77thth Grade Grade Spring Spring

Semester Final Semester Final ReviewReview

Questions by: T. ShorterQuestions by: T. Shorter

Power point by: K. PeasePower point by: K. Pease

1. Gregor Medal studied pea 1. Gregor Medal studied pea plants in his garden during the plants in his garden during the

1800’s. He is know as the 1800’s. He is know as the Father of____________.Father of____________.

GeneticsGenetics

http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm

2. Draw a circle around all 2. Draw a circle around all of the heterozygous of the heterozygous

genotypes above.genotypes above. CcCc GgGg QqQq DdDd VvVv YyYy JjJj

Organisms have two alleles for each trait. When the alleles of a pair are heterozygous, one is dominant and the other is recessive.

3. Draw a square around all 3. Draw a square around all of the homozygous of the homozygous genotypes above.genotypes above.

TTTT zzzz bbbb NNNN HHHH xxxx eeee

The gene for seed shape in pea

plants exists in two forms, one

form or allele for round seed

shape (R) and the other for

wrinkled seed shape (r). A

homozygous plant would

contain the following alleles for

seed shape: (RR) or (rr).

4. Explain the difference 4. Explain the difference between dominant and between dominant and

recessive traits.recessive traits. If a dominant and a recessive gene If a dominant and a recessive gene

appear together (the heterozygous appear together (the heterozygous condition), the dominant will always condition), the dominant will always win, producing the trait it is coded win, producing the trait it is coded for. The only time a recessive trait for. The only time a recessive trait (such as the one for blond hair) (such as the one for blond hair) expresses itself is when two expresses itself is when two recessive genes are presentrecessive genes are present

http://science.jrank.org/pages/2988/Genetics-Dominant-recessive-traits.html

5. A cross between a green 5. A cross between a green eyes person and a blue eyes eyes person and a blue eyes

person produces four blue eyes person produces four blue eyes children. children.

What is most likely the What is most likely the dominant color?dominant color?

6. Capital letters represent 6. Capital letters represent ______ alleles in a genetic ______ alleles in a genetic

cross.cross. DominantDominant

7.Lowercase letters 7.Lowercase letters represent ______alleles in a represent ______alleles in a

genetic code.genetic code.RecessiveRecessive

8.Describe the difference 8.Describe the difference between phenotype and between phenotype and

genotype.genotype. Phenotype = physical Phenotype = physical

appearanceappearance Genotype = genetic traitsGenotype = genetic traits

9. A cross between a green 9. A cross between a green eyed person and a blue eyed eyed person and a blue eyed person produces four blue person produces four blue eyed children. What is the eyed children. What is the most likely the dominant most likely the dominant color?color?

BlueBlue

10. Name the type of 10. Name the type of reproduction (asexual or reproduction (asexual or

sexual) seen in each of the sexual) seen in each of the pictures below.pictures below.

11. Another term for 11. Another term for heterozygous is heterozygous is _________________._________________.

HybridHybrid

12. Another term for 12. Another term for homozygous is homozygous is _______________._______________.

PurebredPurebred

13. Asexual Reproduction 13. Asexual Reproduction involves ______________ parent involves ______________ parent

and results is ____________ and results is ____________ offspring.offspring.

One parentOne parentIdentical offspringIdentical offspring

14. Sexual reproduction 14. Sexual reproduction involves ___________ parents and involves ___________ parents and

results in _____________ results in _____________ offspring.offspring.

Two parentsTwo parentsGenetically diverseGenetically diverse

15. The ______ is an organ in 15. The ______ is an organ in the male reproductive system the male reproductive system that produces gametes (sex that produces gametes (sex

cells) call ____________.cells) call ____________.

TestisTestisSpermSperm

16. The _______ is an organ in 16. The _______ is an organ in the female reproductive the female reproductive

system that produces gametes system that produces gametes (sex cells) called ____________.(sex cells) called ____________.

OvariesOvariesEggsEggs

17. ______ fertilization is a type 17. ______ fertilization is a type or reproduction where eggs or reproduction where eggs cells are fertilized by sperm cells are fertilized by sperm

outside of the body.outside of the body.

External FertilizationExternal Fertilization

18. In humans the ________ pair 18. In humans the ________ pair of chromosomes determines of chromosomes determines

the sex of the offspring.the sex of the offspring.

2323rdrd pair pair

19. Identify the following 19. Identify the following traits as inherited or traits as inherited or

acquired.acquired. Nose Shape = inheritedNose Shape = inherited Hair color = inheritedHair color = inherited Eye color = inheritedEye color = inherited Personality = inheritedPersonality = inherited Scar on Arm = acquiredScar on Arm = acquired Skin color = inheritedSkin color = inherited Attitude = acquiredAttitude = acquired Curly hair = inheritedCurly hair = inherited

20. Describe the difference 20. Describe the difference between heterozygous and between heterozygous and homozygous and give an homozygous and give an

example of both.example of both.Homozygous means having identical alleles for a single trait

Heterozygous. Two different genes controlling a specified inherited trait

21.If brown eyes are dominant, 21.If brown eyes are dominant, draw a punnet square to show draw a punnet square to show how two brown-eyed parents how two brown-eyed parents can have a child with blue can have a child with blue

eyes. Include genotype and eyes. Include genotype and phenotype. phenotype.

