AdLPp TlTLmU] Gi: 3262, RrS hYN YVd l,

pXWU, UW - 625 011

LT : 98426 - 49140, 98421 - 88660

RXT : 0452 - 6463666

CQVR[m: www.gksuccess.com / u]gNp : akpmadurai@gmail.com

B\m Yl .......................................................... 1

HZm Yl ...........................................................19

GhPm Yl .........................................................71

JuTRm Yl ................................................... 126

TjRm Yl ....................................................... 198

T]Wm Yl ...............................................232

TuWiPm Yl ........................................242

1Mwhk; tFg;G

nra;As; - tho;j;JjpUtUl;gh

1. fz ;z py ; fye ;j hd ;fUj;jpy; fye;jhd; vd;Dk;tho;j;Jg; ghliy vOjpatHahH?,uhkypq;f mbfshH

2. jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH vd;Dk;rpwg;Gg; ngaH ngw;wtH ahH?,uhkypq;f mbfshH

3. MrpupaH Fwpg;G:-CH flY}H khtl;lk; kUJ}u;ngw;NwhH ,uhikah> rpd;dk;ikahH.E}y ; [ PtfhUz;a xOf;fk ; >kDKiw fz;lthrfk;> ghly;jpUtUl;gh

4. ,uhkypq;f mbfshH grpj;JaHNghf;fp kf;fSf;F cztspf;fve;jr; rhiyia mikj;jhH?mwr;rhiyia

5. mwpTnewp tpsq;f ,uhkypq;fmbfshH epWtpa rig vJ?Qhdrig

6. fhyk; 5.10.1823 Kjy; 30.1.1874tiujpUf;Fws; md;Gilik

7. jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpatH ahH?jpUts;StH

8. jpUts;Stu; tho;e;j fhyk;?fp.K. 31 vd;W $WtH

9. jpUts;Stupd; NtW rpy ngaHfs;ahit?nre;ehg;NghjhH> nja;tg;GytH>ehadhH

10. jpUf;Fws; vj;jid tifahfg;gpupf;fg;gLfpwJ? mit ahit?%d;W gpupTfs;. mit1. mwj;Jg;ghy;2. nghUl;ghy;3. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy;

11. jpUf;Fwspy; xt;NthH mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk; 10 Fwl;ghf;fs; tPjk;vj;jid Fwl;ghf;fs; cs;sd?1330

12. jpUf;Fwspy; vj;jid mjpfhuq;fs;cs;sd?133

13. jpUf;Fws; ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F14. jpUf;Fwspd; NtW rpy ngaHfs;

ahit?Kg;ghy;> nghJkiw> jkpo;kiw

15. cyf kf;fshy; jpUf ;Fws;vt;thW Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ?cyfg; nghJkiwjpUts;StH Mz;L fzf;fpLk;Kiw fpwpj;J Mz;L (fp.gp.) +31= jpUts ;StH Mz;L(vLj;Jf;fhl;L) 2010 + 31(fp.gp.2010 = jpUts;StH Mz;L2041 vd;W $WNthk;

216. nrhw;nghUs;1. MHtyH - md;GilatH2. Gd;fzPH - Jd;gk; fz;L ngUFk;

fz;zPH3. g+ry;jUk; - ntspg;gl;L epw;Fk;4. vd;G - vYk;G (,q;F cly;>nghUs;>

Mtpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ)5. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;G NtWghL ,Uf;fhJ

22. vOj ;jhzp nfhz;L vOJk;Xiyf;F vd;d ngaH?Xiyr;Rtb

23. ekf;fhfj; jhspy; vOjp> mr;rpl;Lg;Gj;jfj;ij toq;fpatH ahH?c.Nt.rhkpehja;aH

24. FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L vd;Dk; Rtbapy; vj;jidtifahd g+f;fspd; ngaHfs; ,Ue;jd?njhz;Z}w;W xd;gJ

25. FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L vd;Dk; E}ypd;MrpupaH.fgpyH

26. Xiyr;Rtbfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; rpy,lq;fs; ahit?1. fPo;j;jpirf; Rtbfs; E}yfk;>nrd;id2. muR Mtzf; fhg;gfk;> nrd;id3. cyfj;jkpo; Muha;r;rp epWtdk;>nrd;id4. ruRtjp kfhy;> jQ;rht+H

327. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aH ve;j Cupy;gpwe;jhH?

jpUth&H khtl;lj;jpy; cs;scj;jkjhdGuk;

28. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aupd; ,aw;ngaHvd;d?Ntq;fluj;jpdk;

29. c.Nt.rh.tpd; MrpupaH ngaH ? kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk;

gps;is30. MrpupaH c.Nt.rhkpehja;aUf;F

itj;j ngaH vJ?rhkpehjd;

31. c .Nt .r h t p u pj ;Jf ; $Wf?cj;jkjhdGuk; Ntq;fl Rg;igaHkfdhd rhkpehjd;.

32. c.Nt.rh.ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH.19.2.1855

33. c.Nt.rh ve;j Mz;L ,aw;ifva;jpdhH?28.4.1942

34. jkpo;j;jhj;jhtpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;wpd;E}ypd; ngaH ahJ?vd;rupjk;

35. c.Nt.rh tho;f;if tuyhw;iw ve;j,jopy; njhluhf vOjpdhH?Mde;j tpfld;c.Nt.rh. gjpg;gpj;j E}y;fs;1. vl;Lj;njhif 82. gj;Jg;ghl;L 103. rPtfrpe;jhkzp 14. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 15. kzpNkfiy 1

6. Guhzq;fs; 127. cyh 98. Nfhit 69. J}J 610. ntz;gh E}y;fs; 1311. me;jhjp 312. guzp 213. Kk;kzpf;Nfhit 214. ,ul;il kzpkhiy 215. ,jugpuge;jq;fs; 4

36. c.Nt.rh. E}y; epiyak; ve;jMz;L epWtg;gl;lJ?1942

37. c.Nt.rh. E}y; epiyak; ve;j efupy;njhlHe;J nray;gl;L tUfpwJ?nrd;idapy; cs;s ngrd;l;efH

38. c.Nt.rh. mtHfspd; jkpo;g ;gzpfisg; ghuhl;ba ntspehl;LmwpQHfs; ahH?[p.A.Nghg;> #ypa]; tpd;Nrhd;

39. eLtz; muR>c.Nt.rh.mtHfspd;jkpo;j;njhz;bidg; ngUikg;gLj;Jk;tifapy; ______ Mk; Mz;LmQ;ry; jiy ntspapl;Lr; rpwg;gpj;Jcs;sJ.2006 Mk; Mz;L

Jizg;ghlk;filrptiu ek;gpf;if

40. [g;ghdpy; ve;j ve;j ,uz;L,lq;fspy; mnkupf;fh Fz;LtPrpaJ?1. `pNuhrpkh 2. ehfrhfp

441. rlNfh ve;j ehl;Lr; rpWkp?[g;ghd;

42. [g;ghdpaH tzq;Fk; gwit vJ?nfhf;F

43. mutpe;j Fg;jh vOjpa E}y;.nld; ypl;by; gpq;fH];fhfpjj;jpy; cUtq;fs; nra;Ak;fiyia [g;ghdpaH xupfhkpvd;W $WtH

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;44. ,yf;fzk; vjw;Fj; Njitg;

gLfpwJ?ehk; NgRk; nkhopia> vOJk;nkhopiar; rupahfg; Gupe ;Jnfhs;tjw;F

45. jkpopd; Kjy; vOj;J vJ?m

46. m vd;Dk; vOj;J vjidf;Fwpf;Fk;?kdpjd;

47. q; vd;w vOj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhy;tUk; ,d vOj;J vJ?f

48. kQ;rs;> mQ;rhNj vd;Dk; ,t;tpuz;Lnrhw;fspy; vit el;G vOj;Jf;fs;?Q; r

49. e; kw;Wk; d; ,t;tpuz;Lk; vd;dvOj;Jfs;?nka;

50. r; vd;gJ nka;naOj;J vvd;gJ capnuOj;J ,t;tpuz;Lk;NrUk; NghJ khWtJ?

