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CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
II ENVIRONMENT
II l METHODS
1 Survev and Reconnaissance
ass Co l l ec t i on
t i ga t i on o f Hun t ing Me thods ,t o f Hun t ing , and Percep t i onsundance, etc
S urveys
Seagrass
InpacL of
Co l l ec t i on
AbunClance,
D I SC USS ION
Hun t ing , Pe rcep t i ons o fand Harvest Technology, etc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
FIGURES
L o c a l i t i e s o n N o r t h w e s t c o a s t l i n e ,Western Austral ia
Local i t ies - Kimberley and Dampier Lanalcoas t l i ne , no r the rn Wes te rn Aus t ra l i a
Dugong survey f l ight l ines in RoebuckB a y , 7 - v i i i - 8 4
3a. Bathymetry relevant to dugongdistr ibut ion and. survey gr id
Inner Anchorage area of Roebuck Bayat morning low t ide on l - -v i i i -84
Habit of Seagrass species found in MangrovePoint area, Roebuck Bay, at low
Aer ia
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RESULTS
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ons made in thehar te r su rveys ,
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T h e t a k i n g o f d u g o n g n a y s t i l l b e a s e a s o n a L a c t i v i t y i n s a n ea r e a s s u c h a s o n e A t n P o i n t , b u t a p p e a r s t o b e l e s s r e s t r j c t e di n t h e v i c i n i t y o f B t o o n e , w h e r e 2 5 - t 0 d u g o n g s p e r a n n u n n a y b et h e p r e s e n t c a t c h r a t e .
T h e t o t a l d u g o n g c a t c h i n t h e D a n p i e r L a n d a r e a c o u T d p r e s e n t l ybe o f the orde t o f 50-80 an ina . l . s per annun on the bas is o f da tat o h a n d . I n t o t a 7 , t , h e a p p a t e n t d u g o n g h a r y e s t i n t h i s a r e ac o u ] d b e o f m a j o r i n p a c t o n t h e 7 o c a 7 d u g o n g s t o c k s . T h eR o e b u c k B a y h a r v e s t c e r t a i n l y a p p e a r s t o b e n u c h g r e a t e r t h a nt h a t w h i c h c o u l d b e s u p p o r t e d b y t h e d u g o n g t h o u g h t t o o ep r e s e n t a r o u n d 7 - 8 ' A u g u s t 1 9 8 4 { i . e . a n e s t i m a t e d 5 0 - J 0 0i n d i v i d u a 1 s ) . T h e n e e d f o r h a r y e s t n o n i t o r i n g a n d c a r e f u ln a n a g e n e n t o f t h i s a p p a t e n t c o n s e r y a t i o n D r o b L e n w i t h t h ec o o p e r a t i v e i n v o l v e n e n t o f t h e A b o r i g i n a T c o n n u n i t i e s c o n c e r n e dh a s b e e n n o t e d .
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abundance in the waters of northern western Austral ia f romPort Hedland nor lhwards to Broome and Derby thence aroundto the Western Aus tral ian-Northern Terr i tory border; and
providing an assessment of survey clesign requirements andcos t i ng o f a p rog ram to es tab l i sh cu r ren t d i s t r i bu t i on andabundance of dugong in this area and the levels andposs ib le impac t o f t r ad i t i ona l hun t i nq .
IIENVIRONMENT
Coastal areas of the Kimberley can be separated into two broadz ones :
i ) t h a t f r o m t h e w . A . / N . T . b o r d e r t o c a p e L e v e q u e ( F i g . 2 ) ,genera l l y cha rac te r i zed by a rugged b roken coas t l i ne w i thnunerous o f f sho re i s l ands tha t re f l ec t s the geo logy andgeomorpho log i ca l p rocesses tha t have a f fec tec l t h i s a rea .Seasonal ly there is a high runoff f rom the weII vegetatedh in te r l and , bu t t he re i s no exposu re to heavy ocean icswe l l - ( see Burb i c lge e t a l . 1978 : , and R ide and Serven ty1 9 7 4 ) ; a n d
i i ) that f rom Cape Leveque to southward of Broome along theE i g h t y M i l e B e a c h ( F i g s . I & 2 ) . t y p i c a l l y , t h i s a r e arece ives l i t t l e runo f f f r om the san i l y i n land a reas , andthe coast l ine comprises low sandy beaches with theoccas iona l f i ne o f l ow c l i f f s . O f f sho re , t he i nne rRow ley She l f s l opes gen t l y t o the 60 fa thom (11 -0 m) l i ne\.{hich is some 160 km to seavrard in the Cape Bossut-CapeJauber t a rea (Car r i gy and Fa i rb r i dge 1954) .
