6th set full text

8/17/2019 6th Set Full Text

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INDEPENDENT CIVIL ACTION (ART. 30 & 31, CC;

RULE 111(3) ROC)

[G.R. No. 129282. November 29, 2001]

DMPI EMPLOYEES CREDIT COOPERATIE,

INC., !DMPI"ECCI#, petitioner , vs. $ON.

ALE%ANDRO M. ELE&, '( Pre()*)+

%-*e o /e RTC, M)('m)( Or)e+/', r. 20,

'+* ERIERTA ILLEGAS, respondents.

D E C I S I O N

PARDO, J .3

Te C'(e

In this speci! ci"i! cti#n $#% certiorari, petiti#ne%

DPI E'p!#ees C%eit C##pe%ti"e, Inc. (DPI*

ECCI) see+s the nn!'ent #$ the #%e% -1 #$ the

Re/i#n! T%i! C#%t, is'is O%ient!, %nch 0,

/%ntin/ the '#ti#n $#% %ec#nsie%ti#n #$ %esp#nent

E%i2e%t Vi!!e/s, n ths %e"e%sin/ the p%e"i#s

is'iss! #$ Ci"i! Cse N#. CV*4*14.

Te 4'5/(

On 5e2%% 16, 14, the p%#sectin/ tt#%ne

$i!e 7ith the Re/i#n! T%i! C#%t, is'is O%ient!,

%nch 38, n in$#%'ti#n $#% est$- /inst C%'en

n7e $#% !!e/e $i!%e t# cc#nt t# %esp#nent

E%i2e%t Vi!!e/s the '#nt #$

P906,:3.49. Resp#nent Vi!!e/s ent%ste this '#nt

t# C%'en n7e, n e'p!#ee #$ petiti#ne% DPI*

ECCI, $#% ep#sit 7ith the te!!e% #$ petiti#ne%.

2se


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Resp#nent Vi!!e/s $i!%e t# ttch ce%ti$icte #$

n#n*$#%' sh#ppin/ in he% c#'p!int i n#t "i#!te

Ci%c!% N#. 6*1, 2ecse t the ti'e #$ $i!in/, the

%e


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cti#n ' 2e 2%#/ht 2 the #$$ene p%t. It sh!!

p%#cee inepenent! #$ the c%i'in! cti#n n sh!!

%e


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ci"i! cse #n the /%#n #$ $#%'*sh#ppin/ c#nsie%in/

the penenc #$ the c%i'in! cse. The CTC /%nte

the '#ti#n in the O%e% #$ %ch 9, 1 n

is'isse the ci"i! cse.

On #ti#n $#% Rec#nsie%ti#n, Cspnn n

Cpit!# insiste tht the ci"i! cse is sep%te ci"i!

cti#n 7hich cn p%#cee inepenent! #$ the c%i'in!

cse. The CTC enie the '#ti#n $#% %ec#nsie%ti#n

in the O%e% #$ 8, 1. Cspnn n Cpit!#

$i!e petiti#n $#% ce%ti#%%i ne% R!e 9: 2e$#%e the

Re/i#n! T%i! C#%t (Cps RTC $#% 2%e"it) #$ Cps,

T%!c, %nch 99,-3 ssi!in/ the CTCs O%e% #$

is'iss!.

The Trial Courts Ruling

The Cps RTC %ene%e /'ent #n Dece'2e%

6, 1 is'issin/ the petiti#n $#% ce%ti#%%i $#% !c+ #$

'e%it. The Cps RTC %!e tht the #%e% #$ is'iss!

isse 2 the CTC is $in! #%e% 7hich isp#ses #$

the cse n the%e$#%e the p%#pe% %e'e sh#! h"e

2een n ppe!. The Cps RTC $%the% he! tht

speci! ci"i! cti#n $#% ce%ti#%%i is n#t s2stitte $#%

!#st ppe!. 5in!!, the Cps RTC ec!%e tht e"en #n

the p%e'ise tht the CTC e%%e in is'issin/ the ci"i!

cse, sch e%%#% is p%e e%%#% #$ /'ent n n#t n

2se #$ isc%eti#n.

Cspnn n Cpit!# $i!e #ti#n $#%

Rec#nsie%ti#n 2t the Cps RTC enie the s'e in

the Res#!ti#n #$ A/st 4, 000.

?ence, this petiti#n.

The Issue

The petiti#n p%e'ises the !e/! isse in this 7ise=

In ce%tin "ehic!% ccient in"#!"in/ t7# p%ties

ech #ne #$ the' ' thin+ n 2e!ie"e tht the ccient

7s cse 2 the $!t #$ the #the%. @ @ @ -The $i%st

p%t, 2e!ie"in/ hi'se!$ t# 2e the //%ie"e p%t, #pte

t# $i!e c%i'in! cse $#% %ec+!ess i'p%ence /inst

the sec#n p%t.On the #the% hn, the sec#n p%t

t#/ethe% 7ith his #pe%t#%, 2e!ie"in/ the'se!"es t# 2e the

%e! //%ie"e p%ties, #pte in t%n t# $i!e ci"i! cse

$#%


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L%# $%the% !!e/es tht Cspnn n Cpit!#

$#%$eite thei% %i/ht t#


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ne/!i/ence #$ n#the%. Eithe% the p%i"te c#'p!innt #%

the ccse cn $i!e sep%te ci"i! cti#n ne% these

%tic!es. The%e is n#thin/ in the !7 #% %!es tht stte

#n! the p%i"te c#'p!innt in c%i'in! cse '

in"#+e these %tic!es.

#%e#"e%, p%/%ph 9, ecti#n 1, R!e 111 #$ the

000 R!es #n C%i'in! P%#ce%e (000 R!es $#%

2%e"it) e@p%ess! %e


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ECTION 1. Institti#n #$ c%i'in! n ci"i! cti#ns. ()

hen c%i'in! cti#n is institte, the civil action

for the recovery of civil lia&ility arising from the

offense charged shall &e deemed instituted 'ith the

criminal action n!ess the #$$ene p%t 7i"es the

ci"i! cti#n, %ese%"es the %i/ht t# institte it sep%te! #%

instittes the ci"i! cti#n p%i#% t# the c%i'in! cti#n.

The %ese%"ti#n #$ the %i/ht t# institte sep%te! the

ci"i! cti#n sh!! 2e 'e 2e$#%e the p%#secti#n st%ts

p%esentin/ its e"ience n ne% ci%c'stnces

$$#%in/ the #$$ene p%t %es#n2!e #pp#%tnit t#

'+e sch %ese%"ti#n.

@ @ @

(2) @ @ @

he%e the ci"i! cti#n hs 2een $i!e sep%te! n t%i!

the%e#$ hs n#t et c#''ence, it ' 2e c#ns#!ite

7ith the c%i'in! cti#n p#n pp!icti#n 7ith the c#%t

t%in/ the !tte% cse. I$ the pp!icti#n is /%nte, the

t%i! #$ 2#th cti#ns sh!! p%#cee in cc#%nce 7ith

secti#n #$ this %!e /#"e%nin/ c#ns#!iti#n #$ the ci"i!

n c%i'in! cti#ns. (E'phsis spp!ie)

Une% ecti#n 1 #$ the p%esent R!e 111, 7ht is

ee'e institte 7ith the c%i'in! cti#n is #n! the

cti#n t# %ec#"e% ci"i! !i2i!it %isin/ $%#' the c%i'e

#% ex-delicto. A!! the #the% ci"i! cti#ns ne% A%tic!es

3, 33, 34 n 189 #$ the Ci"i! C#e %e n# !#n/e%

ee'e institte, n ' 2e $i!e sep%te! n p%#secte inepenent! e"en 7ith#t n %ese%"ti#n

in the c%i'in! cti#n. The $i!%e t# '+e %ese%"ti#n

in the c%i'in! cti#n is n#t 7i"e% #$ the %i/ht t# $i!e

sep%te n inepenent ci"i! cti#n 2se #n these

%tic!es #$ the Ci"i! C#e. The p%esc%ipti"e pe%i# #n the

ci"i! cti#ns 2se #n these %tic!es #$ the Ci"i! C#e

c#ntines t# %n e"en 7ith the $i!in/ #$ the c%i'in!

cti#n. Ve%i!, the ci"i! cti#ns 2se #n these %tic!es #$

the Ci"i! C#e %e sep%te, istinct n inepenent #$

the ci"i! cti#n ee'e institte in the c%i'in! cti#n.

-10

Une% the p%esent R!e 111, the #$$ene p%t is

sti!! /i"en the #pti#n t# $i!e sep%te ci"i! cti#n t#

%ec#"e% ci"i! !i2i!it e@*e!ict# 2 %ese%"in/ sch %i/ht

in the c%i'in! cti#n 2e$#%e the p%#secti#n p%esents its

e"ience. A!s#, the #$$ene p%t is ee'e t# '+e

sch %ese%"ti#n i$ he $i!es sep%te ci"i! cti#n 2e$#%e

$i!in/ the c%i'in! cti#n. I$ the ci"i! cti#n t# %ec#"e%

ci"i! !i2i!it ex-delicto is $i!e sep%te! 2t its t%i! hs

n#t et c#''ence, the ci"i! cti#n ' 2e c#ns#!ite

7ith the c%i'in! cti#n. The c#ns#!iti#n ne% thisR!e #es n#t pp! t# sep%te ci"i! cti#ns %isin/ $%#'

the s'e ct #% #'issi#n $i!e ne% A%tic!es 3, 33, 34

n 189 #$ the Ci"i! C#e.-11

S-(


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EC. . When separate civil action is suspended . A$te%

the c%i'in! cti#n hs 2een c#''ence, the sep%te

ci"i! cti#n %isin/ the%e$%#' cnn#t 2e institte nti!

$in! /'ent hs 2een ente%e in the c%i'in! cti#n.

If the criminal action is filed after the said civil action

has already &een instituted, the latter shall &e

suspended in 'hatever stage it may &e found &efore

(udgment on the merits. The suspension shall last until

final (udgment is rendered in the criminal

action. Ne"e%the!ess, 2e$#%e /'ent #n the 'e%its is

%ene%e in the ci"i! cti#n, the s'e ', p#n '#ti#n

#$ the #$$ene p%t, 2e c#ns#!ite 7ith the c%i'in!

cti#n in the c#%t t%in/ the c%i'in! cti#n. In cse #$

c#ns#!iti#n, the e"ience !%e ce in the ci"i!cti#n sh!! 2e ee'e t#'tic!! %ep%#ce in the

c%i'in! cti#n 7ith#t p%eice t# the %i/ht #$ the

p%#secti#n t# c%#ss*e@'ine the 7itnesses p%esente 2

the #$$ene p%t in the c%i'in! cse n #$ the p%ties

t# p%esent iti#n! e"ience. The c#ns#!ite c%i'in!

n ci"i! cti#ns sh!! 2e t%ie n ecie #int!.

D%in/ the penenc #$ the c%i'in! cti#n, the %nnin/

#$ the pe%i# #$ p%esc%ipti#n #$ the ci"i! cti#n 7hich

cnn#t 2e institte sep%te! #% 7h#se p%#ceein/ hs

2een sspene sh!! 2e t#!!e.

@ @ @. (E'phsis spp!ie)

Ths, ecti#n , R!e 111 #$ the p%esent R!es i n#t

chn/e the %!e tht the sep%te ci"i! cti#n, $i!e t#

%ec#"e% '/es ex-delicto, is sspene p#n the $i!in/

#$ the c%i'in! cti#n. ecti#n #$ the p%esent R!e 111

!s# p%#hi2its the $i!in/, $te% c#''ence'ent #$ the

c%i'in! cti#n, #$ sep%te ci"i! cti#n t# %ec#"e%

'/es ex-delicto.