Fwpy;51. r; vd;gJ nka;naOj;J V

vd;gJ capnuOj;J ,t;tpuz;Lk;NrUk; NghJ khWtJ?neby;

52. gpupj;J mwpjy;1.jkf;FupaH - jkf;F + cupaH2. md;gPDk; - md;G +

559. ehybahupd; kw;nwhU rpwg;Gg;ngaHvJ?ehyb ehD}W

60. ehybahiu ,aw;wpatH ahH?rkz KdptH

61. gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F - tpsf;fk;rq;f E}y;fs; vdg;gLgit gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; vl;Lj;njhifAk;. gj;Jg;ghl;by; gj;J E}y;fSk;> vl;Lj;njhifapy; vl;L E}y;fSk; cs;sd.nkhj;jk; gjpndl;L E}y;fs;.,tw;iw Nky;fzf;F E}y;fs; vd;W$Wk; tof;fKk; cz;L.rq;f E}y;fSf;Fg;gpd; Njhd;wpaE}y;fspd; njhFg;G gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F vd;W toq;fg;gLfpwJ.,j;njhFg;gpYk; gjpndl;L E}y;fs;cs;sd. gjpndz; vd;why; gjpndl;Lvd;W nghUs;. ,e;E}y;fisf; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; vd;Wk; $WtH.gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs;ngUk;ghyhdit mwE}y;fNs

ghuj Njrk;62. MAjk; nra;Nthk; ey;y fhfpjk;

vd;w ghujNjrk; ghliyg; ghbatHahH?kfhftp ghujpahH

63. nrhw;nghUs;1. jiyrhAjy; - Xa;e;J gLj;jy;2. tz;ik - nfhil3. cOgil- tptrhak; nra;ag; gad;gLk; fUtpfs;4. Nfhzp - rhf;F

5. eil - rhiyapy; nry;Yk; tz;bfs;6. gwg;G - gwf;Fk; tpkhdk; Nghd;wit7. Qhyk; - cyfk;8. cte;J nra;Nthk; - tpUk;gpr; nra;Nthk;9. jkpo;kfs; - xsitahH10. NkytH - NkNyhH11. fPotH - fPNohH12. kw;NwhH - gpwHf;F cjTk; NeHik mw;NwhH13. newpapdpd;W - mwnewpapy; epd;W

64. jkpo;ehl;bd; Gfo;ngw;w ftpQHahH?ghujpahH

65. ghujpahH vt;thW nfhz;lhlg;gl;ltH?ghl;Lf;nfhU Gytd; ghujp

66. Rje;jug; Nghuhl;l tPuH ahH?kfhftp ghujpahH

67. kfhftp ghujpahH tho;e;j fhyk;?11.12.1882 Kjy; 11.9.1921 tiu

ciueilgwitfs; gytpjk;

68. ve ; j Cu py ; gl ; l h Nrntbg;gjpy;iy?jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;srpwpa fpuhkk; $e;jd;Fsk;

669. gwitfs; Vd; ehL tpl;L ehLgwe;J tUfpd;wd?gUtepiy khWk; NghJ

70. gUtepiy vd;why; vd;d?ntapy; kpfTk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;

71. gUtepiy ve;j khjj;jpy; Vw;gLk;?Nk khjk;

72. gUtepiy khw;wk; vd;gJ?ntapYk;> kioAk;> gdpAk; khwpkhwp tUtJ

73. gwitfs; ntapy; kw;Wk; gdp$Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ NtW,lj;jpw;F nry;tjw;F vd;d ngaH?tyir Nghjy;

74. gioafhyj;jpy; ek; Kd;NdhHfs;,d;iwf;F kio tUk; vd;Wvg;gbf; $WtH?gwitfs; ,lk; khWtij itj;Jcyfk; KOtJk; ,Ue;J gyehl;Lg; gwitfs; te;J jq;fp,Uf;Fk; ,lj;Jf;Fg; ngaH jhd;gwitfs; ruzhyak;.

75. ek; ehl;by; vj;jid gwitfs;cs;sd?Vwj;jho ,uz;lhapuj;J ehD}W

76. gwitfis vj;jid tifahfg;gpupf;fyhk;? mit ahit?Ie;J tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;1.Njidf; Fbj;J thOk; gwitfs;2.goj;ij cz;L thOk; gwitfs;3.g+r;rpiaj; jpd;W thOk; gwitfs;4.Ntl;ilahb cz;Zk; gwitfs;

5.,we;j cly;fis cz;L thOk; gwitfs;

77. rkntsp kuq;fspy; thOk; rpygwitfs; ahit?kQ;rs; rpl;L> nrq;fhfk;> Rliyf;Fapy;> gdq;fhil> J}f;fzhq;FUtp.

78. ePHepiyfspy; thOk; gwitfs;ahit?nfhf;F> jhiof;Nfhop> gtsf;fhyp>Mw;W cs;shd;> Kf;Fspg;ghd;>ehiu> mupths; %f;fd; >fuz;bthad;> Crpthy;thj;J.

79. kiyfspy; thOk; rpy gwitfs;ahit?,Uthr;rp> nre;jiyg;g+q;FUtp>kpd;rpl;L> fUQ;rpd;dhd;>ePyfpupnel ;ilf ;fhy p > nghd ;KJFkuq;nfhj;jp> rpd;df;FWthd;nfhz;il cothud;> ,uhrhspg;gUe;J> g+kd; Me;ij

80. $e;jd; Fsk; fpuhkj;J kf;fs; Vd;gl;lhR ntbf;fhkYk; Nksk;mbf;fhkYk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH.gwitfs; gae;Jtplhky; ,Uf;fjkpo; ehl;by; cs;s

gwitfs; ruzhyaq;fs;(Gfyplq;fs;):

1. Ntle;jhq;fy;2. fupf;fpsp (fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;)3. fQ;rpuq;Fsk;4. rpj;jpuq;Fb

75. Nky;nry;tD}H (,uhkehjGuk;khtl;lk;)

6. goNtw;fhL (jpUts;@H khtl;lk;)7. cjakhHj;jhz;lk; (jpUth&H

khtl;lk;)8. tLt+H (jQ;rht+H khtl;lk;)9. fiuntl;b (nguk;gY}H khtl;lk;)10. Ntl;lq;Fb (rptfq;if khtl;lk;)11. nts;NshL ( jtisfsclk;gpy; cs;s_____mjw;Fg;NghJk;.ePHr;rj;Nj.

ghk;gpdk;> cyfpy;kd pj ,dk ;Njhd;Wtjw;Fg;g j ; J f ; N f h bMz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng Njhd;wpaJ.,e;jpahtpYs;s ,uh[ehfk;jhd; cyfpNyNa kpf ePskhdeQ;Rs;s ghk;G. 15mb ePsKilaJ $Lfl;b thOk; xNu tifg;ghk;G ,J ,uh[ ehfk;> kw;wghk;GfisNa $l czthf;fpf;nfhs;Sk;. ghk;Gfspd; gw;fs;cs;Nehf;fp tise;jpUf;Fk;,iuiag; gpbj;jhy; jg;gtplhJ.ghk;Gfs; ,iuia nkd;Wj pd ; gj py ;iy . mg ; gbNatpOq;fptpLfpd;wd