These no r the rn coas ts o f wes te rn Aus t ra l i a a re sub iec t t o anextremely r igorous t idal regime,ampl i tude var iat ion between high andsemic l i u rna l f l ow . Th i s reg ine i s a tno r th wes te rn K imber ley coas t . He respr ing t ides can exceecl 1l m whereasfa l l t o as l i t t l e as 1 m. On ave ragei s c . 8 - 1 0 m , a n d o f n e a p s , c . 2 m .t i de - i n pa r t i cu la r f a l l s away bo ththe K ing Sound-Buccaneer A rch ipe lagoPort Hedlancl to the south ani l < 5(Aus t ra l i an Na t iona l T ide Tab les f984 )
which combines a highIow water with a alominant
i ts most extreme along thethe maximum range of high
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r F h a r . n d a n f + h a- " . - sp r rngto the north and south ofa rea , ave rag ing c . 6 m a tm on the fa r no r th coas t
C l ima t i ca f l y , t he t rop i ca l x imber ley reg ion expe r iences a sho r trainy surnmer per iod fol lowed by a prolonged winter drought,with t ransi t ional per iods between, c lur ing which clayt imetemperatures are elevated. Most rainfal l - is receivecl dur ingthe per iod December-March, and much of th is comes fromthunderstorms ancl about one quarter f rom monsoonal systems.Tropical cyclones are however responsible for the mostw idesp read and heaw fa l I s ( see cen t i l l i I 972 ) Ra in fa l l onthe no r th wes t K imber ley coas t i n t he v i c in i t y o f t he P r inceRegent River (Fig. 2) exceeds I 200 mm per annum. Southwaral ofB roome annua l ra in fa l l dec l i nes to l ess than 600 mm, wh i l e t he
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i nc luded .v i s i t e d .
other Aboriginal community groups have yet to be
IV RESULTS
S URVEYS
F l igh ts w i th COASTWATCH ear l y Ju l y 1984 pe rm i t t ed fu r the r
observat ions belng made along the coast and among the of fshore
i " i una= be tween the DeGrey n l ve r and Coo lg ra Po in t , no r th eas t
o f ons low (F ig . f ) . r t ' " aa i t i on , co l l eagues based a t Ka r ra tha
were ab le , * i t n coopera t i on o f CUSTOMS au tho r i t i es ' t o
re inspec t t he Exmou th Gu l f a rea l a te June 1984 ' (F l i gh t
paths ) . Dugong data from these coASTwATCH f l ights are
lummar i zed i n Tab le 1 .
Fu r the r f l i gh ts w i th CoAsTwATcH, the f i r s t on Ju l y 6 , and the
remainder over tne per ioa ,rury 25 to August 2,- covered the
coas t f rom Broome n6 r thwards i n to K ing Sound and then - a roun ' l
t he coas t t o Darw ln . I s l and g roups and o f f sho re ree fs were
inspec ted as ope ra t i ons pe rm i t t ed ' Resu l t s f o r t he wes te rn
Aus t ra l i an coas ts a re summar i zed i n Tab les 2 -4 '
I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e c o A S T w A T c H f l i g h t s , t w o f l i g h t s u S l n gchar te r a i r c ra f t we re made on Augus t 7 and 8 ' The f i r s t o f
these involved a gr id survey of lne Roebuck Bay area ' lown to
c .p " - v i i r i i . t (F id . 2 ) commLnc ing c ' 3 hou rs a f te r row neap
l l be ana was des igned to de tec t g roups o f f eed ing dugongs . The
" r . r t " y pa t te rn f l own i s shown in F ig ' 3 '
The second f l i gh t on Augus t 8 i nc luded a t hou r c lose su rvey o f
i ' r ,J " . - .E --"-ge-
ana adjacent waters - rn the Montgomery Is lands
u ru " ( co l l i e i Bay ) on a fa l l i ng t i de , pJ -us a c lose . i nspec t i on
; i - ; "g ; "g a "y a . r& the eas te rn sec to r o f Ta lbo t Bay (F ig ' 2 ) i n
i f l " - J.*" ge-neraI " i "" , and close inspect ion of Pender and
e..gf ! - i "v=' and the remaining coast southwards to Broome on the
re tu rn l eg . e o t r . i r eexan i i na t i on o f t he no r the rn sec to r o f
noebucf ely where feeding dugong - had been noted the prevrous
J i v - l r l g . i , t r acks L2 -L4 ) w ls a l sc made p r i o r t o l an ' l i ng a t
Broome.
Resu l t s f rom these cha r te r f l i gh ts a re summar i zed i n Tab Ies 5
a n d 6 .
