7245477 basic networking
TRANSCRIPT
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Basic Networking &Hardware
Vineeth Kumar.M,M.S.,MCSA, CCNA, CSPFA, CH
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Agenda
Basic LAN Definition
Network Hardware
Network Media
Sample LAN Implementation
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!ANs
Definition LAN "Local Area Network"
Is a group of computers and associated devices tat sare a
common communications line or wireless link and t!picall! sarete resources of a single processor or server witin a small
geograpic area for e#ample$ witin an office %uilding&'
(suall!$ te server as applications and data storage tat are
sared in common %! multiple computer users'
A Local Area Network ma! serve as few as two or tree usersfor e#ample$ in a ome network& or man! as tousands of users'
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!ANs
Definition )ireless LAN A Local Area Network tat transmits over te air t!picall! in an
unlicensed fre*uenc! suc as te +',-H. %and' A wireless LAN does not re*uire lining up devices for line of sigt
transmission' )ireless Access /oints Base Stations& are connected to an
0ternet u% or server and transmit a radio fre*uenc! over anarea of several undred to a tousand feet wic can penetratewalls and oter non1metal %arriers'
2oaming users can %e anded off from one access point toanoter like a cellular pone s!stem'
Laptops use wireless network cards tat plug into an e#isting/3M3IA slot or tat are self contained on /3 cards$ wile stand1alone desktops and servers use plug1in cards ISA$ /3I$ etc'&'
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!ANs
3aracteristics LAN 4opolog! 4e geometric arrangement of devices on te network or
te sape of a local1area network LAN& or otercommunications s!stem'
/rotocols 4e rules and encoding specifications for sending data'
4e protocol defines te format and meaning of te data tat
is e#canged' 4e protocols also determine weter tenetwork uses a peer1to1peer or client5server arcitecture'
Media Devices can %e connected %! twisted1pair wire$ coa#ial ca%les$
or fi%er optic ca%les' Some networks do witout connectingmedia altogeter$ communicating instead via radio waves'
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!ANs
4opolog! t!pes
Bus 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to a central ca%le$ called te
%us or %ack%one' Bus networks are relativel! ine#pensive and eas! to
install for small networks' 0ternet s!stems use a %us topolog!' Star 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to a central u%' Star networks
are relativel! eas! to install and manage$ %ut %ottlenecks can occur%ecause all data must pass troug te u%' 4is is not muc of apro%lem an!more wit te widespread deplo!ment of switces'
2ing 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to one anoter in te sape of
a closed loop$ so tat eac device is connected directl! to two oter
devices$ one on eiter side of it' 2ing topologies are relativel! e#pensive
and difficult to install$ %ut te! offer ig %andwidt and can span large
distances'
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Network Hardware
Hu% An unintelligent network device tat sends one
signal to all of te stations connected to it' All computers5devices are competing for
attention %ecause it takes te data tat comes
into a port and sends it out all te oter ports inte u%' 4raditionall!$ u%s are used for star topolog!
