft in the Kings Chamber [45 00 00] pointed to the star Al

Nitak (Zeta Orionis) in the constellation Orion around 2450 BCE, Orion constellation was

associated with the Egyptian god Osiris. The northern shaft in the Kings Chamber [32

28 00] pointed to the star Alpha Draconis around 2450 BCE.

The southern shaft in the Queens Chamber [39 30 00] pointed to the star

Sirius, 2450 BCE. The northern shaft in the Queens Chamber [39 00 00] pointed at

Ursa Minor.

Now for reasons unknown, the Pyramid

complex seems to mirror the Orion

Constellation, whereas the pyramid

positions on the ground reflect the positions

of the stars in the Orion Constellation some

10,400 BCE, 5 of the 7 brightest stars have

pyramid equivalents. The three (3) great

pyramids of Khufu, Khafra, and Menkaura for

the Belt of Orion, the pyramid of Nebka at

Abu Rawash corresponds to the star Saiph,

and the pyramid at Zawat al Aryan

corresponds to the star Bellatrix, there are two missing star positions for

Betelgeuse & Rigel. You tell me!

Albeit the accuracy of the construction has never been questioned as has the

workmanship, which demonstrates that the four sides of the base have a mean error of

only 58mm (2.28 inches) and 1 minute in angle from a perfect square, the base is

horizontal and flat to within 15mm (0.59 inch), most impressive to me the sides of the

square are aligned to the four cardinal points of the compass, to within 3 minutes of arc

and they are based on True North, not magnetic north. Workmanship, the casing stones

of the Great Pyramid and Khafres Pyramid next to it were cut to such optical precision asto only be off a true plane over the entire surface by 0.55 mm (0.022 inches) and were

fitted together so perfectly that the tip of a knife cannot be inserted between the joints

even today.

With a total estimated weight of 5.9 million tons and an estimated volume of 2.6

million cubic meters (91.82 million cubic feet) it was constructed of cut and dressed blocks


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of limestone, basalt or granite. The core was made mainly of rough blocks of low-

quality limestone taken from a quarry located a short distance away, these blocks

weighed from 2 to 4 tons on average, and estimated 2.4 million blocks were used. The

casing used for the outer covering were of higher-quality limestone, some blocks weighing

up to 15 tons, this limestone came from Tura, about 14 km (7.6 miles) distant on the

other side of the Nile. The granite used for the Kings Chamber was quarried at Aswan,

some 800 km (432 miles) distant.

It is the largest Pyramid in Egypt and the tallest in the world, and is only surpassed in

volume by the Great Pyramid of Cholula in Puebla, Mexico which is lower in height!

The passages inside are extremely straight and precise, such that the longest one

(descending passage) at 107 meters long (351) deviates from being truly straight by less

than 6mm (0.24 inch) and one of the shorter passages at 15 meters (50 feet) deviates by

only 0.5 mm (0.02 inches), not bad for a construction project started over 4,000 years ago.

Found within this item of perfect form is some graffiti, the most famous one being

year 17 of Khufus reign, some maintain it was written on a block before it was placed

while others have said some prankster later in history wrote it a hotly debated inscription

even to this day, as it seems to reaffirm the date of the construction. Another inscription

reads, the friends of Khufu, it is assumed it refers to one of the gangs of workers.

Although the graffiti does not offer indisputable proof that Khufu originated theconstruction, the graffiti is the only writing found within the Great Pyramid which leads

many to believe it was either part of the construction or at least sometime later if any

repair had been made the 2nd reason I find doubtful in that over the span of history there

cannot be found any evidence of repair to this huge structure.

On the other side of the globe the ancient Maya people believed that the Universe

had been renewed four previous times, each a prior attempt of improving upon human

creation, sadly each previous civilization had been destroyed by a different catastrophe.

The present astronomically-based Mayan calendar will be completing its first great cycle

in approximately 5,200 years on December 21st, 2012 although we have no substantial

evidence that the ancient Maya considered the date of any great importance, many have

postulated that this date will be the end of the Universe, from the Mayans view, while

others believe that the Mayans meant this date to symbolize the coming of great


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change, or it could simply mean they needed to start a new calendar, like we do on New

Years Day!

Why 12-21-2012? Eric S Thompson determined that 0.0.0.0.0 corresponded to the

Julian date of 584283, which translated to our Gregorian calendar is Aug 11 th, 3133

BCE, and that adding the 5125 years gives us an end-date of 13.0.0.0.0 or Dec 21 st, 2012.

Terence McKenna suggests that the position of the winter solstice sun within 3 of the

Galactic Center in the year 2012 [a once-in-a-precessional-cycle event] and that it may

provide the eschatological end-point for his theory of time known as Timewave and

Zero, whatever that means.

What about the Egyptians? It is noted that 12,500 as indicated by the Great Pyramid

was an era that early Egyptians were especially interested in the date I guess by the

placement of the Pyramid threesome lining up with Orion some 10,500 years ago as the

air shafts were sight tubes aligned with the stars of Orions Belt, and were guessing that

the Great Pyramid is a precessional star-clock, one big leap for me to make but some

have made it!