SEAGRASS COLLECTION
Extensrve seagrass banks are found in Roebuck Bay adjacent to
Broome (F ig . 4 ) . i a l oph i l a ova l i s appears to -b9 the . ma jo r
;;;;;;. p'E" "'t i n the-l;ter- ti?ET-E ea, l:! 111='=d="r? - :l :!9TY i :
a lso occu rs l n reasonab le abundance . The -upper
i n te r - t i da l
l imits to the most v igorous stands appear to be -determined by
lr ,e- rength " f t ime oi exposure and degree--" f ' ^g-ty, i 1.9^ " f lhe
t i da t f t a t s occup red by €he=e te "g ra="e= a t 1ow t i de ' The
;; ; ;A soft- leaved nato-ptr i la -gvar is .appears . to do 9u:t in
si tuat ions where s-6-e standing water remains' Halo' lu le
uninervis is the rnore prorninent species in the mixed stands in
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F ig . 3 . Dugong su rvey f l i gh t l i nes i n Roebuck Bay , 7 -v i i i - 84 -Numerals indicate order in which tracks were f1own, arrowheaalsthe direct ion of t ravel- . "x" inal icates approximate locat ion ofsmal l - group of dugongs. The or iginal f l ight plan cof lunencedwith the Dampier Creek-Crab Creek track (14) anal proceecledsouthward as for t racks 1-I1. Traff ic approaching the Broomeairport c i rcui t forced the change. Track 1 was conrmenced at150 -8 h rs . and t rack I I was comp le ted a t 1709 h rs . T racks 12 -14were f l own be tween 1720 and 1740 h rs . t ow t i a le (2 .9 m) was a t1250 h rs . Expec tea l h igh t i c l e (5 .2 m) was 1907 h rs . I nse t , 3a .
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7
w i th in Roebuck Bay nea r B roome, as p roven by the subsequenc ono r n r r n d i n q n c a : i - i . ) n q - r n d . \ n n ^ r t - , r h i f i 6 cu u L r e w s u u l t g L _ _ . { e r ep r e s e n t e d . T h e c l o s e r s u r v e i f l a n c e o f t h e r e e f s a r o u n d E n eMon tgomery I s lands and i n the no r th eas te rn sec to r o f Ta lbo tB a y d u r i n g c h e c h a r c e r w o r k o n 8 A u g u s t i n f a c t s u g g e s t e d t h a ti - h a ^ l . n i ^ ^ \ r a r h a r = , . ' - - ^ ' ^ . r ^ - i ^ - F + 1 ' . a 1 ^ - ^ , . , i + h I . i r r r ^ i F
a € I n con t ras t r t he co r runon obse rva t i on o fn u m b e r s o f f e e d i n g d u g o n g i n t h e d e e p e r w a t e r o f f s h o r e a l o n gthe coas ta l sec to r f rom abou t James p r i ce po in t no r thwards toa ' ^ r n n f R a v - ^ n h a l - a k e n t O i n d i C a t e t h e n r a c c n ^ a . 1 s q a e r - ' - - ^ ^s v ! > s q Y r a s _
beds be low the l ow wa te r mark .
A p a r t f r o m t h e a b o v e o b s e r v a t i o n s , e x a m i n a t i o n o f r e e f a n d b a ya r e a s e l s e w h e r e w a s e x c r e m e l y b r i e f ( d i c t a t e d b y c i r c u m s t a n c e s ) .P a r t s o f s o m e o f t h e l a r g e r n o r t h K i m b e r l e y b a y s a n d g u l f s ,e t c . r e . g . N a p i e r B r o o m e a n d V a n s i t t a r t B a y s , a n d A d m i r a l E . yc u f f a n d v o n t a g u e S o u n d ( F i g . 2 ) , a p p e a r e d . L i k e l y t o b ef a v o u r a b l e f o r t h e g r o w t h o f s e a g r a s s c o m m u n i t i e s , b u t w a t e rc o n d i t i o n s a n d o p e r a t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n c s d i d n o t f a v o u r n o r ep o s i t i v e i C e n t i f i c a t i o n o f p a r t i c u l a r s i t e s o n E h i s o c c a s i o n .
IMPACT OF HUNTING, PERCEPTIONS CF ABUNDANCEI AND HARVES?T E C H N O L O G Y , E T C .
D i r e c t e n q u i r i e s w e r e m a d e a r o u n d B r o o m e a n d a t O n e A r m p o i n t .F o f l o w u p d i s c u s s i o n s w e r e p u r s u e d . o n r e t u r n i n g t o p e r t h w i c h
" h ^ h e \ / a h o o n < 1 - r r d r r i n / " ' f h A A ^ m 6 c J - i a a n n rU L I I C ! ! e b e c t l u l l e l s W l . , . . ^ - ^ , - , - n o m yo f K imber ley Abor ig ina l - commun i t i es .