networks$ %ut te! are often used wit oterconfigurations to make it eas! to add andremove computers witout %ringing down tenetwork'
2esides on La!er 7 of te 8SI model
9 Application
: /resentation
; Session
, 4ransport
< Network
+ Data Link
7 /!sical
"S# Mode$ !a%ers
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Network Hardware
Switc Split large networks into small segments$
decreasing te num%er of users saring tesame network resources and %andwidt'
(nderstands wen two devices want to talk to
eac oter$ and gives tem a switchedconnection Helps prevent data collisions and reduces
network congestion$ increasing networkperformance'
Most ome users get ver! little$ if an!$advantage from switces$ even wen saring a
%road%and connection' 2esides on La!er + of te 8SI model'
9 Application
: /resentation
; Session
, 4ransport
< Network
+ Data Link
7 /!sical
"S# Mode$ !a%ers
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Network Hardware
Bridge 3onnects two LANs and forwards or filters data
packets %etween tem' 3reates an e#tended network in wic an! two
workstations on te linked LANs can sare
data' 4ransparent to protocols and to iger level
devices like routers' =orward data depending on te Hardware
MA3& address$ not te Network address I/&' 2esides on La!er + of te 8SI model'
9 Application
: /resentation
; Session
, 4ransport
< Network
+ Data Link
7 /!sical
"S# Mode$ !a%ers
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Network Hardware
2epeater (sed to %oost te signal %etween two ca%le
segments or wireless access points'
3an not connect different network arcitecture'
Does not simpl! amplif! te signal$ itregenerates te packets and retimes tem'
2esides on La!er 7 of te 8SI model'
9 Application
: /resentation
; Session
, 4ransport
< Network
+ Data Link
7 /!sical
"S# Mode$ !a%ers
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Network Hardware
2outer A device tat connects an! num%er of LANs'
(ses standardi.ed protocols to move packets
efficientl! to teir destination'
More sopisticated tan %ridges$ connecting
networks of different t!pes for e#ample$ star
and token ring&
=orwards data depending on te Network
address I/&$ not te Hardware MA3& address'
2outers are te onl! one of tese four devicestat will allow !ou to sare a single I/ address
among multiple network clients'
2esides on La!er < of te 8SI model'
9 Application
: /resentation
; Session
, 4ransport
< Network
+ Data Link
7 /!sical
"S# Mode$ !a%ers
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Network Hardware
Additional Network Hardware Devices Network Interface 3ards NI3s&
/uts te data into packets and transmits packet onto te network'
Ma! %e wired or wireless'
-atewa!
3onnects networks wit different protocols like 43/5I/ network and I/>5S/>
networks' 2outers and -atewa!s often refer to te same device'
/ro#! server
Isolates internal network computers from te internet' 4e user first access te pro#! server and te pro#! server accesses te internet
and retrieves te re*uested we% page or document' 4e user ten gets a cop! o
tat page from te pro#! server'
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Common Network Media?0lectrical copper&
?3oa#ial 3a%le?Single copper conductor in te center surrounded %! a plastic la!er for
insulation and a %raided metal outer sield'
?4wisted pair?=our pairs of wires twisted to certain specifications'?Availa%le in sielded and unsielded versions'
?=i%er1optic1 A ca%le$ consisting of a center glass core surrounded %! la!ers ofplastic$ tat transmits data using ligt rater tan electricit!'
?Atmospere5)ireless (ses 0lectromagnetic waves' wose fre*uenc!range is a%ove tat of microwaves$ %ut %elow tat of te visi%le spectrum'
?3oose Media %ased on 6?)iring configurations?Distance and location limitations?Speed?2elia%ilit!?Securit!?Budget
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Coer ' (wisted Pair
)ia$u o*er te$ehone $ine. )S! +)igita$ Suscrier !ine-
Hig1speed +;: @%ps ;; M%ps&$ =ull1duple#' As!mmetric Digital Su%scri%er Line ADSL& and
Hig1%it1rate Digital Su%scri%er Line HDSL&
CA( 0ternet ca%le standard defined %! te 0lectronic
Industries Association and 4elecommunicationsIndustr! Association 0IA54IA&'
Speeds up to 7 M%ps'
3onnector 21,; 1 Standard connectors used for unsielded
twisted1pair ca%le'
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thernet Seci/ications 01Base(
0ternet specification for unsielded twisted pair ca%le categor!
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?Infrared ligt is transmitted troug fi%er and confined
due to total internal reflection'
?=i%ers can %e made out of eiter plastic or glass'
?(sed for ig speed %ack%ones and pipes over long
distances'?3omparativel! e#pensive'
8ptical =i%er
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3ire$ess Media
?)ireless LAN or )LAN?)ireless local area network tat uses radio
waves as its carrier
?)i1=i ")ireless =idelit!C&?A set of standards for )LANs %ased on
I000 +'77
?)i1Ma#? 0merging tecnolog! tat can cover
ranges up to 7 miles or more
?Satellite5Microwave? Hig speed media used for longer
distances and remote locations
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Sam$e !AN #m$ementationHome Con/iguration
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Sam$e !AN #m$ementationBusiness Con/iguration
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Sam$e !AN #m$ementationBusiness Con/iguration
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Euestion F Answers
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C4(#F#CA(#"N !"5"S
CCNA MCP
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MCSA MCS