6e+ 5)v) '5/)o+ m'=


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tht the ccse the%ein c#! "!i! institte sep%te

ci"i! cti#n $#% quasi-delict /inst the p%i"te

c#'p!innt in the c%i'in! cse. In C'b'ero, the

ccse in the c%i'in! cse $i!e his Ans7e% 7ith

C#nte%c!i' $#% '!ici#s p%#secti#n. At tht ti'e the

C#%t n#te the 2sence #$ c!e%*ct %!es /#"e%nin/ the

p%#secti#n #n i'p!ie! institte ci"i! cti#ns n

the +e5e(('r= 5o+(e>-e+5e( '+* )m


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p%esc%ipti"e pe%i# ' set in since the pe%i# c#ntines

t# %n nti! the ci"i! cti#n $#% quasi-delict is $i!e.

ec#n, the ccse, 7h# is p%es'e inn#cent, hs

%i/ht t# in"#+e A%tic!e 188 #$ the Ci"i! C#e, in the

s'e 7 tht the #$$ene p%t cn "i! #$ this

%e'e 7hich is inepenent #$ the c%i'in! cti#n. T#

is!!#7 the ccse $%#' $i!in/ sep%te ci"i! cti#n

$#% quasi-delict , 7hi!e %e$sin/ t# %ec#/nie his

c#nte%c!i' in the c%i'in! cse, is t# en hi' e

p%#cess #$ !7, ccess t# the c#%ts, n e


11/127

[G.R. No. 1718. M'r5 2, 2007]

$erm'+' R. Cere?o, petitioner, vs. D'v)*

T-'?o+, respondent .

D E C I S I O N

CARPIO, J .3

Te C'(e

This is petiti#n $#% %e"ie7 #n certiorar i-1 t# nn!

the Res#!ti#n- te 1 Oct#2e% 1 #$ the C#%t #$

Appe!s in CA*G.R. P N#. :3:8, s 7e!! s its

Res#!ti#n te 0 >n% 000 enin/ the '#ti#n

$#% %ec#nsie%ti#n. The C#%t #$ Appe!s enie the

petiti#n $#% nn!'ent #$ the Decisi#n-3 te 30

1: %ene%e 2

the Re/i#n! T%i! C#%t #$ An/e!es Cit, %nch :9

(t%i! c#%t), in Ci"i! Cse N#. 841:. The t%i! c#%t

#%e%e petiti#ne% ?e%'n R. Ce%e# (%s. Ce%e#) t#

p %esp#nent D"i T#n (T#n) ct! '/es,

!#ss #$ e%nin/s, '#%! '/es, n c#sts #$ sit.

A+/e5e*e+/ 4'5/(

A%#n n##nti'e #$ 9 >ne 13, C#nt% s

Lines pssen/e% 2s 7ith p!te n'2e% NHA 41

c#!!ie 7ith t%icc!e 2e%in/ p!te n'2e% TC RV 19

!#n/ Cptin . P!# t%eet, t. Ines, 2!ct,

P'pn/. On 1 Oct#2e% 13, t%icc!e %i"e% T#n

$i!e c#'p!int $#% '/es /inst %s. Ce%e#, s

#7ne% #$ the 2s !ine, he% hs2n Att#%ne >n Ce%e#

(Att. Ce%e#), n 2s %i"e% Dni!# A. 5#%#n

(5#%#n). The c#'p!int !!e/e tht=

8. At the ti'e #$ the incient, p!inti$$ -T#n 7s in

his p%#pe% !ne 7hen the sec#n*n'e e$enn

-5#%#n, 2ein/ then the %i"e% n pe%s#n in ch%/e #$

the C#nt% s 7ith p!te n'2e% NHA 41, i then

n the%e 7i!!$!!, n!7$!!, n $e!#ni#s! #pe%te

the si '#t#% "ehic!e in ne/!i/ent, c%e!ess, n

i'p%ent 'nne% 7ith#t e %e/% t# t%$$ic %!es n

%e/!ti#ns, the%e 2ein/ !#7 D#7n si/n ne% the

scene #$ the incient, n 7ith#t t+in/ the necess%

p%ecti#n t# p%e"ent !#ss #$ !i"es #% in%ies, his

ne/!i/ence, c%e!essness n i'p%ence %es!te t#

se"e%e '/e t# the t%icc!e n se%i#s phsic

in%ies t# p!inti$$ ths '+in/ hi' n2!e t# 7!+ n

2ec#'in/ is2!e, 7ith his th'2 n 'i!e $in/e% #n

the !e$t hn 2ein/ ct-.-4

On 1 Oct#2e% 13, T#n $i!e '#ti#n t#

!iti/te s ppe%. 2se


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p%tic!%s te Ap%i! 14 n %ep! t# #pp#siti#n

t# c#''ent 7ith '#ti#n te 13 >ne 14.-9On 1

A/st 14, the t%i! c#%t isse n #%e% i%ectin/ the

Ce%e# sp#ses t# $i!e c#''ent t# the #pp#siti#n t#

the 2i!! #$ p%tic!%s. Att. E!pii# . V!e% (Att.

V!e%) #$ V!e% n V!e% L7 O$$ices ppe%e #n

2eh!$ #$ the Ce%e# sp#ses. On A/st 14, Att.

V!e% $i!e n %/ent e@*p%te '#ti#n p%in/ $#% the

%es#!ti#n #$ T#ns '#ti#n t# !iti/te s ppe% n

$#% the issnce #$ ne7 s''#ns #n the Ce%e# sp#ses

t# stis$ p%#pe% se%"ice in cc#%nce 7ith the R!es #$

C#%t.-8

On 30 A/st 14, the t%i! c#%t isse n #%e%

%es#!"in/ T#ns '#ti#n t# !iti/te s ppe% n theCe%e# sp#ses %/ent e@*p%te '#ti#n. The #%e% %es=

At the he%in/ #n A/st 30, 14, the p!inti$$ -T#n

testi$ie tht he is p%esent! #2!ess; tht t the ti'e #$

the $i!in/ #$ this cse, his s#n 7h# is 7#%+in/ in

!si he!ps hi' n sens hi' #nce in

7hi!e P300.00 '#nth, n tht he #es n#t h"e n

%e! p%#pe%t. Attche t# the #ti#n t# Liti/te s

Ppe% %e his A$$i"it tht he is ne'p!#e;

Ce%ti$icti#n 2 the %n/ Cptin #$ his p#2!ci#n

tht his inc#'e is n#t en#/h $#% his $'i!s

s2sistence; n Ce%ti$icti#n 2 the O$$ice #$ the

nicip! Assess#% tht he hs n# !nh#!in/ in

the nicip!it #$2!ct, P%#"ince #$ P'pn/.

The C#%t is stis$ie $%#' the n%e2tte testi'#n #$

the p!inti$$ tht he is entit!e t# p%#secte his c#'p!int

in this cse s ppe% ne% e@istin/ %!es.

On the #the% hn, the C#%t enies the p%e% in the

Appe%nce n U%/ent E@*P%te #ti#n %en% 1:

T#n $i!e '#ti#n t# ec!%e the Ce%e# sp#ses in

e$!t. On 9 5e2%% 1:, the t%i! c#%t isse n

#%e% ec!%in/ the Ce%e# sp#ses in e$!t n

th#%iin/ T#n t# p%esent his e"ience. -

On 30 1:, $te% c#nsie%in/ T#ns

testi'#ni! n #c'ent% e"ience, the t%i! c#%

%!e in T#ns $"#%. The t%i! c#%t 'e n#

p%#n#nce'ent #n 5#%#ns !i2i!it 2ecse the%e 7s

n# se%"ice #$ s''#ns #n hi'. The t%i! c#%t i n#t

h#! Att. Ce%e# !i2!e s T#n $i!e t# sh#7 tht

%s. Ce%e#s 2siness 2ene$ite the $'i!, p%snt t#

A%tic!e 11(3) #$ the 5'i! C#e. The t%i! c#%t he!

%s. Ce%e# s#!e! !i2!e $#% the '/es sstine 2

T#n %isin/ $%#' the ne/!i/ence #$ %s. Ce%e#s

e'p!#ee, p%snt t# A%tic!e 160 #$ the Ci"i

C#e. The isp#siti"e p#%ti#n #$ the t%i! c#%ts ecisi#n

%es=

?ERE5ORE, /'ent is he%e2 %ene%e #%e%in/

the e$ennt ?e%'n Ce%e# t# p the p!inti$$=

) 5#% Act! D'/es

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1) E@penses $#% #pe%ti#n n 'eic!

T%et'ent * P9,46:.3:

) C#st #$ %epi% #$ the

t%icc!e * 3,1.00

2) 5#% !#ss #$ e%nin/s * 43,300.00

c) 5#% '#%! '/es * 0,000.00

) An t# p the c#st #$ the sit.

The #c+et $ees n #the% e@penses in the $i!in/ #$ this

sit sh!! 2e !ien #n 7hte"e% /'ent ' 2e %ene%e

in $"#% #$ the p!inti$$.

O ORDERED.-10

%s. Ce%e# %ecei"e c#p #$ the ecisi#n #n :

>ne 1:. On 10 >! 1:, %s. Ce%e# $i!e 2e$#%e

the t%i! c#%t petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#' /'ent #n the

/%#ns #$ $%, 'ist+e #% e@cs2!e

ne/!i/ence. Testi$in/ 2e$#%e the t%i! c#%t, 2#th %s.

Ce%e# n Att. V!e% enie %eceipt #$ n#tices #$

he%in/s n #$ #%e%s #$ the c#%t. Att. V!e% e

tht he %ecei"e n# n#tice 2e$#%e #% %in/ the 6

1: e!ecti#ns, 7hen he 7s sent#%i! cnite $#%

the L P%t, n "e% 2s, sin/ his #$$ice n

%esience s P%t Nti#n! ?en%

13, 1:;

E@hi2it 8 * O%e% te 5e2%% -i!!e/i2!e;

E@hi2it 8*A * C#%ts %et%n s!ip %esse t#

Att. E!pii#

V!e%;

E@hi2it 8* * C#%ts %et%n s!ip %esse t#

p#ses >n

n ?e%'n Ce%e#;

E@hi2it 6 * Decisi#n te -30, 1:

E@hi2it 6*A * C#%ts %et%n s!ip %esse t#

e$ennt ?e%'n

Ce%e#;

E@hi2it 6* * C#%ts %et%n s!ip %esse t#

e$ennts c#nse!,

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/141538.htm#_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/141538.htm#_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/141538.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/141538.htm#_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/141538.htm#_ftn11


14/127

Att. E!pii# V!e%;

E@hi2it * O%e% te epte'2e% 1, 1:;

E@hi2it *A * ec#n P/e #$ E@hi2it ;

E@hi2it * * Thi% p/e #$ E@hi2it ;

E@hi2it *C * 5#%th p/e #$ E@hi2it ;

E@hi2it *D * C#%ts %et%n s!ip %esse t#

Att. E!pii# V!e%;

n

E@hi2it *E * C#%ts %et%n s!ip %esse t#

p!inti$$s c#nse!,

Att. N#%'n Dic+ e G'n.-1

On 4 %ch 16, the t%i! c#%t isse n

#%e% -13 enin/ the petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#'

/'ent. The t%i! c#%t stte tht h"in/ %ecei"e the

ecisi#n #n : >ne 1:, the Ce%e# sp#ses sh#!

h"e $i!e n#tice #$ ppe! inste #$ %es#%tin/ t# petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#' /'ent. The t%i! c#%t %e$se

t# /%nt %e!ie$ $%#' /'ent 2ecse the Ce%e#

sp#ses c#! h"e "i!e #$ the %e'e #$ ppe!.