I ' l a n y c f t . h e p e o p l e w h o h a v e a p r e s e n t a c t i v e i n v o l v e m e n c i ne x p l o i t a t r o n o f d u g o n g o n t h e D a m p i e r L a n d c o a s t s h a v e I i n k sw i c h t h e O n e A r m P o i n t - S u n d a y T s l a n d a r e a . r 4 y e n q u i r i e s a t e n eA r m P o i n t p r o v i d e d s u f f i c i e n t e v i d e n c e t o d e m o n s t r a t e a s t r o n gt r a d i t i o n a l a s s o c i a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s e p e o p l e a n d t h e d u g o n g .T h e l a n g u a g e h a s s p e c i f i c w o r d s f o r d i f f e r e n t . d u g o n g a n d
f r l r i h a d i f f a r a n t n r - ' ^y ! u u l , r r r y > \ , r u u 9 ( J i 1 9 > t L r r c ! c d . r c ' . / ! r r u 5 _ _ _ - - - _ F t r f , s
o f t h e d u g o n g a n d r i t u a l f o r b u c c h e r i n g a n d p r o t o c o l f o rd i s t r i h r i i n . r i - h p m o ^ l - a ' f c e n r r r r o ^ ^ r r n n n c . . n , a . f I o . c + ^ n 6 - i + ^v r ! q ! / u u ! s u u u Y v r r 9
o n S u n d a y T s l a n d w h i c h i s o f s i g n i f i c a n c e i n t h e A b o r i g i n a l' 1
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H u n r i n g o f d u g o n g i n t h e O n e A r m p o i n t a r e a i s g e n e r a l l yr e s t r i c t e d t o t h e p e r i o d f r o m a b o u t y a r c h - A p r i I t h r o u g h t oA u g u s t - S e p t e m b e r , w i t h a v a i l a b i l i t y o f d u g o n g i n t h e a r s a
. , L ^ . : - - + h a ^ ^ ^ f f ^ t 1 i ^ ^ F ! ^ l - ^ , 1 . , ^ + t , = ^ . ic ( P P d r e l l L l y l ) e l - I l 9 L L v v L r q ! v ! t r r r y ! a \ - L ( ) f , O ( . ) L I I n O W a n o I nl ) r a - F l l r ^ n c a n I i m c q T h a r o € r ^ n ^ ^ ^ r i ' i ^ - ! ^ !_ _ - . r L l l l l / e t l q l r r r j . e s t o n a v e
b e e n n o t r a d i t i o n a l l i m i t s t o t h e n u m b e r o f d u g o n g t h a t m i g h tb e t a k e n i n a n y y e a r , b u t t h i s i s n o t e x c e p c i o n a l w h e n : h e1 i 6 i + 6 . l . , , 5 I I 5 h i I i r - , ' , . - \ F , . i , r . ' . , . . r : n n t - h a r r a J - h o d o E r . a n r r r r c n g i 6 1v ! e q } J c u 4 € l / r
t o t h e c o m i n g o f E u r o p e a n s i s t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t .
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7
tha t can be o f fe red i n t h i s rega rd f rom loca l sou rces , and . Ihave ye t t o do su f f i c i en t l y i n tens i ve su rveys i n each l dca1 i t y .However, the observat ion that dugong might be more read. i ly seena long the l -ess access ib le pa r t o f t he Damp ie r Land coa -s t l i nebetr .reen James pr ice point and carnot. Bay ( the middre sect ion ofwh ich i nc ludes the po in t cou lomb Na tu re Reserve ) , ra the r t hana long pa r t s t o the no r th o r sou th cou ld be s ign i f i can t i n t h i scon tex t .
Fu r the r enqu i r i es were d . i r ec ted to asce r !a in ing the poss ib leimpac t o f changes i n ha rves t t echno logy on hun t i ng p rac t i ces ,anal t ry ing to obtain some appreciat ion of maximum harvestp ressu re i n t he pas L .
The One Arm po in t s i t ua t i on requ i res fu r the r i nves t i ga t i on , bu ti na l i ca t i ons a re tha t t he p resen t l eve l s o f hun t i nq navquan t i t a t i ve l y be o f s im i l a r magn i tude to tha t expec ted i n thecl istant past when tradi t ional hand capture was the norm, andfewer peop le were p resen t . Hun t ing i n t he more recen t pasE .(10-15 years ago) may hortever have accountecl for much larqernumbers pe r annum.