87. ghk;G vjw;fhf vr;rpypy; eQ;Ritj;jpUf;fpwJ?,iuiaf; nfhy;yTk;> nrupkhdj;jpw;fhfTk;>

88. ghk;G ve;j mjpHTfis czHe;JKd;ndr;rupf;ifahf ,Uf;fpwJ..jiuapd;

89. ghk;G ahUf;F ez;gd;?tptrhapfSf;FxU ghk;igf; nfhd;why;> mjd;,izg;ghk;G gop thq;Fk; vd;Wnrhy;tJz;L. ,J cz;ikad;W.nfhy;yg;gl;l ghk;gpd; clk;gpypUe;JntspNaWk; xUtif thridj;jputpak; kw;wg; ghk;GfisAk; me;j

8,lk; Nehf;fp tutiof;fpwJ.gopthq;f> ghk;Gfs; tUtjpy;iyghk;G jd; ehf;if mbf;fbntspNa ePl;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpd;thridia mwpe;J nfhs;sj;jhd;ghk;G mt;thW nra;fpwJ.ey;y ghk;gpd; eQ;R Nfhg;uhf;rpd;(Cobrozin) vDk; typePf;fp kUe;Jjahupf;fg;gad;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpamuR tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gr;rl;lk; 1972 ,d; gb> NjhYf;fhfg;ghk;Gfs; nfhy;yg;gLtijj; jLf;frl;lk; epiwNtw;wp cs;sJ.

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;90. capH vOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?

mit ahit?gd;dpuz;L. m> M> ,> c>C> v> V> I> x> X> xs.

91. nka; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mitahit?gjpndl;L. f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;>e;> g;> k;> a;> H> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;.

92. jkpopYs;s Kjy; vOj;Jfs;nkhj;jk; vj;jid?Kg;gJ

93. md;whl Ngr;rpYk;> vOj;jpYk;> ve;jvOj;Jfs; gad;gLfpd;wd?fp> rp> gp> b> jp> kp.capnuOj;J 12nka;naOj;J 18capH nka; vOj;J 216Ma;j vOj;J 1nkhj;jk; 247

94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mitahit?Ie;J. m> ,> c> v> x

95. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; nka; vOj;Jf;fNshL NrUk; NghJ___ vOj;Jfs;cz;lhfpd;wd.capH nka;f;Fwpy;

96. neby; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mitahit?M> C> V> I> X> xs

97. neby; vOj;Jfs;> nka;naOj;Jf;fNshL NrUk; NghJ vOj;Jfs;cz;lhfpd;wd.capHnka;neby;

98. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;Lthf;fpaq;fis mikf;fTk;.1. fy; - rpw;gq;fs; fy;ypy;

nrJf;fg;gLk;2 . fhy; - Nrw;W epyj;jpy; fhiy

mOe;j Cd;wp nkJtha; elf;fNtz;Lk;

3. Fil - ntapypypUe;Jk; kioapypUe;Jk; ek;ikf; fhg;gJ> Fil

4. $il - %q;fpy;fshy; $ilfs;Kilag;gLfpd;wd

99. NrHj;J vOJf1. kzk; + cz;L = kzKz;L2. rpyH + mOthH = rpyuOthH3. Gfo; + ,oe;Njd; = Gfopoe;Njd;

100. gpupj;J vOJf1. ,Uk;ghzpfs; - ,Uk;G + Mzpfs;2. nfhy;yUiy - nfhy;yH + ciy3. Ntwpy;iy - NtW + ,y;iy

9101. ey;y jkpo;r;nrhw;fis mwpNthk;1. tha;f;fhy; - Mw;wpd; xU

rpWfpisNa tha;f;fhy; MFk;2. nra; - ed;nra; epyq;fspy;

ney;Yk; fUk;Gk; kpFjpaha;tpisAk;

3. tz;ik - nghUs; ,y;yhjtHf;Ff;nfhLf;Fk; tz;ikf;Fzk;vy;yhUf;Fk; Ntz;Lk;

4. Qhyk; - ,e;j Qhyj;jpy;cs;NshH midtUk; ek; cwtpdNu

102. gpd;tUk; epfo;TfSf;fhd fhuzj;ijf;fz;lwpe;J vOJf1. kdpjHfs; ahidia Ntl;il

ahlf; fhuzk; - je;jk;2. cyfk; ntg;gkilaf; fhuzk;

- thfdg;Gif3. MWfs; khrilaf; fhuzk; -

njhopw;rhiyf; fopT4. kio Fiwaf; fhuzk; -

fhLfs; mopg;GvOj;Jf;fSk; cwTk;

103. jd; vOj;Jld; kl;Lk; NrUk;vOj;Jfs; cldpiynka;k; kaf;fk;v.fh gf;fk;> mr;rk;

104. jd ; vOj;Jld; NruhJ gpwvOj;Jf;fSld; NrUk; vOj;Jfs;.Ntw;W epiy nka;k;kaf;fk;v.fh. rhHG> tho;f;if

,ay; 3nra;As; - ehd;kzpf;fbif

105. kidf;F tpsf;fk; klths;vd;Dk; ehd;kzpf;fbifg; ghliyghbatH ahH?tpsk;gpehfdhH

106. nrhw;nghUs;1. klths; - ngz;2. jifrhy; - gz;gpy; rpwe;j3. kdf;fpdpa - kdj;Jf;F ,dpa4. fhjy; Gjy;tH - md;Gkf;fs;5. Xjpd; - vJntd;W nrhy;Yk;

NghJ6. Gfo;rhy; - Gfioj;jUk;7. czHT - ey;nyz;zk;

107. ehd;kzpf;fbif ve;j E}y;fSs;xd;W.gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F

108. FLk;gj;jpd; tpsf;F ahH?ngz;

109. fbif vd;gJmzpfyd; ( eif)

110. ehd;kzpf;fbif vd;gjd; nghUs;.ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd;

111. ehd;kzpf;fbifapd; MrpupaH ahH?tpsk;gpehfdhH

112. tpsk;gp - CHg;ngaH@ ehfdhHvd;gJ Gytupd; ,aw;ngaH

ciueilMuhNuh MupuNuh

113. vOj;J topahf tuhky; ghbg;ghbtha;topahfg; guTfpw ghl;L vJ?ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghl;L

10

114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg;ghLk; ghl;Lf;F ngaH vd;d?jhyhl;Lg;ghly;

115. Kw;fhyj;jpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fisvt;thW $wp te;jhHfs;?fpuhkpag; ghly;fs;

116. nrd;id Nghd;w ngU efuq;fspy;kf;fs; ghLk; _____ $l ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;.fhdhg;ghly;

117. flYf;Fr; nrd;W kPd;gpbf;Fk;kPdtHfs; vd;d ghl;L ghLthHfs;.ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;

118. ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fisf; fPo;f;fhZk; tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;:jhyhl;Lg;ghly;fs;tpisahl;Lg;ghly;fs;njhopy; ghly;fs;rlq;Fg; ghly;fs;nfhz;lhl;lg; ghly;fs;topghl;Lg;ghly;fs;xg;ghupg; ghly;fs;

119. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;fhfg; ghLk; ghly;vJ?jhyhl;Lg; ghly;

120. nfhQ;rk; tsHe;j gps;isfs; ghLk;ghly; vJ?tpisahl;Lg;ghly;

121. fisg;G ePq;f> Ntiy nra;NthHghLtJ vJ?njhopy; ghly;

122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy;ghLtJ vJ?rlq;Fg; ghly;> nfhz;lhl;lg;ghly;fs;

123. rhkp Fk;gpLNthH ghLk; ghly; vJ?topghl;Lg;ghly;

124. ,we;NjhUf;Fg; ghLk; ghly; vJ?xg;ghupg;ghly;fs;

Jizg;ghlk;tPur;rpWtd;

125. kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpFe;j efuk; vJ?nfhy;fj;jhvOj;jhsH [hdfpkzhsd;vd;ghUila mwpit tsHf;Fk;mw;Gjf; fijfs; vd;Dk;E}ypy pUe ;J ,r ; r pWfijvLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

126. tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;l mk;igg;Nghyg; gha;e;J rhiyf;F te;jtHahH?tpNtfhde;jH.

127. gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; Gfo caHe;jRthkp ahH?tpNtfhde;jH

128. tpNtfhde;jupd; kWngaH vd;d?eNue;jpuehj;

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;ehl;Lg;Gwj; jkpo; mwpNthk;

129. Nfhopaf; Nfl;lh Mdk; fhr;Rthq;f...?Mdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?Fok;G

11

130. msf;Fw ehopf;F mftpiy njupAkh?ehop vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?jhdpaq;fis msf;Fk; gb

131. mftpiy vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?jhdpa tpiy

132. jpwe;j tPl;Lf;Fj; jpwTNfhy; vJf;F?jpwTNfhy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?rhtp

133. xw;W vdg;gLtJ ahJ?nka;naOj;J

134. xw;nwOj;ijr; NrHj;J vOJfghliy+nrhd;Ndd; = ghliyr;nrhd;Ndd;flTis+fz;Nld; = flTisf;fz;Nld;goj;ij+jpd;Nwd; = goj;ijj;jpd;Nwd;fz;zDf ;F+nfhLj ;Njd ; =fz;zDf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd;kJiuf ;F+nry ; Nthk ; =kJiuf;Fr; nry;Nthk;

135. rupahd nrhw;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jr;nrhw;nwhliu epug;Gq;fs;.1. ky;ypif ______ tPrpaJ2. g+kpia ______ tUNtd;3. ______gJq;fpg;ghAk;4. Kfj;jpy;______KWty; Ntz;Lk;5. eha; ______ epkpuhJ1. kzk;> 2. tyk;> 3. Gyp>4. Gd;> 5.thy;

136. jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit ahit?jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;1. ngaHr;nrhy;

2. tpidr;nrhy;3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. cupr;nrhy;

137. nry;tp te;jhs; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupy;ngaHr;nrhy; vJ? tpidr;nrhy;vJ?nry;tp vd;gJ ngaHr;nrhy;te;jhs; vd;gJ tpidr;nrhy;

138. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspy;cs;s ngaHr;nrhy;fisAk; tpidr;nrhw;fisAk; Rl;Lf.

ngaHr; tpidr;nrhy; nrhy;

1. kuk; MbaJ kuk; MbaJ2. ,UtH ghbdH ,UtH ghbdH3. nra;jp guTk; nra;jp guTk;4. Fkud; tUfpwhd; Fkud; tUfpwhd;

139. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspd;nghUj;jkhd ngaHr;nrhy;iy ,l;Lepug;Gf.1. ______ J}q;fpdhd;2. ______ g+j;jJ3. ______ fpupf;nfl;by; ntw;wpngw;wJ4. ______ mOjhs;tpil: 1. ghz;bad; 2) ky;ypif>3) ,e;jpah 4) kzpNkfiy

140. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspy;nghUj;jkhd tpidr;nrhy;iy,l;L epug;Gf.1. $l;lk; ______2. Me;ij ______3. tpd;nrd;l; ghlk; ______4. KfkJ jz;zPH ______

12

tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ3.gbj;jhd; 4.gUfpdhd;.

141. tha;nkhopahf tpil $Wf.(Mk;my;yJ ,y;iy)eNue;jpuehj; Jzpr;ry; kpf;ftd;(Mk;> ,y;iy)Mk;

,ay; - 4nra;As; - ,iraKJ

142. kioNa kioNa th th vd;w,iraKJ vd;w ghliy vOjpatHahH?Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrd;

143. nrhw;nghUs;1. thdg;Gdy; - thdj;J ePH2. Gdy; - ePH3. itaj;J mKJ - g+kpapd; mKjk;4. itak; - cyfk;>g+kp5. jfug;ge;jy; - jfuj;jpy; Nghlg;

gl;l ge;jy;6. nghb - kfue;jg;nghb7. jio - nrb8. jioahntg;gk; - ngUFk; ntg;gk;

Fiwahj ntg;gk; vd;Wk;nghUs; nfhs;syhk;

9. jiof;fTk; - FiwaTk;144. Gul;rpf; ftpQH vd;Wk; ghNte;jH

vd;Wk; Gfog;gLgtH ahH?ghujpjhrd;

145. ghujpjhrd; vd;gtupd; ,aw;ngaH?fdfRg;Guj;jpdk;

146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;lfhjyhy; jk;Kila ngaiukhw;wpf;nfhz;ltH ahH?ghujpjhrd;

147. fdf Rg;Guj;jpd ftpij E}y;fs;?1. ghz;bad; gupR2. mofpd;rpupg;G3. FLk;gtpsf;F

148. Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrdpd; tho;e;jfhyk;.29.4.1891 Kjy; 21.4.1964 tiu

gonkhop ehD}W149. Mw;wTk; fw;whH mwpTilahH

vd;w gonkhop ehD}W ghliyghbatH ahH?Kd;Wiw miuadhH

150. Nghjpa E}y;fis epiwthff;fw;wtH ahH?mwpTilahH

151. mwpTilahupd; Gfo; ve;j jpirfspy;guTk;?ehd;F jpirfspYk;

152. nrhw;nghUs;1. Mw;wTk; - epiwthf2. ehw;wpir - ehd;F+jpir3. jkNtahk; - jk;Kila ehNl

MFk;4. Mw;Wzh - MW+czh5. MW - top6. czh - czT (topeilczT ,jidf; fl;Lr;NrhWvd;W ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrhy;Nthk;)

13

153. gonkhop ehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs;xd;W.gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;

154. ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y;vJ?gonkhop ehD}W

155. gonkhop ehD}W vd;Dk; ghlypy;tUk; gonkhop Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ,y; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?fw ;wtDf;Ff ; fl ;Lr ;NrhWNtz;lhk;

156. gonkhop ehD}w;wpd; MrpupaH ahH?Kd;Wiw miuadhH

157. Kd;Wiw vd;gJ vd;d?CHg;ngaH

158. miuad; vd;w nrhy; ___ Fwpf;Fk;muridf;

159. Mw;Wzh - MW + czhciueil

kfs; ,e;jpuhTf;FNeU vOjpa fbjk;

160. ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhfg; ghLgl;l jiytHfspy; xUtH[tfHyhy; NeU

161. ek; ehL tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; Kjy;gpujkuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wtH ahH?[tfHyhy; NeU

162. [tfHyhy; NeUtpd; md;G kfs; ahH?,e;jpuh fhe;jp

163. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;Ff; fbjq;fisvj;jid Mz;Lfs; NeU vOjpf;nfhz;bUe;jhH?

1922 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1964Mk; Mz;L tiu 42 Mz;Lfs;fbjq;fs; vOjpdhH.