#%e#"e%, the Ce%e# sp#ses n#t #n! $i!e t# p%#"e

$%, ccient, 'ist+e #% e@cs2!e ne/!i/ence 2

c#nc!si"e e"ience, the !s# $i!e t# p%#"e tht the

h /## n s2stnti! e$ense. The t%i! c#%t n#te

tht the Ce%e# sp#ses $i!e t# ppe! 2ecse the

%e!ie #n n e@pecte sett!e'ent #$ the cse.

The Ce%e# sp#ses s2sen% 1, the C#%t #

Appe!s enie the petiti#n $#% certiorari n $$i%'e

the t%i! c#%ts #%e% enin/ the petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#'

/'ent. The C#%t #$ Appe!s ec!%e tht the Ce%e#

sp#ses $i!%e t# $i!e n ns7e% 7s e t# thei% #7n

ne/!i/ence, c#nsie%in/ tht the c#ntine t#

p%ticipte in the p%#ceein/s 7ith#t $i!in/ n

ns7e%. The%e 7s !s# n#thin/ in the %ec#%s t# sh#7

tht the Ce%e# sp#ses ct!! #$$e%e %es#n2!e

sett!e'ent t# T#n. The C#%t #$ Appe!s !s# enie

Ce%e# sp#ses '#ti#n $#% %ec#nsie%ti#n $#% !c+ #$

'e%it.

The Ce%e# sp#ses $i!e 2e$#%e this C#%t

petiti#n $#% %e"ie7 #n certiorari ne% R!e 4:. Att

Ce%e# hi'se!$ si/ne the petiti#n, #c+ete s G.R. N#

138:3. On 13 Ap%i! 1, this C#%t %ene%e

%es#!ti#n enin/ the petiti#n $#% %e"ie7

#n certiorari $#% $i!%e t# ttch n $$i"it #$ se%"ice

#$ c#pies #$ the petiti#n t# the C#%t #$ Appe!s n t#

the "e%se p%ties. E"en i$ the petiti#n c#'p!ie 7iththis %e


15/127

en#inin/ e@ecti#n #$ the t%i! c#%ts ecisi#n penin/

%es#!ti#n #$ the petiti#n.

The C#%t #$ Appe!s enie the petiti#n $#%

nn!'ent #$ /'ent in %es#!ti#n te 1 Oct#2e%

1. The %es#!ti#n %es in p%t=

In this cse, %ec#%s sh#7 tht the petiti#ne% p%e"i#s!

$i!e 7ith the !#7e% c#%t Petiti#n $#% Re!ie$ $%#'

>/'ent #n the /%#n tht the 7e%e 7%#n/$!!

ec!%e in e$!t 7hi!e 7itin/ $#% n 'ic2!e

sett!e'ent #$ the c#'p!int $#% '/es. The c#%t a

quo c#%%ect! %!e tht sch petiti#n is 7ith#t

'e%it. The e$ennt sp#ses 'it tht %in/ the

initi! he%in/ the ppe%e 2e$#%e the c#%t n e"en

'enti#ne the nee $#% n 'ic2!e sett!e'ent. Ths, the

!#7e% c#%t c


16/127

cse $#% '/es. The%e$#%e, the $inin/s n the

ecisi#n #$ the !#7e% c#%t ' 2in the'.

Rec#%s sh#7 tht the petiti#ne% p%e"i#s! $i!e 7ith

the !#7e% c#%t Petiti#n $#% Re!ie$ $%#' >/'ent #n

the /%#n tht the 7e%e 7%#n/$!! ec!%e in e$!t

7hi!e 7itin/ $#% n 'ic2!e sett!e'ent #$ the

c#'p!int $#% '/es. The c#%t a quo c#%%ect! %!e

tht sch petiti#n is 7ith#t 'e%it, %isicti#n h"in/

2een c


17/127

p!ein/s #n 2eh!$ #$ %s. Ce%e#, n'e!, Att. D/,

Att. V!e%, n Att. Ce%e#. Despite thei% n'2e%,

%s. Ce%e#s c#nse!s $i!e t# "i! #$ the p%#pe%

%e'eies. It is eithe% 2 shee% i/n#%nce #% 2 '!ici#s

'nip!ti#n #$ !e/! technic!ities tht the h"e

'n/e t# e! the isp#siti#n #$ the p%esent cse, t#

the et%i'ent #$ ppe% !iti/nt T#n.

%s. Ce%e# c!i's she i n#t %ecei"e n c#p #$

the #%e% ec!%in/ the Ce%e# sp#ses in e$!t. %s.

Ce%e# sse%ts tht she #n! c'e t# +n#7 #$ the e$!t

#%e% #n : >ne 1:, 7hen she %ecei"e c#p #$ the

ecisi#n. On 10 >! 1:, %s. Ce%e# $i!e 2e$#%e the

t%i! c#%t petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#' /'ent ne% R!e

36, !!e/in/ $%, 'ist+e, #% e@cs2!e ne/!i/ence s/%#ns. On 4 %ch 16, the t%i! c#%t enie %s.

Ce%e#s petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#' /'ent. The t%i! c#%t

stte tht %s. Ce%e# c#! h"e "i!e #$ ppe! s

%e'e n tht she $i!e t# p%#"e tht the /'ent

7s ente%e th%#/h $%, ccient, 'ist+e, #%

e@cs2!e ne/!i/ence. %s. Ce%e# then $i!e 2e$#%e the

C#%t #$ Appe!s petiti#n $#% certiorari ne% ecti#n

1 #$ R!e 9: ssi!in/ the eni! #$ the petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#' /'ent. On 1 >n% 1, the C#%t #$

Appe!s is'isse %s. Ce%e#s petiti#n. On 4

5e2%% 1, the ppe!!te c#%t enie %s. Ce%e#s

'#ti#n $#% %ec#nsie%ti#n. On 11 %ch 1, %s.

Ce%e# $i!e 2e$#%e this C#%t petiti#n $#% %e"ie7

#n certiorari ne% R!e 4:,


18/127

p%esente 2 hi' (ec. , R!e 41).

(E'phsis e)

#%e#"e%, petiti#n $#% certiorari t# ec!%e the

n!!it #$ /'ent 2 e$!t is !s# "i!2!e i$ the

t%i! c#%t i'p%#pe%! ec!%e p%t in e$!t, #% e"en

i$ the t%i! c#%t p%#pe%! ec!%e p%t in e$!t, i$

/%"e 2se #$ isc%eti#n ttene sch ec!%ti#n.-3

%s. Ce%e# 'itte tht she %ecei"e c#p #$

the t%i! c#%ts ecisi#n #n : >ne 1:. se #n this

'issi#n, %s. Ce%e# h t !est th%ee %e'eies t he%

isp#s!= n ppe!, '#ti#n $#% ne7 t%i!, #% petiti#n

$#% certiorari.

%s. Ce%e# c#! h"e ppe!e ne% R!e

41-4 $%#' the e$!t /'ent 7ithin 1: s $%#'

n#tice #$ the /'ent. he c#! h"e "i!e #$ the

p#7e% #$ the C#%t #$ Appe!s t# t% cses n c#nct

he%in/s, %ecei"e e"ience, n pe%$#%' !! cts

necess% t# %es#!"e $ct! isses %ise in cses $!!in/

7ithin its ppe!!te %isicti#n.-:

%s. Ce%e# !s# h the #pti#n t# $i!e ne% R!e

38-9 '#ti#n $#% ne7 t%i! 7ithin the pe%i# $#% t+in/

n ppe!. I$ the t%i! c#%t /%nts ne7 t%i!, the #%i/in!

/'ent is "cte, n the cti#n 7i!! stn $#% t%i! de

novo. The %ec#%e e"ience t+en in the $#%'e% t%i!, s

$% s the s'e is 'te%i! n c#'petent t# est2!ish the

isses, sh!! 2e se t the ne7 t%i! 7ith#t %et+in/ the

s'e.-8

%s. Ce%e# !s# h the !te%nti"e #$ $i!in/ ne%

R!e 9:-6 petiti#n $#% certiorari ssi!in/ the #%e% #$

e$!t 7ithin 90 s $%#' n#tice #$ the /'ent. An

#%e% #$ e$!t is inte%!#ct#%, n n //%ie"e p%t

' $i!e n pp%#p%ite speci! ci"i! cti#n ne% R!e

9:.- In petiti#n $#% certiorari, the ppe!!te c#%t '

ec!%e "#i 2#th the #%e% #$ e$!t n the /'ent

#$ e$!t.

C!e%!, %s. Ce%e# h e"e% #pp#%tnit t# "i!

#$ these %e'eies 7ithin the %e/!e'ent% pe%i#s

p%#"ie ne% the R!es #$ C#%t. ?#7e"e%, %s

Ce%e# #pte t# $i!e petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#' /'ent

7hich is "i!2!e o+= )+ e5e


19/127

/'ent #$ the t%i! c#%t. Ann!'ent is "i!2!e #n!

#n the /%#ns #$ e@t%insic $% n !c+ #$

%isicti#n. I$ 2se #n e@t%insic $%, p%t 'st $i!e

the petiti#n 7ithin $#% e%s $%#' its isc#"e%, n i$

2se #n !c+ #$ %isicti#n, 2e$#%e !ches #% est#ppe!

2%s the petiti#n. E@t%insic $% is n#t "!i /%#n i$

sch $% 7s se s /%#n, #% c#! h"e 2een

se s /%#n, in '#ti#n $#% ne7 t%i! #% petiti#n $#%

%e!ie$ $%#' /'ent.-3

%s. Ce%e# insists tht !c+ #$ %isicti#n, n#t

e@t%insic $%, 7s he% /%#n $#% $i!in/ the petiti#n $#%

nn!'ent #$ /'ent. ?#7e"e%, p%t ' "i! #$

the %e'e #$ nn!'ent #$ /'ent ne% R!e 48

#n! i$ the #%in% %e'eies #$ ne7 t%i!, ppe!, petiti#n $#% %e!ie$ $%#' /'ent, #% #the% pp%#p%ite

%e'eies %e n# !#n/e% "i!2!e th%#/h n# $!t #$ the

p%t.-33 %s. Ce%e# c#! h"e "i!e #$ ne7 t%i! #%

ppe! 2t th%#/h he% #7n $!t she e%%#ne#s! "i!e

#$ the %e'e #$ petiti#n $#% %e!ie$, 7hich 7s enie

7ith $in!it. Ths, %s. Ce%e# ' n# !#n/e% "i! #$

the %e'e #$ nn!'ent.

In n e"ent, the t%i! c#%t c!e%! c


20/127

#%


21/127

Ths, the%e is n# nee in this cse $#% the t%i! c#%t

t# c


22/127

1K per annum, in !ie #$ 9K per annum, nti! $!!

p'ent.

SO ORDERED.

MARY ANN RODRIG;E&, G.R. No(. 11"7

Pe/)/)o+er,

Pre(e+/3

" ver(-( " P'+'+)b'+, J.,

C')rm'+,

S'+*ov'"G-/)erre?,

$o+. T$ELMA A. PON4ERRADA, Coro+',B

)+ $er O)5)' C'! 8, 00

O%e% - #$ the Re/i#n! C#%t (RTC) #$ e#n Cit

(%nch 104) in C%i'in! Cse N#s. *01*109:9 t# *

01*109:. A!s# ssi!e is the A/st 19, 00

O%e% -3 #$ the RTC enin/ petiti#ne%s #ti#n $#%

Rec#nsie%ti#n. The $i%st ssi!e O%e% is


23/127

the et%#p#!itn T%i! C#%t #$ e#n

Cit.