In the v i c in i t y o f B roome changes i n ha rves t t echno logy havepo ten t i a l l y i nc reased the ' f i sh ing power " o f t hose w ish ing cotake i lugong. Apart f rom the in i t ia l ad.vent of the spear orha rpoon , t he ava i l ab i l i t y o f t he ou tboa rd mo to r i n more recen rt imes has f ree i l t he hun te r f rom some env i ronmen ta l cons t ra in t s .P re -Wor ld War I I , access to the favou red hun t i nq a reas l nRoebuck Bay r^tas dependent on the t ides. The inten-al ing hunterrowed his dinghy out into the nain channel of Dampier Creek onthe fa l l i ng t i de and was then ca r r i ed fu r the r ou t i n to RoebuckBay. He achieved \"rhat he could around the per ioi l of the changeo f t i de and then re -pos i t i oned h inse f f t o ca tch the i ncominqt ide to return home. He was thus conpel led to be at sea for ipe r i oc l o f 5 -6 hou rs on each t r i p and was a l so e f fec t i ve l yprevented from ranging over to the eastern sector of Roebucklay Uy the pattern of t idal f l_ow. Use of an outboard powered.d inghy now f rees the hun te r t o go where he des i res " r i d a t soinc reases the e f fecL i veness o f t ime tha t may be spen t i n t hehun t ing a rea . A comprehens ive assessmen t o f t he ne t impac t o fthese changes on the hunt ing of dugong in Roebuck Bay ca-nnot bemade on p resen t i n fo rma t ion , bu t i t i s apparen t t h t t t he r i skto dugong may_now be g rea te r t han i n the pas t .
Up to seven part ies have been noted hunt ing dugong at one t imein the past and a maximum of four animal i hai been known cohave been taken on one day in Roebuck Bay. The t ime frame forthese obse rva t i ons has no t ye t been es tab l i shed , bu t myinformant did ment ion that only smal l - numbers of dugong (6-eini l iv iduals) may now be seen at one t ime and that i t wal mucheasier to see numbers of dugong in c layl ight hours pr ior to theadvent of outboari l motors. Harpoons with detachablL heads weref i r s t used i n the l -a te I940s pe r iod .
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P I A T C I
Plate 2
F ig . 7 . Hab i ta t and hab i t o f Ha loph i Ia ova ta on mud banks tonoi th of Buccaneer Rock ( in background, P I- : - -Tt , Roebuck Bay, atl o w t i d e o n 3 1 - v i i - 8 4 ( c f . F i g . 6 , P l . 2 ) . P I . I . G e n e r a l v i e wo f h a b i t a t , w i t h H . o v a t a v i s i b l - e i n p o o l i n f o r e g r o u n d . P I . 2 .Growth habit of H. ovata in Buccaneer Rock local i ty. Typical- l -yi n poo ls o f s tand ing
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P l a t e 2
F i g . 9 . H a b i t a t a n d h a b i t o f S y r i n g o d i u m i s o e t i f o l i u m a tQuondong Po in t , 29 -v i i - 84 . p l . I . - - - -GrowE l -haE f t ; sca rce , j . ns h e l t e r e a l r e e f p o o l o n s a n d y s u b s t r a t e - I o w t i d e . p I . 2 .V iev r f ron P l . L a rea back to euondong po in t - t r ack i n top a r k i n g a r e a a t r i g h t r e a r .
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Pla te 2
F ig . t I . Hab i ta t and g ro \ " / t h hab i t o f Tha tass ia hempr i ch i i i nSunday I s channe f a t l ow t i de , 6 -v i i i - 94 . p I . 1 . l a i i on ra i sedr e e f p l a t f o r m . p I . 2 . V i e w a c r o s s c h a n n e l a t s o u t h e r n e n dfac inq eas tward .
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aql Jo 1:ed pelelosr Jsoru sTql uI dlanrlce;ga l.ror'r 01 s1dua11pqlT^\ pe?ercossP sa-[1Tnc'!J]Tp lea.r aql pe1q6r1q6rq osT€ s€q 1nq 'spunos {.rotr pue an6p?uol^l ,31n9 ,{11e:Turpv pue ,s,{eg ?:el1Tsue^pu€ auroo-rg rardell s€ qcns saceld ur uoTle6Tlse^ur -raqf -rnJJoJ saTlTTrqrssod aq? pe?€crpur seq ea.r€ sTql fo o6p.raloc.d1uo acuo aq;, '1p1Tq€q 6uo6np luelrodurT se Jseoc srql go s1:ed?uef,eJJrp Jo enTp^ alqlssod aq1 ssasse osle 01 pue ,po-rE sTr.{fuT saTpn?s 6uo6np eArsue?uT a:our 6urop :o; sarfrTrqrssod aq1;o lesre:dde ue e>1plu pue aurT?seoc ueTTe-rf sny uJelsall u.roql.rouaq? r'!aT^ o1 .f,1run1:oddo 1s:1;: aqf papr^o.rd s1q6r1g HD,IVMJSV0J
NOISSN3SIC N
distr ibution of these animals appeared - t :^.t"fL:1t*^33t:: : l i :?