164. NeU ntspehL nrd;w nghOJk;,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j nghOJk;ahUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhH?kfs; ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F

165. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp ve;j fy;Y}upy; NrUk;NghJ NeU fbjk; vOjpdhH?jh$upd; tpRtghujp fy;Y}up

166. tpRtghujp ve;j ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ?Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy;

167. NeU ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;gapd;whH?Nfk;gpupl;[;

168. mw;Gjkhd Mq;fpyg;gilg;ghspfs;ahH?Nrf;];gpaH> kpy;ld;

169. Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wp NeU> ,e;jpuhfhe;jpaplk; $wpaJ?gpNsl;Nlhtpd; Gj;jfq;fs; Ritahdit@ rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lgit

170. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp NeUtplk; ve;j ehtiythrpf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhH?lhy ;] ;lha pd ; NghUk ;mikjpAk;

171. cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j E}y;fSs; xd;W.lhy;];lhapd; NghUk; mikjpAk;

172. ehk; Vd; Gj;jfk; thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;?mwpT ngWtjw;fhf> kfpo;r;rpmiltjw;fhf.

173. Nfk;gpupl;[; - ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;sgy;fiyf;fofk;

14

174. Nrf;];gpaH Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH175. kpy;ld; - Mq;fpyf;ftpQH176. gpNsl;Nlh - fpNuf;fr; rpe;jidahsH177. fhspjhrH - tlnkhop ehlf MrpupaH178. lhy;];lha; - ,u\;a ehl;L vOj;jhsH179. ngHdhHl;\h - Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH180. ngl;uz;l; u];]y; - rpe;jidahsH:

fy;tpahsH181. my;Nkhuh rpiw - cj;juhQ;ry;

khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ182. fpUgshdp - tpRtghujpapy; gzpGupe;j

xU NguhrpupaH,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;

183. kuKk; jioAk; vd;w njhlupy;jio vd;gJ ______ Fwpj;jJnrbnfhbiaf;

184. MW vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fj;jhd;vj;jid nghUs;fs;?MW - XH vz;(6)MW - ejpMW - top

185. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ vd;d?,ul;il vd;why; ,uz;Lfpstp vd;why; nrhy;

186. ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;F v.fh jUf?jz jz> fz fz

187. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;GfPNo fhz;Nghk;xw;iwf;nfhk;G Fwpy;r; + v + nr = nrb,ul;ilf;nfhk;G - neby;t; + V + Nt = Nty;

xw;iwf;nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J Fwpy;g; + x + ngh = nghUs;,ul;ilf; nfhk;G Jiz vOj;Jneby;j; + X + Njh = Njhy;tp

188. NeUtpd; JiztpahH ngaH vd;d?fkyh NeU

189. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F NeU ve;j ,lj;jpy;,Ue;J fbjj;ij vOjpdhH.NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F> my;Nkhuhkhtl;lr; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;JvOjpdhH.

190. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofk;vJ? mJ vq;Fs;sJ?,e;jpuhfhe;jp Mf;];NghHL gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gbj;jhH> ,q;fpyhe;jpy;cs;sJ.

191. NeU ,e ;j paj ; j pUehl ;bd ;tpLjiyf;fhf> ve;j Mz;by;gy;NtW tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;

8,lk; Nehf;fp tutiof;fpwJ.gopthq;f> ghk;Gfs; tUtjpy;iyghk;G jd; ehf;if mbf;fbntspNa ePl;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpd;thridia mwpe;J nfhs;sj;jhd;ghk;G mt;thW nra;fpwJ.ey;y ghk;gpd; eQ;R Nfhg;uhf;rpd;(Cobrozin) vDk; typePf;fp kUe;Jjahupf;fg;gad;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpamuR tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gr;rl;lk; 1972 ,d; gb> NjhYf;fhfg;ghk;Gfs; nfhy;yg;gLtijj; jLf;frl;lk; epiwNtw;wp cs;sJ.

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;90. capH vOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?

mit ahit?gd;dpuz;L. m> M> ,> c>C> v> V> I> x> X> xs.

91. nka; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mitahit?gjpndl;L. f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;>e;> g;> k;> a;> H> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;.

92. jkpopYs;s Kjy; vOj;Jfs;nkhj;jk; vj;jid?Kg;gJ

93. md;whl Ngr;rpYk;> vOj;jpYk;> ve;jvOj;Jfs; gad;gLfpd;wd?fp> rp> gp> b> jp> kp.capnuOj;J 12nka;naOj;J 18capH nka; vOj;J 216Ma;j vOj;J 1nkhj;jk; 247

94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mitahit?Ie;J. m> ,> c> v> x

95. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; nka; vOj;Jf;fNshL NrUk; NghJ___ vOj;Jfs;cz;lhfpd;wd.capH nka;f;Fwpy;

96. neby; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mitahit?M> C> V> I> X> xs

97. neby; vOj;Jfs;> nka;naOj;Jf;fNshL NrUk; NghJ vOj;Jfs;cz;lhfpd;wd.capHnka;neby;

98. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;Lthf;fpaq;fis mikf;fTk;.1. fy; - rpw;gq;fs; fy;ypy;

nrJf;fg;gLk;2 . fhy; - Nrw;W epyj;jpy; fhiy

mOe;j Cd;wp nkJtha; elf;fNtz;Lk;

3. Fil - ntapypypUe;Jk; kioapypUe;Jk; ek;ikf; fhg;gJ> Fil

4. $il - %q;fpy;fshy; $ilfs;Kilag;gLfpd;wd

99. NrHj;J vOJf1. kzk; + cz;L = kzKz;L2. rpyH + mOthH = rpyuOthH3. Gfo; + ,oe;Njd; = Gfopoe;Njd;

100. gpupj;J vOJf1. ,Uk;ghzpfs; - ,Uk;G + Mzpfs;2. nfhy;yUiy - nfhy;yH + ciy3. Ntwpy;iy - NtW + ,y;iy

9101. ey;y jkpo;r;nrhw;fis mwpNthk;1. tha;f;fhy; - Mw;wpd; xU

rpWfpisNa tha;f;fhy; MFk;2. nra; - ed;nra; epyq;fspy;

ney;Yk; fUk;Gk; kpFjpaha;tpisAk;

3. tz;ik - nghUs; ,y;yhjtHf;Ff;nfhLf;Fk; tz;ikf;Fzk;vy;yhUf;Fk; Ntz;Lk;

4. Qhyk; - ,e;j Qhyj;jpy;cs;NshH midtUk; ek; cwtpdNu

102. gpd;tUk; epfo;TfSf;fhd fhuzj;ijf;fz;lwpe;J vOJf1. kdpjHfs; ahidia Ntl;il

ahlf; fhuzk; - je;jk;2. cyfk; ntg;gkilaf; fhuzk;

- thfdg;Gif3. MWfs; khrilaf; fhuzk; -

njhopw;rhiyf; fopT4. kio Fiwaf; fhuzk; -

fhLfs; mopg;GvOj;Jf;fSk; cwTk;

103. jd; vOj;Jld; kl;Lk; NrUk;vOj;Jfs; cldpiynka;k; kaf;fk;v.fh gf;fk;> mr;rk;

104. jd ; vOj;Jld; NruhJ gpwvOj;Jf;fSld; NrUk; vOj;Jfs;.Ntw;W epiy nka;k;kaf;fk;v.fh. rhHG> tho;f;if

,ay; 3nra;As; - ehd;kzpf;fbif

105. kidf;F tpsf;fk; klths;vd;Dk; ehd;kzpf;fbifg; ghliyghbatH ahH?tpsk;gpehfdhH

106. nrhw;nghUs;1. klths; - ngz;2. jifrhy; - gz;gpy; rpwe;j3. kdf;fpdpa - kdj;Jf;F ,dpa4. fhjy; Gjy;tH - md;Gkf;fs;5. Xjpd; - vJntd;W nrhy;Yk;

NghJ6. Gfo;rhy; - Gfioj;jUk;7. czHT - ey;nyz;zk;

107. ehd;kzpf;fbif ve;j E}y;fSs;xd;W.gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F

108. FLk;gj;jpd; tpsf;F ahH?ngz;

109. fbif vd;gJmzpfyd; ( eif)