The p%i"te p%#sect#%

s2'itte c#''ent sttin/ tht the

#$$ene p%t i n#t 'ni$est 7ithin

$i$teen (1:) s $#!!#7in/ the $i!in/ #$

the in$#%'ti#n tht the ci"i! !i2i!it

%isin/ $%#' the c%i'e hs 2een #%

7#! 2e sep%te! p%#secte n tht

she sh#! the%e$#%e 2e %e


24/127

#$ e#n Cit, %nch 4, #c+ete s

C%i'in! Cses N#s. 0106033 t# 39.

On the #the% hn, the in$#%'ti#ns $#%

-est$ cses /inst he%ein -petiti#ne%

7e%e !i+e7ise $i!e n %$$!e t# the

Re/i#n! T%i! C#%t #$ e#n Cit,

%nch 104, #c+ete s C%i'in! Cses

N#s. 01*109:9 t# :.

On 18 >ne 00, petiti#ne% th%#/h

c#nse! $i!e in #pen c#%t 2e$#%e the

-p2!ic -%esp#nent n Opp#siti#n t#

the 5#%'! Ent% #$ Appe%nce #$ the

P%i"te P%#sect#% te 14 >ne 00.

The -p2!ic -%esp#nent c#%t %in/

the si he%in/ n#te the 5#%'! Ent%

#$ Appe%nce #$ Att. 5e!i@ R.

#!#'#n s -p%i"te -p%#sect#% s

7e!! s the Opp#siti#n $i!e the%et# 2

he%ein -petiti#ne%. @ @ @.

As #%e%e 2 the C#%t, -p%i"te

-c#'p!innt th%#/h c#nse! $i!e he%

C#''ent t# the Opp#siti#n #$ he%ein

-petiti#ne%.

On 8 >ne 00, the -p2!ic

-%esp#nent c#%t isse the $i%st

ssi!e O%e% !!#7in/ the ppe%nce

#$ the -p%i"te -p%#sect#% in the

2#"e*entit!e c%i'in! cses p#n

p'ent #$ the !e/! $ees p%snt t#

ecti#n 1 #$ R!e 141 #$ the R!es #$

C#%t, s 'ene.

On 31 >! 00, -ccse th%#/h

c#nse! $i!e #ti#n $#%

Rec#nsie%ti#n te 9 >! 00.

On 19 A/st 00, the -p2!ic

-%esp#nent c#%t isse the sec#n

ssi!e O%e% enin/ the #ti#n $#%

Rec#nsie%ti#n #$ he%ein -petiti#ne%.-:

R-)+ o /e Tr)' Co-r/

N#tin/ petiti#ne%s #pp#siti#n t# the p%i"te p%#sect#%s

ent% #$ ppe%nce, the RTC he! tht the ci"i! cti#n

$#% the %ec#"e% #$ ci"i! !i2i!it %isin/ $%#' the #$$ense

ch%/e is ee'e institte, unless the #$$ene p%t

(1) 7i"es the ci"i! cti#n, () %ese%"es the %i/ht t#

institte it sep%te!, #% (3) instittes the ci"i! cti#n

p%i#% t# the c%i'in! cti#n. C#nsie%in/ tht the

#$$ene p%t h pi the c#%%esp#nin/ $i!in/ $ee $#%

the est$ cses p%i#% t# the $i!in/ #$ the P cses 7ith

the et%#p#!itn T%i! C#%t (eTC), the RTC !!#7e

the p%i"te p%#sect#% t# ppe% n inte%"ene in the

p%#ceein/s.

?ence, this Petiti#n.-9

I((-e(

Petiti#ne% %ises this s#!e isse $#% the C#%ts

c#nsie%ti#n=

hethe% #% n#t -p%i"te -p%#sect#%

cn 2e !!#7e t# inte%"ene n

p%ticipte in the p%#ceein/s #$ the

2#"e*entit!e -est$ cses $#% the

p%p#se #$ p%#sectin/ the ttche ci"i!

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn6


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!i2i!it %isin/ $%#' the issnce #$ the

chec+s in"#!"e 7hich is !s# s2ect

'te% #$ the penin/ .P. cses.-8

Te Co-r/( R-)+

The Petiti#n hs n# 'e%it.

Soe I((-e3

Civil Action in P !! Case 1ot a ar

to Civil Action in 2stafa Case

Petiti#ne% the#%ies tht the ci"i! cti#n

necess%i! %isin/ $%#' the c%i'in! cse penin/

2e$#%e the TC $#% "i#!ti#n #$ P p%ec!es the

institti#n #$ the c#%%esp#nin/ ci"i! cti#n in the

c%i'in! cse $#% est$ n#7 penin/ 2e$#%e the RTC.

he hin/es he% the#% #n the $#!!#7in/ p%#"isi#ns #$

R!es 110 n 111 #$ the R!es #$ C#%t=

SECTION 1:. #ntervention of the

offended party in criminal action. **

he%e the ci"i! cti#n $#% %ec#"e% #$

ci"i! !i2i!it is institte in the c%i'in!

cti#n p%snt t# R!e 111, the

#$$ene p%t ' inte%"ene 2 c#nse!

in the p%#secti#n #$ the #$$ense.

SECTION 1. #nstitution of criminal

and civil actions. -- () hen c%i'in!

cti#n is institte, the ci"i! cti#n $#%

the %ec#"e% #$ ci"i! !i2i!it %isin/

$%#' the #$$ense ch%/e sh!! 2e

ee'e institte 7ith the c%i'in!

cti#n n!ess the #$$ene p%t 7i"es

the ci"i! cti#n, %ese%"es the %i/ht t#

institte it sep%te! #% instittes the

ci"i! cti#n p%i#% t# the c%i'in! cti#n.

The %ese%"ti#n #$ the %i/ht t# institte

sep%te! the ci"i! cti#n sh!! 2e 'e

2e$#%e the p%#secti#n st%ts p%esentin/

its e"ience n ne% ci%c'stnces

$$#%in/ the #$$ene p%t

%es#n2!e #pp#%tnit t# '+e sch

%ese%"ti#n.

hen the #$$ene p%t see+s t#

en$#%ce ci"i! !i2i!it /inst the ccse

2 7 #$ '#%!, n#'in!, te'pe%te, #%

e@e'p!% '/es 7ith#t speci$in/

the '#nt the%e#$ in the c#'p!int #%

in$#%'ti#n, the $i!in/ $ees the%e$#% sh!!

c#nstitte $i%st !ien #n the /'ent

7%in/ sch '/es.

@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

(2) The c%i'in! cti#n $#% "i#!ti#n #$

ts P'2ns !/. sh!! 2e

ee'e t# inc!e the c#%%esp#nin/

ci"i! cti#n. N# %ese%"ti#n t# $i!e sch

ci"i! cti#n sep%te! sh!! 2e !!#7e.

Up#n $i!in/ #$ the $#%esi #int

c%i'in! n ci"i! cti#ns, the #$$ene

p%t sh!! p in $!! the $i!in/ $ees

2se #n the '#nt #$ the chec+

in"#!"e, 7hich sh!! 2e c#nsie%e s

the ct! '/es c!i'e. he%e the

c#'p!int #% in$#%'ti#n !s# see+s t#

%ec#"e% !i


26/127

te'pe%te #% e@e'p!% '/es, the

#$$ene p%t sh!! p the $i!in/ $ees

2se #n the '#nts !!e/e the%ein. I$

the '#nts %e n#t s# !!e/e 2t n

#$ these '/es %e s2se


27/127

c%i'e 7hen, in the !ti'te n!sis, it

#es n#t. hi!e n ct #% #'issi#n is

$e!#ni#s 2ecse it is pnish2!e 2 !7,

it /i"es %ise t# ci"i! !i2i!it n#t s# 'ch

2ecse it is c%i'e 2t 2ecse it

cse '/e t# n#the%. Vie7in/

thin/s p%/'tic!!, 7e cn %ei! see

tht 7ht /i"es %ise t# the ci"i! !i2i!it is

%e!! the #2!i/ti#n n the '#%! t

#$ e"e%#ne t# %epi% #% '+e 7h#!e the

'/e cse t# n#the% 2 %es#n #$

his #7n ct #% #'issi#n, #ne

intenti#n!! #% ne/!i/ent!, 7hethe% #%

n#t the s'e 2e pnish2!e 2 !7. In

#the% 7#%s, c%i'in! !i2i!it 7i!! /i"e

%ise t# ci"i! !i2i!it #n! i$ the s'e

$e!#ni#s ct #% #'issi#n %es!ts in

'/e #% in% t# n#the% n is the

i%ect n p%#@i'te cse the%e#$.

D'/e #% in% t# n#the% is e"ient!

the $#nti#n #$ the ci"i! cti#n. ch is

n#t the cse in c%i'in! cti#ns $#%, t# 2e

c%i'in!! !i2!e, it is en#/h tht the ct

#% #'issi#n c#'p!ine #$ is pnish2!e,

%e/%!ess #$ 7hethe% #% n#t it !s#

cses 'te%i! '/e t# n#the%. (ee

n/c#, Phi!ippine L7 #n T#%ts n

D'/es, 186, Re"ise Eiti#n, pp.

49*48).

Ths, the p#ssi2!e sin/!e ci"i! !i2i!it %isin/

$%#' the ct #$ issin/ 2#ncin/ chec+ cn 2e the

s2ect #$ 2#th ci"i! cti#ns ee'e institte 7ith the

est$ cse n the P "i#!ti#n p%#secti#n. In the

c%i'es #$ 2#th est$ n "i#!ti#n #$ P , R!e 111 #$

the R!es #$ C#%t e@p%ess! !!#7s, e"en t#'tic!! in

the p%esent cse, the institti#n #$ ci"i! cti#n 7ith#t

nee #$ e!ecti#n 2 the #$$ene p%t. As 2#th %e'eies

%e si'!tne#s! "i!2!e t# this p%t, the%e cn 2e

n# $#%' sh#ppin/.-11

?ence, this C#%t cnn#t /%ee 7ith 7h

petiti#ne% !ti'te! esp#ses. At the p%esent st/e, n#

/'ent #n the ci"i! !i2i!it hs 2een %ene%e in

eithe% c%i'in! cse. The%e is s et n# c!! $#% the

#$$ene p%t t# e!ect %e'eies n, $te% ch##sin/ #ne

#$ the', 2e c#nsie%e 2%%e $%#' #the%s "i!2!e t#

he%.

2lection of Remedies

Petiti#ne% is ct!! %isin/ the #ct%ine #$

e!ecti#n #$ %e'eies. In its 2%# sense, e!ecti#n #

%e'eies %e$e%s t# the ch#ice 2 p%t t# n cti#n #$

#ne #$ t7# #% '#%e c#e@istin/ %e'ei! %i/hts, 7he%e

se"e%! sch %i/hts %ise #t #$ the s'e $cts, 2t the

te%' hs 2een /ene%!! !i'ite t# ch#ice 2 p%t

2et7een inc#nsistent %e'ei! %i/hts, the sse%ti#n #$

#ne 2ein/ necess%i! %ep/nnt t#, #% %epiti#n #$,

the #the% .-1 In its '#%e %est%icte n technic! sense,

the e!ecti#n #$ %e'eies is the #pti#n #$ #ne #$ t7# #%

'#%e c#e@istin/ #nes, 7ith the e$$ect #$ p%ec!in/

%es#%t t# the #the%s.-13

The C#%t $%the% e!cites in %ellon $an! v

%agsino-14 s $#!!#7s=

As technic! %!e #$ p%#ce%e, the

p%p#se #$ the #ct%ine #$ e!ecti#n #$

%e'eies is n#t t# p%e"ent %ec#%se t#

n %e'e, 2t t# p%e"ent #2!e

%e%ess $#% sin/!e 7%#n/.-1: It is

%e/%e s n pp!icti#n #$ the !7

#$ est#ppe!, p#n the the#% tht

p%t cnn#t, in the sse%ti#n #$ his

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn15http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn15http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jul2005/155531_34.htm#_ftn15


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%i/ht #ccp inc#nsistent p#siti#ns

7hich $#%' the 2sis #$ his %especti"e

%e'eies. ?#7e"e%, 7hen ce%tin

stte #$ $cts ne% the !7 entit!es

p%t t# !te%nti"e %e'eies, 2#th

$#ne p#n the ientic! stte #$

$cts, these %e'eies %e n#t

c#nsie%e inc#nsistent %e'eies. In

sch cse, the in"#cti#n #$ #ne

%e'e is n#t n e!ecti#n 7hich 7i!!

