7.2 dominance & blood type. lesson objectives students will be able to: explain the difference...
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7.2 DOMINANCE & BLOOD TYPE
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Lesson Objectives
Students will be able to: Explain the difference between complete
dominance, incomplete dominance and codominance Demonstrate ability when completing genetics
problems Give the genotype of the ABO blood types
Demonstrate ability when completing genetics problems
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Dominance
Alleles of different genes have different relationships
What we’ve seen before… A “dominates” a AA has same phenotype as Aa
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Complete Dominance
One trait is completely dominant over another Dominant allele is completely dominant
over recessive allele RR and Rr have the same phenotype R=red, r=white
RR Rr rr
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Incomplete Dominance
Heterozygotes have an intermediate phenotype Mixture of dominant and recessive phenotype
Different notation for alleles: Same letter, but subscripts identify alleles
R1=red, R2=white R1R1 = red R2R2= white R1R2 = pink
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Codominance
Both phenotypes are equally represented in the heterozygote
Notation change: Same letter, but subscripts identify alleles
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Codominance
Example: Flower color Base letter: F (flower)
F1 = red F2 = white
Genotypes & Phenotypes: F1F1 = red F2F2 = white F1F2 = red and white
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Multiple Alleles
Each individual can only have two alleles per gene Because two homologous chromosomes
Some genes have more than two possible alleles Three or more possible phenotypes
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Multiple Alleles – Blood Type Red blood cells have proteins on their
surface Alleles: IA, IB and i
IA allele: A protein on RBC surface IB allele: B protein on RBC surface i allele: no proteins on RBC
IA and IB are codominant Both completely dominant to i
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Multiple Alleles – Blood Type Possible genotypes & phenotypes:
A blood type - IAIA
A blood type - IAi B blood type - IBIB
B blood type - IBi AB blood type – IAIB
O blood type - ii
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Multiple Allele Problems
Wife with O blood and husband with AB blood; what are possible genotypes of children?
Father = A blood, mother = B blood, one child has O blood, what are the parents’ genotypes?