110. ehd;kzpf;fbif vd;gjd; nghUs;.ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd;

111. ehd;kzpf;fbifapd; MrpupaH ahH?tpsk;gpehfdhH

112. tpsk;gp - CHg;ngaH@ ehfdhHvd;gJ Gytupd; ,aw;ngaH

ciueilMuhNuh MupuNuh

113. vOj;J topahf tuhky; ghbg;ghbtha;topahfg; guTfpw ghl;L vJ?ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghl;L

10

114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg;ghLk; ghl;Lf;F ngaH vd;d?jhyhl;Lg;ghly;

115. Kw;fhyj;jpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fisvt;thW $wp te;jhHfs;?fpuhkpag; ghly;fs;

116. nrd;id Nghd;w ngU efuq;fspy;kf;fs; ghLk; _____ $l ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;.fhdhg;ghly;

117. flYf;Fr; nrd;W kPd;gpbf;Fk;kPdtHfs; vd;d ghl;L ghLthHfs;.ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;

118. ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fisf; fPo;f;fhZk; tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;:jhyhl;Lg;ghly;fs;tpisahl;Lg;ghly;fs;njhopy; ghly;fs;rlq;Fg; ghly;fs;nfhz;lhl;lg; ghly;fs;topghl;Lg;ghly;fs;xg;ghupg; ghly;fs;

119. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;fhfg; ghLk; ghly;vJ?jhyhl;Lg; ghly;

120. nfhQ;rk; tsHe;j gps;isfs; ghLk;ghly; vJ?tpisahl;Lg;ghly;

121. fisg;G ePq;f> Ntiy nra;NthHghLtJ vJ?njhopy; ghly;

122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy;ghLtJ vJ?rlq;Fg; ghly;> nfhz;lhl;lg;ghly;fs;

123. rhkp Fk;gpLNthH ghLk; ghly; vJ?topghl;Lg;ghly;

124. ,we;NjhUf;Fg; ghLk; ghly; vJ?xg;ghupg;ghly;fs;

Jizg;ghlk;tPur;rpWtd;

125. kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpFe;j efuk; vJ?nfhy;fj;jhvOj;jhsH [hdfpkzhsd;vd;ghUila mwpit tsHf;Fk;mw;Gjf; fijfs; vd;Dk;E}ypy pUe ;J ,r ; r pWfijvLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

126. tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;l mk;igg;Nghyg; gha;e;J rhiyf;F te;jtHahH?tpNtfhde;jH.

127. gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; Gfo caHe;jRthkp ahH?tpNtfhde;jH

128. tpNtfhde;jupd; kWngaH vd;d?eNue;jpuehj;

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;ehl;Lg;Gwj; jkpo; mwpNthk;

129. Nfhopaf; Nfl;lh Mdk; fhr;Rthq;f...?Mdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?Fok;G

11

130. msf;Fw ehopf;F mftpiy njupAkh?ehop vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?jhdpaq;fis msf;Fk; gb

131. mftpiy vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?jhdpa tpiy

132. jpwe;j tPl;Lf;Fj; jpwTNfhy; vJf;F?jpwTNfhy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?rhtp

133. xw;W vdg;gLtJ ahJ?nka;naOj;J

134. xw;nwOj;ijr; NrHj;J vOJfghliy+nrhd;Ndd; = ghliyr;nrhd;Ndd;flTis+fz;Nld; = flTisf;fz;Nld;goj;ij+jpd;Nwd; = goj;ijj;jpd;Nwd;fz;zDf ;F+nfhLj ;Njd ; =fz;zDf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd;kJiuf ;F+nry ; Nthk ; =kJiuf;Fr; nry;Nthk;

135. rupahd nrhw;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jr;nrhw;nwhliu epug;Gq;fs;.1. ky;ypif ______ tPrpaJ2. g+kpia ______ tUNtd;3. ______gJq;fpg;ghAk;4. Kfj;jpy;______KWty; Ntz;Lk;5. eha; ______ epkpuhJ1. kzk;> 2. tyk;> 3. Gyp>4. Gd;> 5.thy;

136. jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit ahit?jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;1. ngaHr;nrhy;

2. tpidr;nrhy;3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. cupr;nrhy;

137. nry;tp te;jhs; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupy;ngaHr;nrhy; vJ? tpidr;nrhy;vJ?nry;tp vd;gJ ngaHr;nrhy;te;jhs; vd;gJ tpidr;nrhy;

138. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspy;cs;s ngaHr;nrhy;fisAk; tpidr;nrhw;fisAk; Rl;Lf.

ngaHr; tpidr;nrhy; nrhy;

1. kuk; MbaJ kuk; MbaJ2. ,UtH ghbdH ,UtH ghbdH3. nra;jp guTk; nra;jp guTk;4. Fkud; tUfpwhd; Fkud; tUfpwhd;

139. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspd;nghUj;jkhd ngaHr;nrhy;iy ,l;Lepug;Gf.1. ______ J}q;fpdhd;2. ______ g+j;jJ3. ______ fpupf;nfl;by; ntw;wpngw;wJ4. ______ mOjhs;tpil: 1. ghz;bad; 2) ky;ypif>3) ,e;jpah 4) kzpNkfiy

140. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspy;nghUj;jkhd tpidr;nrhy;iy,l;L epug;Gf.1. $l;lk; ______2. Me;ij ______3. tpd;nrd;l; ghlk; ______4. KfkJ jz;zPH ______

12

tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ3.gbj;jhd; 4.gUfpdhd;.

141. tha;nkhopahf tpil $Wf.(Mk;my;yJ ,y;iy)eNue;jpuehj; Jzpr;ry; kpf;ftd;(Mk;> ,y;iy)Mk;

,ay; - 4nra;As; - ,iraKJ

142. kioNa kioNa th th vd;w,iraKJ vd;w ghliy vOjpatHahH?Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrd;

143. nrhw;nghUs;1. thdg;Gdy; - thdj;J ePH2. Gdy; - ePH3. itaj;J mKJ - g+kpapd; mKjk;4. itak; - cyfk;>g+kp5. jfug;ge;jy; - jfuj;jpy; Nghlg;

gl;l ge;jy;6. nghb - kfue;jg;nghb7. jio - nrb8. jioahntg;gk; - ngUFk; ntg;gk;

Fiwahj ntg;gk; vd;Wk;nghUs; nfhs;syhk;

9. jiof;fTk; - FiwaTk;144. Gul;rpf; ftpQH vd;Wk; ghNte;jH

vd;Wk; Gfog;gLgtH ahH?ghujpjhrd;

145. ghujpjhrd; vd;gtupd; ,aw;ngaH?fdfRg;Guj;jpdk;

146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;lfhjyhy; jk;Kila ngaiukhw;wpf;nfhz;ltH ahH?ghujpjhrd;

147. fdf Rg;Guj;jpd ftpij E}y;fs;?1. ghz;bad; gupR2. mofpd;rpupg;G3. FLk;gtpsf;F

148. Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrdpd; tho;e;jfhyk;.29.4.1891 Kjy; 21.4.1964 tiu

gonkhop ehD}W149. Mw;wTk; fw;whH mwpTilahH

vd;w gonkhop ehD}W ghliyghbatH ahH?Kd;Wiw miuadhH

150. Nghjpa E}y;fis epiwthff;fw;wtH ahH?mwpTilahH

151. mwpTilahupd; Gfo; ve;j jpirfspy;guTk;?ehd;F jpirfspYk;

152. nrhw;nghUs;1. Mw;wTk; - epiwthf2. ehw;wpir - ehd;F+jpir3. jkNtahk; - jk;Kila ehNl