2% the #the%, n!ess the sit p#n the

%e'e $i%st in"#+e sh!! %ech the

st/e #$ $in! icti#n #% n!ess 2

the in"#cti#n #$ the %e'e $i%st

s#/ht t# 2e en$#%ce, the p!inti$$

sh!! h"e /ine n "nt/e

the%e2 #% cse et%i'ent #% chn/e

#$ sitti#n t# the #the% .-19 It 'st 2e

p#inte #t tht #%in%i!, e!ecti#n #$

%e'eies is n#t 'e nti! the ici!

p%#ceein/s hs /#ne t# /'ent #n

the 'e%its.-18

C#ns#nnt 7ith these %!in/s, this

C#%t, th%#/h >stice >..L. Rees,

#pine tht 7hi!e s#'e A'e%icn

th#%ities h#! tht the 'e%e inititi#n

#$ p%#ceein/s c#nstittes 2inin/

ch#ice #$ %e'eies tht p%ec!es

p%sit #$ !te%nti"e c#%ses, the

2ette% %!e is tht n# 2inin/ e!ecti#n

#cc%s 2e$#%e ecisi#n #n the 'e%its

is h #% et%i'ent t# the #the% p%t

spe%"enes.-16 This is 2ecse the

p%incip!e #$ e!ecti#n #$ %e'eies is

isc#%nt 7ith the '#e%n p%#ce%!

c#ncepts e'2#ie in the C#e #$

Ci"i! P%#ce%e 7hich pe%'its p%t

t# see+ inc#nsistent %e'eies in his

c!i' $#% %e!ie$ 7ith#t 2ein/ %e


29/127

#ne cse ' 2e in"#+e in the #the%. The #$$enses

ch%/e in the in$#%'ti#ns %e pe%$ect! istinct $%#'

ech #the% in p#int #$ !7, h#7e"e% ne%! the ' 2e

c#nnecte in p#int #$ $ct.-

ht ecti#n 1(2) #$ the R!es #$ C#%t

p%#hi2its is the reservation t# $i!e the c#%%esp#nin/ ci"i!

cti#n. The c%i'in! cti#n sh!! 2e ee'e t# inc!e

the c#%%esp#nin/ ci"i! cti#n. &'(nless a separate civil

action has been filed before the institution of the

criminal action, n# sch ci"i! cti#n cn 2e institte

$te% the c%i'in! cti#n hs 2een $i!e s the s'e hs

2een inc!e the%ein.-3 In the instnt cse, the c%i'in!

cti#n $#% est$ 7s 'itte! $i!e p%i#% t# the

c%i'in! cse $#% "i#!ti#n #$ P , 7ith the

c#%%esp#nin/ $i!in/ $ees $#% the inc!si#n #$ the

c#%%esp#nin/ ci"i! cti#n pi cc#%in/!.-4

5%the%'#%e, the $ct tht the R!es # n#t !!#7

the %ese%"ti#n #$ ci"i! cti#ns in P cses cnn#t

ep%i"e p%i"te c#'p!innt #$ the %i/ht t# p%#tect he%

inte%ests in the c%i'in! cti#n $#% est$. N#thin/ in the

c%%ent !7 #% %!es #n P "ests the %isicti#n #$ the

c#%%esp#nin/ ci"i! cse e@c!si"e! in the c#%t t%in/

the P c%i'in! cse.-:

In p%#'!/tin/ the R!es, this C#%t i n#t

inten t# !e"e the #$$ene p%ties 7ith#t n %e'e

t# p%#tect thei% inte%ests in est$ cses. Its p#7e% t#

p%#'!/te the R!es #$ C#%t is !i'ite in the sense tht

%!es sh!! n#t i'inish, inc%ese #% '#i$ s2stnti"e

%i/hts.-9 P%i"te c#'p!innts inte%"enti#n in the

p%#secti#n #$ est$ is sti$ie n#t #n! $#% the

p%#secti#n #$ he% inte%ests, 2t !s# $#% the spee n

ine@pensi"e 'inist%ti#n #$ stice s 'nte 2 the

C#nstitti#n.-8

The t%i! c#%t 7s, the%e$#%e, c#%%ect in h#!in/

tht the p%i"te p%#sect#% ' inte%"ene 2e$#%e the RTC

in the p%#ceein/s $#% est$, espite the necess%

inc!si#n #$ the c#%%esp#nin/ ci"i! cti#n in the

p%#ceein/s $#% "i#!ti#n #$ P penin/ 2e$#%e the

TC. A %ec#"e% 2 the #$$ene p%t ne% #ne

%e'e, h#7e"e%, necess%i! 2%s tht ne% the #the%

O2"i#s! ste''in/ $%#' the $n'ent! %!e /inst

nst en%ich'ent,-6this is in essence the %ti#n!e $#%

the p%#sc%ipti#n in #% !7 /inst #2!e %ec#"e% $#%

the s'e ct #% #'issi#n.

?ERE5ORE, the Petiti#n is *ISISS2* n

the ssi!e O%e% AFFIR2*. C#sts /inst petiti#ne%

O ORDERED.

[G.R. No. 1:9. %-= 29, 200]

$YATT IND;STRIAL MAN;4ACT;RING

CORP., petitioner, vs. ASIA DYNAMIC

ELECTRIF CORP. '+* CO;RT O4

APPEALS, respondents.

D E C I S I O N

P;NO, J .3

This is petiti#n $#% %e"ie7 #$ the ecisi#n #$ the

C#%t #$ Appe!s te Oct#2e% 6, 003 in CA*G.R. P

N#. 81498 n its %es#!ti#n te 14, 004. The

ssi!e ecisi#n n %es#!ti#n %e"e%se the #%e% te

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Dece'2e% 10, 001 #$ the Re/i#n! T%i! C#%t #$

n!#n/ Cit, %nch 10 in Ci"i! Cse N#. C

01*143 enin/ the '#ti#n t# is'iss $i!e 2 he%ein

%esp#nent, Asi Dn'ic E!ect%i@ C#%p#%ti#n.

On Ap%i! 4, 001, petiti#ne% ?tt Inst%i!

n$ct%in/ C#%p#%ti#n $i!e 2e$#%e the Re/i#n!

T%i! C#%t #$ n!#n/ Cit c#'p!int $#%

%ec#"e% #$ s' #$ '#ne /inst %esp#nent Asi

Dn'ic E!ect%i@ C#%p#%ti#n. The c#'p!int !!e/e

tht %esp#nent p%chse $%#' petiti#ne% "%i#s

e!ect%ic! c#nits n $ittin/s

'#ntin/ P1,9,498.14. Resp#nent isse se"e%!

chec+s in $"#% #$ petiti#ne% s p'ent. The chec+s,

h#7e"e%, 7e%e ish#n#%e 2 the %7ee 2n+ #n the/%#n #$ ins$$icient $nscc#nt c!#se. The

c#'p!int $%the% !!e/e tht %esp#nent $i!e t# p

espite e'n. It p%e tht %esp#nent 2e #%e%e t#

p the '#nt #$ p%chse, p!s inte%est n tt#%nes

$ees.-1

Resp#nent '#"e t# is'iss the c#'p!int #n the

$#!!#7in/ /%#ns= (1) the ci"i! cti#n 7s ee'e

inc!e in the c%i'in! cti#ns $#% "i#!ti#n #$ $atas

Pambansa $lg . (.P. ) p%e"i#s! $i!e 2

petiti#ne% /inst the #$$ice%s #$ %esp#nent c#%p#%ti#n;

() ecti#n 1(2) #$ R!e 111 #$ the Re"ise R!es #$

C%i'in! P%#ce%e p%#hi2its the $i!in/ #$ sep%te ci"i!

cti#n in .P. cses; n (3) %esp#nent 7s /i!t #$

$#%' sh#ppin/ n nst en%ich'ent.-

The t%i! c#%t enie the '#ti#n t# is'iss in its

#%e% te Dece'2e% 10, 001. It %!e tht since the

ct c#'p!ine #$ %#se $%#' the !!e/e n#n*p'ent

#$ the petiti#ne% #$ its c#nt%ct! e2t, n n#t the

issnce #$ chec+s 7ith ins$$icient $ns, in cc#%nce

7ith A%tic!e 31 #$ the Ci"i! C#e, the ci"i! cti#n c#!

p%#cee inepenent! #$ the c%i'in! cti#ns. It si

tht ecti#n 1(2) #$ R!e 111 #$ the Re"ise R!es #$

C%i'in! P%#ce%e #es n#t pp! t# the #2!i/ti#n in

this cse, it 2ein/ ex-contractu n n#tex-delicto.-3

Resp#nent nit# P't't 2e$#%e the

et%#p#!itn T%i! C#%t #$ Psi/ Cit #c+ete s I.

N#. 00*01*00304 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300.

. Petiti#ne% is n#t /i!t #$ $#%' sh#ppin/.

3. Petiti#ne% i n#t "i#!te ecti#n 1(2) #$ R!e 111 #$

the Re"ise R!es #n C%i'in! P%#ce%e 7hen it $i!e

the c#'p!int in Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143.-9

The petiti#n is n'e%it#%i#s.

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31/127

It ppe%s tht p%i#% t# the $i!in/ #$ the cse $#%

%ec#"e% #$ s' #$ '#ne 2e$#%e the Re/i#n! T%i!

C#%t #$ n!#n/ Cit, petiti#ne% h !%e $i!e

sep%te c%i'in! c#'p!ints $#% "i#!ti#n #$ .P.

/inst the #$$ice%s #$ %esp#nent c#%p#%ti#n, Gi!

nti!!n n >nit# P't't. The 7e%e #c+ete s

I.. N#. 00*01*00304-8 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300,

-6 %especti"e!, n 7e%e 2#th penin/ 2e$#%e the

et%#p#!itn T%i! C#%t #$ Psi/ Cit. These cses

in"#!"e the s'e chec+s 7hich %e the s2ects #$ Ci"i!

Cse N#. C 01*143 2e$#%e the Re/i#n! T%i! C#%t

#$ n!#n/ Cit.

e /%ee 7ith the %!in/ #$ the C#%t #$ Appe!s

tht p#n $i!in/ #$ the c%i'in! cses $#% "i#!ti#n #$ .P., the ci"i! cti#n $#% the %ec#"e% #$ the '#nt #$ the

chec+s 7s !s# i'p!ie! institte ne% ecti#n 1(2)

#$ R!e 111 #$ the 000 R!es #n C%i'in! P%#ce%e.

Une% the p%esent %e"ise R!es, the c%i'in! cti#n $#%

"i#!ti#n #$ .P. sh!! 2e ee'e t# inc!e the

c#%%esp#nin/ ci"i! cti#n. The %ese%"ti#n t# $i!e

sep%te ci"i! cti#n is n# !#n/e% neee. - The R!es

p%#"ie=

Se5/)o+ 1. Institution of criminal and civil actions.