*iilii"H'"";.;'.";T;;;*""f "t *" rlbs '. I .1 .1?l:,. "oo1:':::-:::ll?:
xill l i l l";!=.i".r,i ' j";;;;;;t i inx,, ii is. crif f icurr ro extraporate' : ; ' ^^ : crood est imate of to ta l numbers
survey alata to Produce a 9oo.dp res en t . The observat ions and da ta ob ta ined sugges t t ha t a
be a reasonab le f i r s t es t ima teRoebuck BaY area around 1-gio i " f " f 50 to 100 dugong wou ld
; ; t he numbers P resen t i n t he
A u q u s t 1 9 8 4 .
I t is apparent f rom the observat ions^-o^^- " t i - : t j : : : : "^1 : : :
il" " iit ""i',i,i#' = #' -ayv""g. .n'.'"."::. :11:,,il ̂ ::::::"1" *":::;:;: i :;:' J' ;ili;.
-" o"iJ - =.t fu f t : l.'-1y-^ : ""1i :t "::::::? ? "iJ'n":?
i:'=.T;"J:"- 'ir""t =it "i"-
*r"n"a' Howei'er ' --tl^"-:p^p:5* .5:,t "::llnil"t=J^ti.,'"i'."J""i1*v i;-"";"s. .'-1-:h:^"^:?:T?^:'?? :l:?::t t:i:;:n. t ?'"' X'"'.?i r"^iE"
="t li ff ;; a "s " " s p-o-p "-r 1 :l :', :: - :l 1* i : t I ; : i
:?'";:"::;"'-:'::: ;i ;; 'lsht org-er'- .* ":"5^^'-1o^rolabr-e that
the true total could be ". i in. t imes that suggested above
The ma in task o f t he secon ' l cha r te r f l i gh t on Augus t 8 was tne
close inspect ion of ' t r tJ" i r"" ts;rn-ty
r"r t t tas reef area' The few
dugong seen he re we te - f oo "d -ad jacen t
t o the sou th -eas t sec to r
o f t he ree f , bu t t u r t l es j t e re mos t numerous p rac ! i ca l l y a l l
around the reef ed;; . The reef cover also appeared to be
predominant ly arga"l" ' t r - t t "1 -on""rv.at ions
suggest that the
Montgomery Is lands area woutd indeed have been a most desirable
s i ! e fo r o . "op "a ] -o " ' by the Abor ig ina l -oeop le m id -yea r ' as was
the case in previous" i f* . r . "-go*Jrrer
t l ie comrnents about dugong
in this area may t . i . t ' " - ' **" ." to- t t re probable ease of capture of
anv that may have ; ; ; ;J far up on-to the reef pLatform at
f, i ir. ' i i i . ," lati,e' t;;;- l ; ; alsoloi" -abundance of the species'
One of my etoo^t '* ' i n- f ; t* ; t ' t " had. men! ioned that dugong
d is t r i bu t i on rn tn i s i i " u * " " l ssg l i r - t ed p r i o r t o my mak ing
th i s f l i gh t . coas r "wa i i r i * on=" t " " t " a t so r6ca l l ed mak ing ve ry
few obse rva t i ons o f a " -g ;g he re ( suppor ted by repo r t s on f i l e ) '
The secondary ob jec t i ve o f t h i s second cha r te r f l i qh t o f do ing
a alerai led coastal - of fshore - coastal : p"t t -e^r:- : .T-" iJ rcf the
Carnot Bay to James Price Poinl area (whe1e COASTWATCH f l ights
had suggested dugongs were concentrated) had to be abandoned
due to t ime ana ' i lgnt-
restr ict ions- There are thus no
comprehensive quant i iat ive survey data to back up the
c umulat ive l*pt"" t to"n1"*# - "U""aince- and pattern. ?f-
di : ' t :^ i l : t i on
of dugong on thj-s """" i i "" o i "o"st where' the t idal pattern and
Iarge range "pp"t t - " i l - - i *p"=
t fa ir ly r igorous I imits on the
ac l i v i t y pa t te rns tha t dugongs mus t ma in ta in to fu l l y exp lo i t
t he i r hab i ta t , . . ; - f ee -a ing pa t te rns appear to be more
dependent on the " iut" -
" i - i r i t i iat than in 3t" t ut" t ,
-1: :h u"
Shark Bay ' w i th an ima ls i n t he B roome a rea a l so appear ing to