MFk;4. Mw;Wzh - MW+czh5. MW - top6. czh - czT (topeilczT ,jidf; fl;Lr;NrhWvd;W ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrhy;Nthk;)

13

153. gonkhop ehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs;xd;W.gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;

154. ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y;vJ?gonkhop ehD}W

155. gonkhop ehD}W vd;Dk; ghlypy;tUk; gonkhop Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ,y; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?fw ;wtDf;Ff ; fl ;Lr ;NrhWNtz;lhk;

156. gonkhop ehD}w;wpd; MrpupaH ahH?Kd;Wiw miuadhH

157. Kd;Wiw vd;gJ vd;d?CHg;ngaH

158. miuad; vd;w nrhy; ___ Fwpf;Fk;muridf;

159. Mw;Wzh - MW + czhciueil

kfs; ,e;jpuhTf;FNeU vOjpa fbjk;

160. ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhfg; ghLgl;l jiytHfspy; xUtH[tfHyhy; NeU

161. ek; ehL tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; Kjy;gpujkuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wtH ahH?[tfHyhy; NeU

162. [tfHyhy; NeUtpd; md;G kfs; ahH?,e;jpuh fhe;jp

163. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;Ff; fbjq;fisvj;jid Mz;Lfs; NeU vOjpf;nfhz;bUe;jhH?

1922 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1964Mk; Mz;L tiu 42 Mz;Lfs;fbjq;fs; vOjpdhH.

164. NeU ntspehL nrd;w nghOJk;,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j nghOJk;ahUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhH?kfs; ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F

165. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp ve;j fy;Y}upy; NrUk;NghJ NeU fbjk; vOjpdhH?jh$upd; tpRtghujp fy;Y}up

166. tpRtghujp ve;j ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ?Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy;

167. NeU ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;gapd;whH?Nfk;gpupl;[;

168. mw;Gjkhd Mq;fpyg;gilg;ghspfs;ahH?Nrf;];gpaH> kpy;ld;

169. Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wp NeU> ,e;jpuhfhe;jpaplk; $wpaJ?gpNsl;Nlhtpd; Gj;jfq;fs; Ritahdit@ rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lgit

170. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp NeUtplk; ve;j ehtiythrpf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhH?lhy ;] ;lha pd ; NghUk ;mikjpAk;

171. cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j E}y;fSs; xd;W.lhy;];lhapd; NghUk; mikjpAk;

172. ehk; Vd; Gj;jfk; thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;?mwpT ngWtjw;fhf> kfpo;r;rpmiltjw;fhf.

173. Nfk;gpupl;[; - ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;sgy;fiyf;fofk;

14

174. Nrf;];gpaH Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH175. kpy;ld; - Mq;fpyf;ftpQH176. gpNsl;Nlh - fpNuf;fr; rpe;jidahsH177. fhspjhrH - tlnkhop ehlf MrpupaH178. lhy;];lha; - ,u\;a ehl;L vOj;jhsH179. ngHdhHl;\h - Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH180. ngl;uz;l; u];]y; - rpe;jidahsH:

fy;tpahsH181. my;Nkhuh rpiw - cj;juhQ;ry;

khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ182. fpUgshdp - tpRtghujpapy; gzpGupe;j

xU NguhrpupaH,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;

183. kuKk; jioAk; vd;w njhlupy;jio vd;gJ ______ Fwpj;jJnrbnfhbiaf;

184. MW vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fj;jhd;vj;jid nghUs;fs;?MW - XH vz;(6)MW - ejpMW - top

185. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ vd;d?,ul;il vd;why; ,uz;Lfpstp vd;why; nrhy;

186. ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;F v.fh jUf?jz jz> fz fz

187. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;GfPNo fhz;Nghk;xw;iwf;nfhk;G Fwpy;r; + v + nr = nrb,ul;ilf;nfhk;G - neby;t; + V + Nt = Nty;

xw;iwf;nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J Fwpy;g; + x + ngh = nghUs;,ul;ilf; nfhk;G Jiz vOj;Jneby;j; + X + Njh = Njhy;tp

188. NeUtpd; JiztpahH ngaH vd;d?fkyh NeU

189. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F NeU ve;j ,lj;jpy;,Ue;J fbjj;ij vOjpdhH.NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F> my;Nkhuhkhtl;lr; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;JvOjpdhH.

190. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofk;vJ? mJ vq;Fs;sJ?,e;jpuhfhe;jp Mf;];NghHL gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gbj;jhH> ,q;fpyhe;jpy;cs;sJ.

191. NeU ,e ;j paj ; j pUehl ;bd ;tpLjiyf;fhf> ve;j Mz;by;gy;NtW tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;

15

,ay;-5nra;As; - rpj;jH

ghly;194. itNjhiu $l itahNj vd;w

rpj;jH ghly; ghbatH ahH?fLntspr;rpj;jH

195. nrhw;nghUs;1.nta;a tpid - Jd;gk; jUk; nray;2 Ntk;G - frg;ghdnrhw;fs;@3. tPwhg;G - ,Wkhg;G4. gyupy; - gyH + ,y;> gyUilatPLfs;5. Gfy; xz;zhNj - nry;yhNj6. rhw;Wk; - Gfo;r;rpahfg; NgRtJ@7. flk; - clk;G

196. rpj;jHfs; vj;jid Mz;LfSf;FKd; jkpofj;jpd; fhL kiyfspy;tho;e;jtHfs;.RkhH ehD}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;

197. rpj;jHfspd; fhuzg;ngaHfs; ahJ?ghk;ghl;br;rpj;jH> Fjk;igr;rpj;jH>mOFzpr;rpj;jH.

198. cUt topghL nra;ahky; ntl;lntspiaNa flTshf topgl;ltHahH?fLntspr;rpj;jH

199. vspa nrhw;fspd; mwpTiufisr;nrhd;dtH ahH?fLntspr;rpj;jH

ciueil,sikapy; ngupahH Nfl;l

Nfs;tp

200. ,uhkrhkpapd; ngw;Nwhu; ngaHvd;d?ntq ;flg ; gUf ;Fk ; - r pd ;dj ;jhak;khs;

201. nrhe;jkhfr; rpe;jpj;Jg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s epidf;fpwtH ahH?,uhkrhkp

202. ,uhkrhkpapd; CH vJ?

16

211. fs;Sf;fil kwpaypy; jdJ Njhspy; fjHj;Jzpfisr; Rke;J tpw;wtH ahH?ngupahH

216. Nfushtpy; ve;j Cupy; jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fs; Nfhtpy; Rw;Wj;njUtpy;elg;gjw;Fj; jil ,Ue;jJ.itf;fk;

217. jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhf itf;fk;vd;Dk; Cupy; ngupahH Nghuhbntw;wp ngw;wjhy; kf;fs; vt;thWmioj;jdH?itf;fk; tPuH

218. ngupahH vy;yhUf;Fk; vJ mtrpak;vd;whH?fy;tp

219. ngz;fSf;F vd;d Kf;fpak; vd;WngupahH $wpdhH?mwpTk;> RakupahijAk;

220. jha;khHfs; ,uhkrhkpf;F vd;dgl;lk; toq;fpdhHfs;?ngupahH

221. ngz; tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd; ngz;fs;fy ;t p fw ;fNtz;Lk ; vd ;WtypAWj;jpatH ahH?ngupahH

222. ng u pa h H ngz ;fis ve ; jtpisahl;Lf;fisf; fw;Wf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;whH?ky;Aj;jk;> Fj;Jr;rz;il

223. ngupahH ve;j murhq;fg;gzpapy;ngz;fSk; NruNtz;Lk; vd;whH.,uhZtk;> fhty;Jiw

224. ngupahH ve;j tajpYk; $lg; Gjparpe;jidfis vLj;Jf;$wpdhH?njhz;Z}w;iwe;J taJ

225. ngupahH ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH?17.09.1879 ,y; gpwe;jhH.