B = Dominant for B = Dominant for BrownBrown

b = Recessive for Blueb = Recessive for Blue

25% BB 50%Bb 25%bb25% BB 50%Bb 25%bb 75% Brown 25% Blue75% Brown 25% Blue

22. Complete the 22. Complete the following:following:

23. Observe the length of the 23. Observe the length of the tree’s shadow in each of the tree’s shadow in each of the pictures below. Label each pictures below. Label each picture as depicting either picture as depicting either sunrise, mid day or sunset.sunrise, mid day or sunset.

24. Label the season the 24. Label the season the Northern Hemisphere would Northern Hemisphere would

be experiencing in positions A-be experiencing in positions A-D below.D below.

A=summerA=summer B=fallB=fall C=winterC=winter D=springD=spring

25. Label the phases of the 25. Label the phases of the moon that would be seen from moon that would be seen from

earth in positions A-Dearth in positions A-D

26. What causes the 26. What causes the changing of seasons on changing of seasons on

earth?earth?While the amount of While the amount of

heat coming from the heat coming from the sun stays the same, it sun stays the same, it is spread over a larger is spread over a larger area during the winter area during the winter than during the than during the summer. This is due to summer. This is due to the earth’s tilt.the earth’s tilt. http://christiananswers.net/kids/edn-seasons.html

27. Which direction does 27. Which direction does the earth spin on its axis?the earth spin on its axis?

When viewed from the 'top' or When viewed from the 'top' or the 'north pole' of the Sun, the the 'north pole' of the Sun, the Earth revolves COUNTER-Earth revolves COUNTER-CLOCKWISE. CLOCKWISE.

Also, when viewed from above Also, when viewed from above it's own North Pole, the Earth it's own North Pole, the Earth rotates counter-clockwise, as rotates counter-clockwise, as well. well.

28.What is a renewable 28.What is a renewable resource? List 3 examplesresource? List 3 examples

A natural resource is a A natural resource is a renewable renewable resourceresource if it is replaced by if it is replaced by natural processes at a rate natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans. of consumption by humans.

Solar radiation,Solar radiation, tides,tides, winds winds hydroelectricity are hydroelectricity are perpetual perpetual

resourcesresources that are in no danger of that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability. a lack of long-term availability.

29. What is a non-29. What is a non-renewable resource? Give 3 renewable resource? Give 3

examplesexamples Natural Natural resourceresource, ,

such as coal, oil, or such as coal, oil, or natural gas, that takes natural gas, that takes millions of years to millions of years to form naturally and form naturally and therefore cannot be therefore cannot be replaced once it is replaced once it is consumed; consumed;

30. What is am 30. What is am inexhaustible resource? List inexhaustible resource? List

3 examples3 examples InexhaustibleInexhaustible resourcesresources

are are resourcesresources that will never that will never run out. Examples: Wind, run out. Examples: Wind, sun, tides, solar energy, sun, tides, solar energy, geothermal energygeothermal energy. .

31.List the produces:31.List the produces:

PlantsPlants

Producers

32. List the 32. List the decomposers:decomposers:

EarthwormsEarthworms

33. List the consumers:33. List the consumers:

AntAntSnakeSnakeLizardLizardHawkHawkCoyoteCoyote

34. List the carnivores:34. List the carnivores:

HawkHawk CoyoteCoyote LizardsLizards SnakeSnake

35. List the herbivores:35. List the herbivores:

AntsAnts

36. Is this an example of 36. Is this an example of Primary or Secondary Primary or Secondary

succession? Why?succession? Why?Primary SuccessionPrimary Succession

37.What are pioneer 37.What are pioneer species? List two examplesspecies? List two examples

PioneerPioneer speciesspecies are are speciesspecies which colonize which colonize previously uncolonized previously uncolonized land, usually leading to land, usually leading to ecological succession.ecological succession.

39.Circle the organisms which 39.Circle the organisms which contain the most stored energy contain the most stored energy

from the sun?from the sun?

Algae (producer)Algae (producer)

40. Put a triangle around 40. Put a triangle around the organisms which the organisms which

contains the least stored contains the least stored energy from the sun?energy from the sun?

Hawk (tertiary Hawk (tertiary consumer)consumer)

41.It takes the earth 41.It takes the earth ________ to ______ around the ________ to ______ around the

sun.sun.365 ¼ days to revolve365 ¼ days to revolve

42. It takes the earth ______ to 42. It takes the earth ______ to ________ on its axis causing ________ on its axis causing

__________.__________.

________ ________ rotaterotateseasonsseasons

43. It takes the moon ______ to 43. It takes the moon ______ to _________ on its axis and ________ _________ on its axis and ________

to ________ around the Earth. to ________ around the Earth. Because of this we only see Because of this we only see ___________ side of the moon.___________ side of the moon.

http://brainbites.nasa.gov/#/one-side-of-moon

#44. Explain the difference #44. Explain the difference between weathering, erosion, between weathering, erosion,

and deposition.and deposition. WeatheringWeathering is the breaking down of Earth's is the breaking down of Earth's

rocks, soils and minerals through direct rocks, soils and minerals through direct contact with the planet's atmosphere. contact with the planet's atmosphere.

ErosionErosion is the process of weathering and is the process of weathering and transport of solids (sediment, soil, rock and transport of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment other particles) in the natural environment or their source and deposits them elsewhere or their source and deposits them elsewhere ......

DepositionDeposition refers to the build up of a refers to the build up of a sediment from organically derived matter or sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes. chemical processes.

45. Soil erosion is caused 45. Soil erosion is caused when…when…

Soil erosion is a naturally Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process on all land. occurring process on all land. The agents of soil erosion are The agents of soil erosion are water and wind, each water and wind, each contributing a significant contributing a significant amount of soil loss each year amount of soil loss each year