have to feed in * ,rJ d".p", water on average. , The probabi l i ty
of actual ly t iqnt i"g- -J 'ugong
in these northern waters may
consequent ly fe lowel t i rar i ln the more southern parts of their
ranse in western A;; l r ; i ; ; , s imply b.ecause they are spencl ing a
i:;;:. '"p.ii"o'a-- -'"t]i"-'-gJ-'*Lren -
ictivelv f eetiin-s'' -- Tl':"" r
observed from tne ; i ; ; f f i" . . i"uu"tt- Bay- were .staying . down 2-3
minutes. This was afsl ' tne
t ime quoted by my informant as that
ava i lab le to ge t in to pos i t ion !o spear i feea ing dugong a f te r
it was seen to ait't'-" i"";;;";;;;' title feedins dusonss observed
r"t" sp"rrairrg I i t t le t ime on the surface bet-ween dives ' and
3 6
LE
aceJ.rns-qns pue aceJ.rns .II'^eg {rPqS 1e s6uo6nq Jo sarpnls
'erTe.r?snv u-relseM' (qz86T ) 'X'iI ', uos.rapuv
'tg-69: 6 "EEg- 'tntp1 '+sW ',{en.rng TeT.revJo srspg eq? uo esn ?e?rqeH pue uors:adsrc 'uo11rsoduro3'ezTs uoT1€Tndod Jo s1str1eug 'r 'erTerfsnv u.re?soM'deg )tteqs le s6uo6no fo sorpnls(ez85T ) 'x'd 'uosf,epuv
L-0t9 'T€ "TcSauT f,ew'TTns '?uaura6euew pue uorl€A.rasuoC 01 uor4eTou uT ( t6-6np
6uo6nc) 6uo6no aq1 fo rnor^€qaa aq,tr '(TB5T) 'X'<I 'uosJopuv
sltNtdllld iln
'seTqpa pue ldT-rcsnueu aql ped,{+ ep,{:a TITf pue IJTH euoTaeu
'paurp?qo peq I uorleurJoJur Jer-{?o Jo uoTlpTcerdde ur padlequae.rg >[crN qlTlr uorssncsTq 's6uo6np JTng r{fnouxa 6uTu.racuocuorleufoJur -rraq? .roJ TTpqs.rel{ uraax pup sr.r.roq qlTaX sen6eefTocXur 01 pe?qapur ulp I 'fca[o:d sTqq fo ssaocns aql pueser:rnbua Fur o1 pelnqr:fuoc oqr\ sJaqlo ITp 01 enp a.re slueq,L
'pe1e1ca:dde F1qee;6 sr pueTsr Xepung of lrsrA aq1burrleui u1 dleq srq pue 'elqenleaur sen ue66r64 pT^ec Iq peprao:duorleu.roJuI 'uor?eTcossv seul6rroqg Tpf,eg oqf Jo ueur-rreqJ'ralunH cr.rg Iq polsrsse tr11ee:6 se^\ Jurod ru-rv auo 1€ IroA{
'.f e?unH aof pu€ ralunH p.reqcru / aou ^pped .{qapeu a.reA suorfnqr-11uoc eTqenT€A 'ueuru-rog eog Iq pele1'!Trcel:a.ra^r auoo:g ur Flrununuoc 1eur6r:oqg aqf qlTA slce?uoC
'ecu€?sTSse pue uoTlefedo-oc ITpue1 f l:rTaq? toJ :e6uassed e se.tl r qcrr{A uo s?q6TTf aoueTTral.rnssnoT.re^ aq? uo lauuos:ed ,IS a!,ilxs eq1 o? anp osTe e.re s{u€r{,t'pa6paT^rou{ce ^TTnfefp:6 sr euop I.roA srql 6u111a6 ur (auoo:g'HJIVI4ISVOJ) sre6ou uqof pue '(erroqupJ 'HJ,LvMJSvoc ) Fesueu xau'(e-r-requ€C 'SMdNV) uos-repuv uop-rog ,{q pepr^oJd acuelsrsse aqJ,
slNlAr9CilMON)3V In
'saT?Tununuoc
1eur61:oqv oql arrTolrur lsnu paldurelle ue:6o:d 6ut:o11uour qcnsduv '6u1:olruour
TnJa-rec serTnbef snql pue lcedurl luecrg:ru61se 6urireq aq osT€ ?uarussess€ s-Iq? uo pTnoc uorlelroldxe goTazraT 1ua-redde aq,1 'uorlebrfsanur Jaql-rnJ soJlnba-r lurod srq;' sno.reunu a-rou eq ,{eur ,{aq.L '?seaI ?p pa-rpunq Te:a^es -raqunupTnor (^eg )tcnqaou u-J esoql uof,J 1r€de) s{co1s 6uo6np pueTraldureo 6u1fs1xa eqf lpql uorurdo ?uese:d ,{ur sT 1-t ssaTeq?.ranaN's?seoc IoTraqurTy aql puno.re s,{elrns 6uo6np 6uT?dua1?puT pelalunocue eq o1 surelqo:d :e1ee:6 aq? fo aruo s af,e a^eTTaqr leqrl Jo a^rleJrpur se ua{e? aq pTnoqs e^oqe s?uauuoc eqI
' sesec asoru u Tecp;.rns aq? o? asoTc ueqrr ldacxa -rre eqf uo-rJ uees oq ?ou pTnoc
O b s e r v a t i o n s . A u s t . w i l d 1 . R e s . ' 9 : 8 5 - 9 9 .