() @ @ @

(2) The c%i'in! cti#n $#% "i#!ti#n #$ ts P'2ns

!/. sh!! 2e ee'e t# inc!e the c#%%esp#nin/

ci"i! cti#n. N# %ese%"ti#n t# $i!e sch ci"i! cti#n

sep%te! sh!! 2e !!#7e.

Up#n $i!in/ #$ the $#%esi #int c%i'in! n ci"i!

cti#ns, the #$$ene p%t sh!! p in $!! the $i!in/ $ees

2se #n the '#nt #$ the chec+ in"#!"e, 7hich sh!!

2e c#nsie%e s the ct! '/es c!i'e. he%e the

c#'p!int #% in$#%'ti#n !s# see+s t# %ec#"e%

!i


32/127

t%ie. It sh#! 2e st%esse tht the p#!ic !i #7n 2

the R!es is t# isc#%/e the sep%te $i!in/ #$ the ci"i!

cti#n. The R!es e"en p%#hi2it the %ese%"ti#n #$

sep%te ci"i! cti#n, 7hich 'ens tht #ne cn n# !#n/e%

$i!e sep%te ci"i! cse $te% the c%i'in! c#'p!int is

$i!e in c#%t. The #n! instnce 7hen sep%te

p%#ceein/s %e !!#7e is 7hen the ci"i! cti#n is $i!e

he #$ the c%i'in! cse. E"en then, the R!es

enc#%/e the c#ns#!iti#n #$ the ci"i! n c%i'in!

cses. e h"e p%e"i#s! #2se%"e tht sep%te ci"i!

cti#n $#% the p%p#se #$ %ec#"e%in/ the '#nt #$ the

ish#n#%e chec+s 7#! #n! p%#"e t# 2e c#st!,

2%ens#'e n ti'e*c#ns'in/ $#% 2#th p%ties n

7#! $%the% e! the $in! isp#siti#n #$ the cse. This

'!tip!icit #$ sits 'st 2e "#ie. he%e petiti#ne%s

%i/hts ' 2e $!! icte in the p%#ceein/s 2e$#%e

the t%i! c#%t, %es#%t t# sep%te cti#n t# %ec#"e% ci"i!

!i2i!it is c!e%! n7%%nte.-11 In "ie7 #$ this speci!

%!e /#"e%nin/ cti#ns $#% "i#!ti#n #$ .P. , A%tic!e 31

#$ the Ci"i! C#e-1 cite 2 the t%i! c#%t 7i!! n#t pp!

t# the cse t 2%.

The penenc #$ the ci"i! cti#n 2e$#%e the c#%tt%in/ the c%i'in! cse 2%s the $i!in/ #$ n#the% ci"i!

cti#n in n#the% c#%t #n the /%#n #$ litis pendentia.

The e!e'ents #$ litis pendentia s /%#n $#% is'iss!

#$ n cti#n %e= (1) ientit #$ p%ties, #% t !est sch

p%ties 7h# %ep%esent the s'e inte%est in 2#th cti#ns;

() ientit #$ %i/hts sse%te n %e!ie$ p%e $#%, the

%e!ie$ 2ein/ $#ne #n the s'e $cts; n (3) the

ientit, 7ith %espect t# the t7# p%ecein/ p%tic!%s inthe t7# cses, is sch tht n /'ent tht ' 2e

%ene%e in the penin/ cse, %e/%!ess #$ 7hich p%t

is sccess$!, 7#! '#nt t# res judicata in the #the%.

-13

e %eect petiti#ne%s sse%ti#n tht the%e is n#

ientit #$ p%ties n cses #$ cti#n 2et7een the ci"i!

cse, Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143, n the c%i'in

cses, I.. N#. 00*01*00304 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300.

5i%st, the p%ties in Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143

%ep%esent the s'e inte%ests s the p%ties in I.. N#. 00*

01*00304 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300. I.. N#. 00*01*

00304 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300 7e%e $i!e /inst the

#$$ice%s #$ %esp#nent c#%p#%ti#n 7h# si/ne the chec+s

s /ents the%e#$. The %ec#%s inicte tht the chec+s

7e%e in $ct %7n in the cc#nt #$ %esp#nent

c#%p#%ti#n. It hs n#t 2een !!e/e in the sit tht si

#$$ice%s cte 2e#n thei% th#%it in si/nin/ the

chec+s, hence, thei% cts ' !s# 2e 2inin/ #n

%esp#nent c#%p#%ti#n, epenin/ #n the #tc#'e #$ the

p%#ceein/s.

ec#n, Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143 n I.. N#.

00*01*00304 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300 see+ t# #2tin

the s'e %e!ie$. ith the i'p!ie institti#n #$ the ci"i!

!i2i!it in the c%i'in! cti#ns 2e$#%e the et%#p#!itn

T%i! C#%t #$ Psi/ Cit, the t7# cti#ns %e 'e%/e

int# #ne c#'p#site p%#ceein/, 7ith the c%i'in! cti#n

p%e#'intin/ the ci"i!. The p%i'e p%p#se #$ the

c%i'in! cti#n is t# pnish the #$$ene% t# ete% hi' n

#the%s $%#' c#''ittin/ the s'e #% si'i!% #$$ense, t#

is#!te hi' $%#' s#ciet, %e$#%' #% %eh2i!itte hi' #%, in

/ene%!, t# 'intin s#ci! #%e%. The p%p#se

'en7hi!e, #$ the ci"i! cti#n is $#% the %estitti#n

%ep%ti#n #% ine'ni$icti#n #$ the p%i"te #$$ene

p%t $#% the '/e #% in% he sstine 2 %es#n #$

the e!ict! #% $e!#ni#s ct #$ the ccse. -14 ?ence

the %e!ie$ s#/ht in the ci"i! spect #$ I.. N#. 00*01*

00304 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300 is the s'e s th

s#/ht in Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143, tht is, the

%ec#"e% #$ the '#nt #$ the chec+s, 7hich, cc#%in/

t# petiti#ne%, %ep%esents the '#nt t# 2e pi 2

%esp#nent $#% its p%chses. T# !!#7 petiti#ne% t#

p%#cee 7ith Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143 espite the

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$i!in/ #$ I.. N#. 00*01*00304 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300

'i/ht %es!t t# #2!e p'ent #$ its c!i'.

Petiti#ne% c#ntens tht the%e is n# ientit #$

cses #$ cti#n in the ci"i! n c%i'in! cses s the

'#nt c!i'e in Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143 is

/%ete% thn the t#t! '#nt #$ the chec+s in"#!"e in

I.. N#. 00*01*00304 n I.. N#. 00*01*00300. e %e

n#t pe%se. e $in tht the inc!si#n #$ iti#n!

chec+s in Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143 is n tte'pt t#

ci%c'"ent the %!e /inst $#%' sh#ppin/, t# '+e it

ppe% tht the #2ects #$ the ci"i! n c%i'in!

p%#ceein/s %e i$$e%ent. It is c!e% $%#' the %ec#%s tht

the chec+s in"#!"e in I.. N#. 00*01*00304-1: n I..

N#. 00*01*00300-19

%e the s'e chec+s cite 2 petiti#ne% in Ci"i! Cse N#. C 01*143.-18 The C#%t

7i!! ce%tin! n#t !!#7 petiti#ne% t# %ec#"e% s' #$

'#ne t7ice 2se #n the s'e set #$ chec+s. Neithe%

7i!! the C#%t !!#7 it t# p%#cee 7ith t7# cti#ns 2se

#n the s'e set #$ chec+s t# inc%ese its chnces #$

#2tinin/ $"#%2!e %!in/. ch %ns c#nte% t# the

C#%ts p#!ic /inst $#%' sh#ppin/ 7hich is

ep!#%2!e p%ctice #$ !iti/nts in %es#%tin/ t# t7#i$$e%ent $#% $#% the p%p#se #$ #2tinin/ the s'e %e!ie$

t# inc%ese his chnces #$ #2tinin/ $"#%2!e

/'ent.-16 It is p%ctice tht %iic!es the ici!

p%#cess, p!s h"#c 7ith the %!es #n #%e%! p%#ce%e,

n is "e@ti#s n n$i% t# the #the% p%ties #$ the

cse.-1

Ths, 7e $in tht the C#%t #$ Appe!s c#''itte

n# %e"e%si2!e e%%#% in the ssi!e ecisi#n n

%es#!ti#n.

IN IE6 6$EREO4, the petiti#n is DENIED.

SO ORDERED.

A5EGUARD ECURITH G.R. NO. 19:83

AGENCH, INC., n ADER

PA>ARILLO,

Petiti#ne%s,

P%esent=

PANGANIAN, ).*.M

HNARE*ANTIAGO, +Wor!ing )hairperson

* "e%ss * AUTRIA*ARTINE,

CALLE>O, R., n

C?ICO*NAARIO, JJ .

LAURO TANGCO, VAL TANGCO,

VERN LARRH TANGCO, VAN

LAURO TANGCO, VON LARRIE

TANGCO, VIEN LARI TANGCO

n VIVIEN LAURI TANGCO, P%#'!/te=

Resp#nents. Dece'2e% 14, 009

@* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * * * @

D E C I S I O N

A;STRIA"MARTINE&, J .3

e$#%e s is petiti#n $#% %e"ie7

#n certiorari $i!e 2 $e/% ec%it A/enc, Inc

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($e/%) n A'e% P%i!!# (P%i!!#) ssi!in/ the

Decisi#n-1 te >! 19, 004 n the

Res#!ti#n- te Oct#2e% 0, 004 isse 2 the C#%t

#$ Appe!s (CA) in CA*G.R. CV N#. 8849.

On N#"e'2e% 3, 18, t 2#t =:0 p.'.,

E"n/e!ine Tn/c# (E"n/e!ine) 7ent t# Ec#!#/

n+, tipnn %nch, e#n Cit, t# %ene7 he%

ti'e ep#sit pe% "ise #$ the 2n+s cshie% s she 7#!

si/n speci'en c%. E"n/e!ine, ! !icense

$i%e%' h#!e% 7ith c#%%esp#nin/ pe%'it t# c%% the

s'e #tsie he% %esience, pp%#che sec%it

/% P%i!!#, 7h# 7s stti#ne #tsie the 2n+, n

p!!e #t he% $i%e%' $%#' he% 2/ t# ep#sit the s'e

$#% s$e+eepin/. en!,P%i!!# sh#t E"n/e!ine 7ith

his se%"ice sh#t/n hittin/ he% in the 2#'en instnt!

csin/ he% eth.

L%# Tn/c#, E"n/e!ines hs2n, t#/ethe% 7ith his

si@ 'in#% chi!%en (%esp#nents) $i!e 7ith the Re/i#n!

T%i! C#%t (RTC) #$ e#n Cit, c%i'in! cse #$

?#'icie /inst P%i!!#, #c+ete s C%i'in! Cse

N#. 0*8*83609 n ssi/ne t# %nch 86. Resp#nents

%ese%"e thei% %i/ht t# $i!e sep%te ci"i! cti#n in the

si c%i'in! cse. The RTC #$ e#n Cit

s2se


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4. T?REE

?UNDRED

T?OUAND PEO

(P300,000.00), s

e@e'p!% '/es;

:. T?IRTH

T?OUAND PEO

(P30,000.00), s

tt#%nes $ees; n

9. c#sts #$ sit.

5#% !c+ #$ 'e%it, e$ennts

c#nte%c!i' is he%e2 DIIED.