226. ngupahH ve;j Mz;L kiwe;jhH?24.12.1973

227. ngupahH jk; tho;ehspy; 8600ehs;fs;> 13>12>000 fpNyh kPl;lHJ}uk; gazk; nra;J> 10>700$l;lq;fspy; 21>400 kzp Neuk;kf;fSf;fhf ciuahw;wpr; r%fj;njhz;lhw;wpdhH.

228. 1970 Mk; Mz;L r%fr;rPHjpUj;jr;nray;ghLfSf;fhf If;fpaehLfs;mitapy; ve;j tpUJ ngupahUf;Ftoq;fg;gl;lJ.And];Nfh tpUJ

17

229. ve ;j Mz;L eLtz; muRngupahupd; cUtk; nghwpj;jmQ;ry; jiyia ntspapl;Lr;rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.1978 Mk; Mz;L

,yf;fzk;230. gpiofs;

1 ) xw;Wg;gpiofs;flikia nra;@ gyidNfs;kurhkhd;fs; thliff;F fpilf;Fk;2) Fwpy; neby; gpiofs;rhg;ghL jhahHgs;spf;Flk; mUfpy; cs;sJ3) JiznaOj;Jg; gpiofs; (n>N> d;)kUj;Jtkd ghFk; thop,q;F gl;L rhy;ypj; jug;ghLk;4 ) kaq;nfhypg; gpio,Urf;fu thfdk; gYJ ghHf;fg;gLk;jpdrup gfs; fhl;rp cz;L.

231. kWj;jy;fSf;Ff; Fwpg;G1. kWj;jy; vd;gJ mfk;ghtk; ,y;iy2. kWj;jy; vd;gJ gzpahik md;W3. jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis kWj;jhy;jhd; ehk; tsu KbAk;4 . Jzpr ;ry pd ; milahsk ;jtwhdtw;iw kWg;gJ5. %lek;gpf;iffis kWg;gJKd;Ndw;wk;6. kWg;gJ ngz;Zf;Fg; ghJfhg;G7. kWj;jy; miu Fiwahf ,Ue;Jgad; ,y;iy@ cWjpahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

,ay;-6nra;As; - GwehD}W

232. ehlhF xd;Nwh@ fhlhF xd;Nwhvd;w GwehD}w;Wg; ghliyg;ghbatH ahH?xsitahH

233. nrhw;nghUs;1. xd;Nwh - njhlUk; nrhy;2. ehlhF xd;Nwh - ehlhf ,Ue;jhy;vd;d my;yJ.... vdj; njhlUk;3. mty; - gs;sk;4. kpir - NkL5. ey;iy - ed;whf ,Ug;gha;@6. MltH - Mz;fs; (,q;F kdpjHfisg; nghJthff; Fwpj;jJ)

234. GwehD}W- ,ijg; gpupj;J vOJfGwk; + ehd;F + E}W

235. GwehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W?vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fs;

236. E}y;Fwpg;G,e;E}y; GytH gyH ,aw;wpaghly;fspd; njhFg;G. vl;Lj;njhifAk; gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; rq;f E}y;fSk;rq;f ,yf;fpak; gz;ghL Mfpatw;iw mwpacjTk; E}yhfg; GwehD}W jpfo;fpwJ.

237. xsitahH ahH?rq;fg;GytH

238. xsitahupd; ez;gd; ahH?mjpakhd;

239. xsitahH mupaney;ypf;fdpiaahuplk; ngw;wtH?mjpakhdplk;

18

240. MrpupaH Fwpg;G:-rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngz; ftpQH gyH,Ue;jdH mtHfSs; kpFjpahdghly;fs; ghbatH xsitahH.rq;fg;ghly; ghba xsitahUk;>Mj;jp#b ghba xsitahUk;xUtH my;yH@ NtW NtwhdtH.

GJf;ftpijjpz;izia ,bj;Jj;

njUthf;F!241. cl;fhH ez;gh> eye;jhdh? eP

xJq;fp tho;tJ rupjhdh? vd;wghlypd; MrpupaH ahH?jhuhghujp

242. ve;jf; ftpQH vOr;rpkpf;f ftpijfs;vOJtjpy; ty;ytH?ftpQH jhuhghujp

243. jkpof murpd; ey;yhrpupaH tpUJngw;wtH ahH?jhuhghujp

244. jhuhghujp ftpijfs; ______Kjypad ,tHjk; E}y;fSs; rpy.Gjpa tpbay;fs;> ,J vq;fs; fpof;F

245. jhuhghujp tho;e;j fhyk;26.02.1947 Kjy; 13.05.2000 tiu

ciueilNjrpak; fhj;j nrk;ky;

246. mbikj;jis ePq;ff; fz;zPUk;nre;ePUk; rpe;jpNahH ahH?jkpofj;jpy; Rg;gpukzpa rpth>t>Nt.R. IaH> fg;gNyhl;ba jkpod;t.crp.> thQ;rpehjd;> jpUg;g+H

Fkud;> KjypNahH gRk;nghd;Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH

247. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH ve;jkhtl;lj;jpy; gpwe;jhH?,uhkehjGuk;

248. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; Njtupd; CH?gRk;nghd;

249. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;j Mz;L>ehspy; gpwe;jhH?1908 Mk; Mz;L mf;NlhgHj;jpq;fs; 30 Mk; ehs;

250. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtupd; ngw;NwhHahH?jpU. cf;fpughz;bj;NjtH>jpUkjp. ,e;jpuhzp mk;ikahH.

251. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; Njtupd; MrpupaHahH?Fiwtw thrpj;jhd; gps;is

252. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH njhlf;ff;fy;tpia _____ fKjpapYs;snjhlf;fg; gs;spapy; ngw;whH.fpwpj;Jtg; ghjpupahHfsplk;

253. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH ve;j ve;jg;gs;spfspy; gbj;jhH?1. caHepiyg;gs;sp gRkiyapy;gapd;whH.2. If;fpaf; fpwpj;Jtg; gs;spapy;3. ,uhkehjGuk; muR caHepiyg;gs;spapy; gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; gbj;jhH.

254. ,uhkehjGuj;jpy; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ ve;j Neha; gutpKj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH fy;tpepd;wJ.

19

gpNsf; Neha;255. ,uhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;jg; gl;lwpit

kpFjpahfg; ngw;whH?gs;spg;gbg;G epd;whYk; Nfs;tpawpitAk; gl;lwpitAk;

256. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;j ,Unkhopfspy; ty;yik ngw;wtH?jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;

257. jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; nkhopfspy; _____jpwd; ngw;wtH.nrhw;nghopthw;Wk; jpwd;

258. ,uhkypq ;fj ; NjtH vjidfw;wwpe;jhH?rpyk;gk;> FjpiuVw;wk;> Jg;ghf;fpr;RLjy;> Nrhjplk;> kUj;Jtk;.

259. ,sikapNyNa _______ MHtq;nfhz;lhH.murpaypy;

260. ,sik Kjw;nfhz;Nl nghJj;njhz;by; 3). jkpo;j;njd;wy;>4).chpik Ntl;if> 5). KUfd;my;yJ moF> 6).rPh ;jpUj;jk;my;yJ ,sik tpUe;J> 7) .nghJik Ntl;ly;.

9) jpU.tp.f mth;fs; tho;e;j fhyk; vd;d?26.08.1883 - 17.09.1953

10) jpU.tp.f ,aw;wpa tho;j;Jg; ghly;ve;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ?nghJik Ntl;ly;