A n d e r s o n , P . K . ( 1 9 8 4 ) .65 : 510 -1 .
Suckl ing in Dugonq i lugong. J.
A n d e r s o n , P . K . a n c l P r i n c e , R . I . T . ( i n p r e s s ) , P r e d a t i o n o nDugongs : Attacks by Ki11er whales. J. Manmal.
A u s t r a l i a . D e p t . o f D e f e n c e ( N a v y O f f i c e ) . ( 1 9 8 3 ) . " A u s t r a l i a n
Nat ional Ti i le Tables I984". Austral ian HydrographicPub l i ca t i on 11 . (AGPS : Canber ra ) .
B u r b i d g e , A . A . , M a r c h a n t , N . G . , M c K e n z i e , N . L . a n d W i I s o n ,P . G . ( 1 9 7 8 ) . n E n v i r o n m e n t ' r . p p . 1 2 - 2 1 . I n " T h e I s l a n d so f t he Nor th -wes t K imber ley " . (Eds . A .A . Bu rb idge anc iN . L . M c K e n z i e . ) W i l c l l . R e s . B u l I . W e s t . A u s t . ' 7 . ( D e p t .F i sh . W i l c l l . : Pe r th )
C a r r i g y , M . A . a n d F a i r b r i d g e , R . w - ( 1 9 5 4 ) . 2 . - R e c e n tseal imentat ion, physiography anal structure of thecon t i nen ta l she l ves o f wes te rn Aus t ra l i a . J . Roy . Soc .w e s t . A u s t . , 2 8 z 6 5 - 9 5 .
cen t i l l i , J . (L972) . "Aus t ra l i an c l ima te Pa t te rns " . (Ne Ison :l le lbourne ) .
Ke ighe ry , c . J . (198 I , unpub l i shed ) . No tes on the B io logy andPhytogeography of Western Austral ian Plants ' Part t5 3wet land Monocotyledons. Kings Park Boaral , west Perth,6005 . Wes te rn Aus t ra l i a .
Ja rman , P .J . (1965) . The S ta tus o f t he Dugongd u g o n M u l l e r ) . E . A f r . w i l a l I . J . ' 4 : 8 2 - 8 .
( Dugong
Marsh , H . (?1983) . Dugong L i f e H is lo ry . Imp l i ca t i ons fo rthe Management of Austral ian Populat ions. In "Proceedings"
Symposium on l ' lar ine Mamnals of the Inal ian Ocean' February2 2 - 2 5 , 1 9 8 3 , M t L a v i n i a , S r i L a n k a .
P r i n c e , R . I . T . , A n d e r s o n ' P . K . a n c l B l a c k m a n , D . ( 1 9 8 1 ) .The Status and Distr ibut ion of Dugongs in WesternAus t ra l i a . pp . 57 -87 . I n "The Dugong : P roceed ings o f aSemi nar lworkshop hel i l at James Cook Universi ty, 8-13 May' I O 7 0 r l ( E a l . H , M a r s h ) . (James Cook Universi ty,Queensland ) .
R ide , w ,D .L . and Serven ty , D .L . ( ] -974 ' ) . The Fauna o fwes te rn Aus t ra l i a . pp . 59 -82 In "wes te rn Aus t ra l i anYearbook . No . 13 - 1974" . (Aus t . Bu reau o f S ta t i s t i cs . )( Governmen t P r in te r : Wes te rn Aus t ra l i a ) .
un i te i l s ta tes . Dep t . o f conunerce . NoAA. (1984 e t p rec . ) .GOSSTCOMP Sea Surface Temperature. Maps. E0 090E.
3 B