O ORDERED. -6

The RTC $#n %esp#nents t# 2e entit!e t#

'/es. It %eecte P%i!!#s c!i' tht he 'e%e! cte

in se!$*e$ense. It /"e n# c%eence t# P%i!!#s 2%e

c!i' tht E"n/e!ine 7s seen %#'in/ %#n the %e

p%i#% t# the sh##tin/ incient since P%i!!# h n#t

'e sch %ep#%t t# the he #$$ice n the p#!ice

th#%ities. The RTC $%the% %!e tht 2ein/ the /%

#n t, the sitti#n e'ne tht he sh#! h"e

e@e%cise p%#pe% p%ence n necess% c%e 2 s+in/

E"n/e!ine $#% hi' t# sce%tin the 'tte% inste #$

sh##tin/ he% instnt!; tht P%i!!# h !%e 2een

c#n"icte #$ ?#'icie in C%i'in! Cse N#. 0*8*

83609; n tht he !s# $i!e t# p%#$$e% p%##$ ne/tin/

!i2i!it in the instnt cse.

The RTC !s# $#n $e/% s e'p!#e%

#$ P%i!!# t# 2e #int! n se"e%!! !i2!e

7ith P%i!!#. It %!e tht 7hi!e it ' 2e c#ncee tht

$e/% h pe%hps e@e%cise c%e in the se!ecti#n #$

its e'p!#ees, p%tic!%! #$ P%i!!#, the%e 7s n#

s$$icient e"ience t# sh#7 tht $e/% e@e%cise the

i!i/ence #$ /## $the% #$ $'i! in the spe%"isi#n

#$ its e'p!#ee; tht $e/%s e"ience si'p!

sh#7e tht it %e! 19, 004, the CA isse its ssi!e

Decisi#n, the isp#siti"e p#%ti#n #$ 7hich %es=

IN VIE O5 ALL T?E

5OREGOING, the ppe!e ecisi#n is

he%e2 A55IRED, 7ith the

'#i$icti#n tht $e/% ec%it

A/enc, Inc.s ci"i! !i2i!it in this cse

is #n! s2sii% ne% A%t.

103 #$ the Re"ise Pen! C#e. N#

p%#n#nce'ent s t# c#sts.-

In $inin/ tht $e/% is

#n! s2sii%i! !i2!e, the CA he! tht the pp!ic2!e

p%#"isi#ns %e n#t A%tic!e 160 in %e!ti#n t# A%tic!e

189 #$ the Ci"i! C#e, #n quasi*delicts, 2t the

p%#"isi#ns #n ci"i! !i2i!it %isin/ $%#' $e!#nies ne%

the Re"ise Pen! C#e; tht since P%i!!# h 2een

$#n /i!t #$ ?#'icie in $in

n e@ect#% /'ent n is si t# 2e se%"in/

sentence in ntin!p, he 'st 2e /e ci"i!!

!i2!e ne% the p%#"isi#ns #$ A%tic!e 100 #$ the Re"ise

Pen! C#e since the ci"i! !i2i!it %ec#"e%2!e in the

c%i'in! cti#n is #ne s#!e! epenent p#n c#n"icti#n,

2ecse si !i2i!it %ises $%#' the #$$ense ch%/e n

n# #the%; tht this is !s# the ci"i! !i2i!it tht is ee'e

e@tin/ishe 7ith the e@tincti#n #$ the pen! !i2i!it

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7ith p%#n#nce'ent tht the $ct $%#' 7hich the ci"i!

cti#n 'i/ht p%#cee #es n#t e@ist; tht n!i+e in ci"i!

!i2i!it %isin/ $%#' quasi-delict , the e$ense #$

i!i/ence #$ /## $the% #$ $'i! in the e'p!#'ent

n spe%"isi#n #$ e'p!#ees is inpp!ic2!e n

i%%e!e"nt in ci"i! !i2i!ities 2se #n c%i'es #% ex-

delicto; tht A%tic!e 103 #$ the Re"ise Pen! C#e

p%#"ies tht the !i2i!it #$ n e'p!#e% $#% the ci"i!

!i2i!it #$ thei% e'p!#ees is #n! s2sii%, n#t #int

#% s#!i%.

Petiti#ne%s $i!e thei% #ti#n $#%

Rec#nsie%ti#n 7hich the CA enie in Res#!ti#n

te Oct#2e% 0, 004.

?ence, the instnt Petiti#n $#% Re"ie7

#n )ertiorari 7ith the $#!!#7in/ ssi/n'ent #$ e%%#%s, t#

7it=

The ?#n#%2!e C#%t #$

Appe!s /%"e! e%%e in $inin/

petiti#ne% P%i!!# !i2!e t# %esp#nents

$#% the p'ent #$ '/es n #the%

'#ne c!i's.

The ?#n#%2!e C#%t #$

Appe!s /%"e! e%%e 7hen it pp!ie

A%tic!e 103 #$ the Re"ise Pen! C#e

in h#!in/ petiti#ne%

$e/% s#!i%i! -sic !i2!e 7ith

petiti#ne% P%i!!# $#% the p'ent #$

'/es n #the% '#ne c!i's.

The ?#n#%2!e C#%t #$ Appe!s

/%"e! e%%e in $i!in/ t# $in tht

petiti#ne% $e/% ec%it A/enc,

Inc. e@e%cise e i!i/ence in the

se!ecti#n n spe%"isi#n #$ its

e'p!#ees, hence, sh#! 2e e@cse

$%#' n !i2i!it.-10

The isses $#% %es#!ti#n %e 7hethe%

(1) P%i!!# is /i!t #$ ne/!i/ence in sh##tin/

E"n/e!ine; n () $e/% sh#! 2e

he! s#!i%i! !i2!e $#% the '/es 7%e t#

%esp#nents.

$e/% insists tht the c!i' $#% '/es 2

%esp#nents is 2se #n culpa aquiliana ne% A%tic!e

189-11 #$ the Ci"i! C#e, in 7hich cse, its !i2i!it is

#int! n se"e%!! 7ith P%i!!#. ?#7e"e%, since i

hs est2!ishe tht it h e@e%cise e i!i/ence in the

se!ecti#n n spe%"isi#n #$ P%i!!#, it sh#! 2e

e@#ne%te $%#' ci"i! !i2i!it.

e 7i!! $i%st %es#!"e 7hethe% the CA c#%%ect!

he! tht %esp#nents, in $i!in/ sep%te ci"i! cti#n

/inst petiti#ne%s %e !i'ite t# the %ec#"e% #$

'/es %isin/ $%#' c%i'e #% delict , in 7hich cse the

!i2i!it #$ $e/% s e'p!#e% ne% A%tic!es 10

n 103 #$ the Re"ise Pen! C#e -1 is s2sii% n

the e$ense #$ e i!i/ence in the se!ecti#n n

spe%"isi#n #$ e'p!#ee is n#t "i!2!e t# it.

The CA e%%e in %!in/ tht the !i2i!it #$

$e/% is #n! s2sii%.

The !7 t the ti'e the c#'p!int $#% '/es

7s $i!e is R!e 111 #$ the 16: R!es #n C%i'in!

P%#ce%e, s 'ene, t# 7it=

ECTION 1. #nstitution of

criminal and civil actions. * hen

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c%i'in! cti#n is institte, the ci"i! cti

#n $#% the %ec#"e% #$ ci"i!

!i2i!it is i'p!ie! institte 7ith the

c%i'in! cti#n, n!ess the #$$ene

p%t 7i"es the ci"i! cti#n, %ese%"es

his %i/ht t# institte it sep%te!, #%

instittes the ci"i! cti#n p%i#% t# the

c%i'in! cti#n.

ch ci"i! cti#n inc!es

%ec#"e% #$ ine'nit ne% the Re"ise

Pen! C#e, n '/es ne% A%tic!es

3, 33, 34, n 189 #$ the Ci"i! C#e

#$ the Phi!ippines %isin/ $%#' the s'e

ct #% #'issi#n #$ the ccse.

Resp#nents %ese%"e the %i/ht t# $i!e sep%te

ci"i! cti#n n in $ct $i!e the s'e #n >n% 14,

16.

The CA $#n tht the s#%ce #$ '/es in the

instnt cse 'st 2e the c%i'e #$ h#'icie, $#% 7hich he

h !%e 2een $#n /i!t #$ n se%"in/ sentence

the%e#$, ths 'st 2e /#"e%ne 2 the Re"ise Pen!

C#e.

e # n#t /%ee.

An ct #% #'issi#n csin/ '/e t# n#the%

' /i"e %ise t# t7# sep%te ci"i! !i2i!ities #n the p%t

#$ the #$$ene%, i.e., (1) ci"i! !i2i!it ex delicto, ne%

A%tic!e 100 #$ the Re"ise Pen! C#e; n ()

inepenent ci"i! !i2i!ities, sch s th#se () n#t %isin/

$%#' n ct #% #'issi#n c#'p!ine #$ s

$e!#n, e.g ., culpa c#nt%ct! #% #2!i/ti#ns %isin/ $%#'

!7 ne% A%tic!e 31 #$ the Ci"i! C#e, intenti#n! t#%ts

ne% A%tic!es 3 n 34, '+* culpa a-uiliana -+*er

Ar/)5e 21: o /e C)v) Co*e; #% (2) 7he%e the in%e

p%t is /%nte %i/ht t# $i!e n cti#n inepenent n

istinct $%#' the c%i'in! cti#n ne% A%tic!e 33 #$ the

Ci"i! C#e. Eithe% #$ these !i2i!ities ' 2e en$#%ce

/inst the #$$ene% s2ect t# the c"et ne% A%tic!e

188 #$ the Ci"i! C#e tht the #$$ene p%t cnn#t

%ec#"e% '/es t7ice $#% the s'e ct #% #'issi#n #%

ne% 2#th cses.-13

It is i'p#%tnt t# ete%'ine the nt%e #

%esp#nents cse #$ cti#n. The nt%e #$ cse #$

cti#n is ete%'ine 2 the $cts !!e/e in the c#'p!int

s c#nstittin/ the cse #$ cti#n. -14 The p%p#se #$ n

cti#n #% sit n the !7 t# /#"e%n it is t# 2e ete%'ine

n#t 2 the c!i' #$ the p%t $i!in/ the cti#n, 'e in

his %/'ent #% 2%ie$, 2t %the% 2 the c#'p!int itse!$

its !!e/ti#ns n p%e% $#% %e!ie$.-1:

The pe%tinent p#%ti#ns #$ the c#'p!int %e=

8. Tht

De$ennt A'e% A. P%i!!# 7s the

/% ssi/ne n p#ste in the

Ec#!#/

n+ tipnn %nch, e#n Cit,

7h# 7s e'p!#e n ne%

e'p!#'ent #$ $e/% ec%it

A/enc, Inc. hence the%e is e'p!#e%*

e'p!#ee %e!ti#nship 2et7een c#*

e$ennts.

The $e/% ec%it A/enc, Inc.

$i!e t# #2se%"e the i!i/ence #$ /##

$the% #$ $'i! t# p%e"ent '/e t#

he%ein p!inti$$s.