Heading back to Mexico the Pyramid of the Sun, said to have been built by the

Toltec civilization in the Valley of Mexico somewhere around 300 - 100 BCE, referring to

the age of Pisces. The location, at its height had a supposed population of over 125,000

interestingly its rise was in lockstep with the classical Romans who were constructingtheir grand monuments around the Mediterranean and in step with the cultures in

Mexicos Yucatan Peninsula, Oaxaca and Puebla, Although the Toltecs are generally

credited with constructing the Pyramid of the Sun, which by the way was aligned to

coincide with two days, the 19th of May and the 25th of July, days when the Sun is directly

overhead at noon, it is believed they were influenced by the Olmec people, who are

considered the mother civilization of Mesoamerica, you probably know them for their

giant heads with Negroid features.

During the 1970s civil engineer Hugh Harleston Jr made over 9,000 measurements

of the Pyramid of the Suns complex, his conclusions? He figured that the entire complex

was a precise scale-model of the solar system. He calculated that if the center line of the

Temple of Quetzalcoatl is taken as the position of the Sun, markers laid out towards the

north from it along the axis of the Avenue appear to indicate the correct orbital distance of

the inner planets with the asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn (Sun Pyramid), Uranus (Moon


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Pyramid) and Neptune and Pluto (represented by two mounds further north). The grand

buildings of Teotihuacan are laid out in accordance with celestial movements. The front

wall of the Pyramid of the Sun is exactly perpendicular to the point on the horizon

where the Sun sets at the equinoxes (twice annually). The remaining ceremonial

buildings are laid out at right-angles to the Pyramid of the Sun.

According to his findings the site was constructed to a system of measurements he

named the STU, Standard Teotihuacan Unit, which equals 1.0594 meters (3.4757 feet),

whereas the STU fits into the length of a side of the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of

the Moon, and into the distance between the two pyramids. He also named this unit

of measure the Hunab after the Aztec God of Measure (Hunab Ku), in addition one STU

is the approximate width of the Stonehenge Lintels and to the Jewish Rod (3.4757485

feet).

The Internet today has its advantages, in going to the Stonehenge site I found that

each Lintel is around 3.2 meters (106) long, 1 meter (33) wide and 0.8 meters

(27.5) thick and rest on top of the stones at 4.9 meters (160.9) above the ground the

width is certainly approximate at 33 vs the STU is 36.

I mention Precession as I wander about in

this article, precession means a couple of things,

mainly it deals with the positions of the south andnorth celestial poles as they move in circles

against a space-fixed backdrop of the stars,

completing a full circle every 25,771.5 years

(recalculated in 2000) this means (to us) that

the star Polaris is approximately at the north

celestial pole, a condition that will change over time. As the poles spin we from a fixed

point on earth perceive a changing of the stars, as the constellation Orion no longer lines

up with the Giza pyramid complex (viewing ports). Simple.

And Yet, not so simple. Fortunately or unfortunately modern scholarship is bases to a

large degree, among the historians of science, is that civilization has progressed in a

Darwinian model, in other words from a lesser to greater degree of sophistication.

Whereas the progression believes that no primitive culture could know and understand

things that modern man does not. Following this line of reasoning, most scholars today


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ignore any deviation from the norm, in fear of being ridiculed and banned from legitimate

science hence immense volumes that have been composed in hopes of expanding our

knowledge of primitive man are ignored and labeled as myth. On the other side of the

fence, scholars remark, for all you know they (ancient civilizations) may be the

degenerate numbers of higher cultures that decayed when human leadership moved in

the wake of the Ice.

Consider, it was not too long ago that modern man thought that Greece was the

unique cradle of Western Science, whereas today these same modern scholars know that

Pythagoras, Plato and other influential Greek thinkers obtained their knowledge from

dying Egyptian Mystery Schools, whose knowledge went back millennia the cosmological

and philosophical insight taught by the Mystery Schools inspired the scientific brilliance of

Greece, Byzantium and Islam.

Well here we are, all that has been written about our ancient societies, as you see

has been based on some pretty broad assumptions where modern man is shooting in

the dark when we describe what we believed happened some 7,000 to 15,000 years ago.

Ten people witness an accident in downtown America, how will their descriptions of that

event post?

The material data collected from archaeological digs paint a pretty shabby picture of

Neolithic life an assertion that any gaudy museum show will demonstrate. It is morethan difficult to reconstruct the perceptions, myths, and intellectual life of these far-off

people in the past. We know that humans have, basically, remained unchanged for at

least 40,000 years, how is it the mainstream academia can say with a straight face that

our ancestors did not understand precession. We look at our own difficulty in

understanding the event, but our esteemed scholars understand it perfectly, so in

believing that ancient society couldnt have understood the concept of the Wheel of

Time is lumping into one bag the belief that all men/women of the ancient age were of

the same intellect.

If we can admit that some of our remote ancestors were intelligent enough to

conceive of the complex doctrine of World Ages, our scholars of today might be smart

enough to let-go of destructive tendencies and move into a healthier era you think!

8-2009 the great pyramid

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