Author : Khairi

NUCLEAR FISSION

A process of splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei

The heavy nucleus is bombarded by a neutron

At end of the process,it produces ;

Two new nuclei Three neutrons Nuclear energy

Author : Khairi

Uranium-235

neutron

NUCLEAR FISSION

Author : Khairi

NUCLEAR FISSION

Author : Khairi

2 new nuclei,3 neutrons and energy produced

NUCLEAR FISSION

Author : Khairi

neutron

Uranium-235

Krypton-92

Barium-141

neutron

neutron

neutron

NUCLEAR FISSION

Author : Khairi

NUCLEAR FISSION EQUATION

U23592 Kr92

36Ba14156n1

0+ + + n1

03 + energy

EXERCISE

Calculate the nuclear energy produced in the nuclear fissionabove in Joule and eV.

2.69 x 10-11 J

Uranium-235 = 235.04 a.m.uKrypton-92 = 91.93 a.m.uBarium-141 = 140.91 a.m.uNeutron = 1.01 a.m.u

NUCLEAR FISSION

Author : Khairi

Mass defect = mass before – mass after

= [235.04 + 1.01] – [140.91 + 91.93 + 3(1.01)]

= 0.18 a.m.u

= 0.18 x 1.66 x 10-27 kg

= 2.988 x 10-28 kgE = mc2

= 2.988 x 10-28 x (3.0 x 108)2

= 2.69 x 10-11 J

NUCLEAR FISSION

= 1.68 x 108 eV

U23592 Kr92

36Ba14156n1

0+ + + n1

03 + energy

NUCLEAR FISSION EQUATION

Author : Khairi

CHAIN REACTION

A chain reaction occurs when a further nuclear fission is continuously occurred.

This is happen when the neutron which is produced in earliernuclear fission bombarding the new nuclei.

Again,the process will produce 2 new nuclei,3 neutron and nuclearenergy.

Chain reaction only can happen when the mass of uranium isexceeded the critical mass.

NUCLEAR FISSION

Author : Khairi

neutron

NUCLEAR FISSION

CHAIN REACTION

Author : Khairi

neutron

NUCLEAR FISSION

CHAIN REACTION

Author : Khairi

In the fission reaction for an atom of uranium-235,the energyproduced is 2.9 x 10-11 J.What is the total loss of mass in the reaction ?

A. 3.22 x 10-28 kg

B. 9.67 x 10-20 kg

C. 2.61 x 106 kg

D. 1.03 x 1019 kg

E = mc2

2.9 x 10-11 = m x (3 x 108)2

m = 3.22 x 10-28 kg

PAST YEARS QUESTIONPAST YEARS QUESTION

Author : Khairi

a. What is meant by nuclear fission ?

A process of splitting a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei

b. What is meant by nuclear fusion ?

A process of combining two heavy nuclei to form a heavier nucleus

PAST YEARS QUESTIONPAST YEARS QUESTION

Author : Khairi

c. Using the information in the table,compare the nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.Hence state the relationship between mass and energy evolved.

1. Nuclear fission is a process of splitting a heavy nucleus to lighter nuclei while nuclear fusion is a process of combining light nuclei to heavier nucleus

2. Both reactions release nuclear energy

3. Nuclear energy released due to mass loss

PAST YEARS QUESTIONPAST YEARS QUESTION

Author : Khairi

Describe how the chain reaction happens in a nuclear fission of an atom of uranium.

neutron

Heavy nucleus

3 neutrons

Light nucleus

Heavy nucleus

Heavy nucleus is bombarded by neutron

Two lighter nuclei and three neutron are produced

Neutron continue to hit the new nuclei and produce twolighter nuclei and three neutron

PAST YEARS QUESTIONPAST YEARS QUESTION