6. Tht

e$ennt A'e% P%i!!# p#n seein/

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E"n/e!ine Tn/c#, 7h# 2%#/ht he%

$i%e%' #t #$ he% 2/, sen! 7ith#t

e@e%cisin/ necess% cti#nc%e, n in

ii#tic 'nne%, 7ith the se #$ his

sh#t/n, $i%e n 2%st 2!!ets p#n

E"n/e!ine . Tn/c#, +i!!in/ he%

instnt!. @ @ @

@ @ @ @

19. Tht e$ennts, 2ein/

e'p!#e% n the e'p!#ee %e #int!

n se"e%!! !i2!e $#% the eth #$

E"n/e!ine . Tn/c#.-19

Ths, %ein/ #$ %esp#nents c#'p!int sh#7s tht the

!tte% %e in"#+in/ thei% %i/ht t# %ec#"e% '/es /inst

$e/% $#% thei% "ic%i#s %esp#nsi2i!it $#% the in%

cse 2 P%i!!#s ct #$ sh##tin/ n +i!!in/

E"n/e!ine ne% A%tic!e 189, Ci"i! C#e 7hich

p%#"ies=

ARTICLE 189. h#e"e% 2

ct #% #'issi#n cses '/e t#

n#the%, the%e 2ein/ $!t #% ne/!i/ence,

is #2!i/e t# p $#% the '/e #ne.

ch $!t #% ne/!i/ence, i$ the%e is n#

p%e*e@istin/ c#nt%ct! %e!ti#n 2et7een

the p%ties is c!!e


39/127

The ci"i! cti#n $i!e 2 %esp#nents 7s n#t

e%i"e $%#' the c%i'in! !i2i!it #$ P%i!!# in the

c%i'in! cse 2t #ne 2se #n culpa aquiliana #% quasi-

delict 7hich is sep%te n istinct $%#' the ci"i!

!i2i!it %isin/ $%#' c%i'e.-16 The s#%ce #$ the

#2!i/ti#n s#/ht t# 2e en$#%ce in the ci"i! cse is

quasi-delict n#t n ct #% #'issi#n pnish2!e 2 !7.

In $ermude/ v. %elencio-0errera,-1 7he%e the

isse in"#!"e 7s 7hethe% the ci"i! cti#n $i!e 2

p!inti$$*ppe!!nts is $#ne #n c%i'e #% #n


40/127

As c!e%! sh#7n 2 the !!e/ti#ns in the

c#'p!int, %esp#nents cse #$ cti#n is 2se

#n quasi*delict . Une% A%tic!e 160 #$ the Ci"i! C#e,

7hen the in% is cse 2 the ne/!i/ence #$ the

e'p!#ee, the%e instnt! %ises p%es'pti#n #$ !7

tht the%e 7s ne/!i/ence #n the p%t #$ the 'ste% #% the

e'p!#e% eithe% in the se!ecti#n #$ the se%"nt #%

e'p!#ee, #% in the spe%"isi#n #"e% hi' $te% se!ecti#n

#% 2#th. The !i2i!it #$ the e'p!#e% ne% A%tic!e 160

is i%ect n i''eite. The%e$#%e, it is inc'2ent p#n

petiti#ne%s t# p%#"e tht the e@e%cise the i!i/ence #$

/## $the% #$ $'i! in the se!ecti#n n spe%"isi#n

#$ thei% e'p!#ee.

e 'st $i%st %es#!"e the isse #$

7hethe% P%i!!# 7s ne/!i/ent in sh##tin/ E"n/e!ine.

The isse #$ ne/!i/ence is $ct! in nt%e.

hethe% pe%s#n is ne/!i/ent #% n#t is


41/127

E"n/e!ine 7s seen %#'in/ ne% the "icinit #$ the

2n+ n ctin/ sspici#s! p%i#% t# the sh##tin/

incient. In $ct, the%e is n# e"ience tht P%i!!# c!!e

the ttenti#n #$ his he /% #% the 2n+s 2%nch

'n/e% %e/%in/ his c#nce%ns #% tht he %ep#%te the

s'e t# the p#!ice th#%ities 7h#se #tp#st is st 2#t

1: 'ete%s $%#' the 2n+.

#%e#"e%, i$ E"n/e!ine 7s !%e %#'in/

the "icinit #$ the 2n+, she c#! h"e !%e pp%ise

he%se!$ tht P%i!!#, 7h# 7s p#ste #tsie the 2n+,

7s %'e 7ith sh#t/n; tht the%e 7e%e t7# /%s

insie the 2n+ -30 'nnin/ the ent%nce ##%. Ths, it is


42/127

p%i#% t# the sh##tin/ incient. E"n/e!ines eth 7s

'e%e! e t# P%i!!#s ne/!i/ence in sh##tin/ he% #n

his i'/ine th%et tht E"n/e!ine 7i!! %#2 the 2n+.

$e/% c#ntens tht it cnn#t 2e #int! he!

!i2!e since it h e


43/127

2siness #$ n 2ene$ici! t# thei% e'p!#e%. T# this, 7e

tht ct! i'p!e'entti#n n '#nit#%in/ #$

c#nsistent c#'p!ince 7ith si %!es sh#! 2e the

c#nstnt c#nce%n #$ the e'p!#e%, ctin/ th%#/h

epen2!e spe%"is#%s 7h# sh#! %e/!%! %ep#%t #n

thei% spe%"is#% $ncti#ns.-39 T# est2!ish these $ct#%s

in t%i! in"#!"in/ the isse #$ "ic%i#s !i2i!it,

e'p!#e%s 'st s2'it c#nc%ete p%##$, inc!in/

#c'ent% e"ience.

e /%ee 7ith the RTCs $inin/ tht $e/%

h e@e%cise the i!i/ence in the se!ecti#n

#$ P%i!!# since the %ec#% sh#7s

tht P%i!!# ne%7ent psch#!#/ic! n ne%#*

pschit%ic e"!ti#n c#ncte 2 the t. %tin

e P#%%es Cente% 7he%e n# psch#ses ieti#ns 7e%e

n#te, s2'itte ce%ti$icti#n #n the P%e*!icensin/

t%inin/ c#%se $#% sec%it /%s, s 7e!! s p#!ice n

NI c!e%nces.

The RTC i n#t e%% in %!in/ tht $e/% $e!!

sh#%t #$ the i!i/ence %e


44/127

2 %esp#nents in c#nnecti#n 7ith the 2%i! #$

E"n/e!ine 7e%e spp#%te 2 %eceipts. The 7%

#$P:0,000.00 s ci"i! ine'nit $#% the eth #$

E"n/e!ine is !i+e7ise in #%e%.

As t# the 7% #$ '#%! '/es, A%tic!e 09

#$ the Ci"i! C#e p%#"ies tht the sp#se, !e/iti'te

chi!%en n i!!e/iti'te escennts n scennts #$

the ecese ' e'n '#%! '/es $#% 'ent!

n/ish 2 %es#n #$ the eth #$ the ecese. #%!

'/es %e 7%e t# en2!e the in%e p%t t#

#2tin 'ens, i"e%si#ns #% 'se'ents tht 7i!! se%"e

t# !!e"ite the '#%! s$$e%in/ heshe hs ne%/#ne, 2

%es#n #$ the e$ennts c!p2!e cti#n. Its 7% is

i'e t %est#%ti#n, s 'ch s p#ssi2!e, #$ the

spi%it! status quo ante1 ths it 'st 2e p%#p#%ti#nte t#

the s$$e%in/ in$!icte.-4: The intensit #$ the pin

e@pe%ience 2 the %e!ti"es #$ the "icti' is

p%#p#%ti#nte t# the intensit #$ $$ecti#n $#% hi' n

2e%s n# %e!ti#n 7hts#e"e% 7ith the 7e!th #% 'ens #$

the #$$ene% .-49

In this cse, %esp#nents testi$ie s t# thei%

'#%! s$$e%in/ cse 2 E"n/e!ines eth 7s s#

sen csin/ %esp#nent L%# t# !#se 7i$e n

'#the% t# si@ chi!%en 7h# 7e%e !! 'in#%s t the ti'e #$

he% eth. In People v. "eehan!ee, *r.,-48 7e 7%e #ne

'i!!i#n pes#s s '#%! '/es t# the hei%s #$

se"enteen*e%*#! /i%! 7h# 7s '%e%e. In %etro

%anila "ransit )orporation v. )ourt of ppeals,-46 7e

!i+e7ise 7%e the '#nt #$ #ne 'i!!i#n pes#s s

'#%! '/es t# the p%ents #$ thi% e% hi/h sch##!

stent n 7h# 7s !s# thei% #n/est chi! 7h# ie

in "ehic!% ccient since the /i%!s eth !e$t "#i in

thei% !i"es. ?ence, 7e h#! tht the %esp#nents %e !s#

entit!e t# the '#nt #$ #ne 'i!!i#n pes#s s

E"n/e!ines eth !e$t "#i in the !i"es #$ he% hs2n

n 'in#% chi!%en s the 7e%e ep%i"e #$ he% !#"e n

c%e 2 he% nti'e! e'ise.

e !i+e7ise ph#! the 7% #$ e@e'p!%

'/es in the '#nt #$ P300,000.00. Une% A%tic!e

#$ the Ci"i! C#e, e@e'p!% '/es %e i'p#se

2 7 #$ e@'p!e #% c#%%ecti#n $#% the p2!ic /##, in

iti#n t# '#%!, te'pe%te, !i! 19, 004 #$ the

C#%t #$ Appe!s

is A44IRMED 7ith MODI4ICATION tht the ci"i

!i2i!it #$ petiti#ne% $e/% ec%it A/enc, Inc

is SOLIDARY nPRIMARY ne% A%tic!e 160 #

the Ci"i! C#e.

SO ORDERED.

[G.R. No. 170. A


45/127

P$ILIPPINE RAIT ;S LINES, INC., petitioner,

vs. PEOPLE O4 T$E

P$ILIPPINES, respondent .

D E C I S I O N

PANGANIAN, J.0

hen the ccse*e'p!#ee 2sc#ns #% 'ps

2i!, the /'ent 'ete #t 2ec#'es $in! n

e@ect#%. The e'p!#e% cnn#t e$et the $in!it #$ the

/'ent 2 $i!in/ n#tice #$ ppe! #n its #7n 2eh!$

in the /ise #$ s+in/ $#% %e"ie7 #$ its s2sii% ci"i!

!i2i!it. #th the p%i'% ci"i! !i2i!it #$ the ccse*

e'p!#ee n the s2sii% ci"i! !i2i!it #$ the

e'p!#e% %e c%%ie in #ne sin/!e ecisi#n tht hs

2ec#'e $in! n e@ect#%.

Te C'(e

e$#%e this C#%t is Petiti#n $#% Re"ie7 -1 ne%

R!e 4: #$ the R!es #$ C#%t, ssi!in/ the %ch ,

000- n the %ch 8, 001-3 Res#!ti#ns #$ the

C#%t #$ Appe!s (CA) in CA*GR CV N#.:30. Petiti#ne%s ppe! $%#' the /'ent #$ the

Re/i#n! T%i! C#%t (RTC) #$ n 5e%nn#, L Uni#n

in C%i'in! Cse N#. :3: 7s is'isse in the $i%st

Res#!ti#n s $#!!#7s=

?ERE5ORE, $#% !! the $#%e/#in/, the '#ti#n t#

is'iss is GRANTED n the ppe! is #%e%e

DIIED.-4

The sec#n Res#!ti#n enie petiti#ne%s #ti#n

$#% Rec#nsie%ti#n.-:

Te 4'5/(

The $cts #$ the cse %e s''%ie 2 the CA in

this 7ise=

On >! 8, 14, ccse -Np#!e#n

R#'n y cn/n/ 7s $#n /i!t n

c#n"icte #$ the c%i'e #$ %ec+!ess i'p%ence %es!tin/

t# t%ip!e h#'icie, '!tip!e phsic! in%ies n '/e

t# p%#pe%t n 7s sentence t# s$$e% the pen!t #$

$#% (4) e%s, nine () '#nths n e!e"en (11) s t#

si@ (9) e%s, n t# p '/es s $#!!#7s=

. t# p the hei%s #$ >UTINO TORRE the

s' #$ P:0,000.00 s ine'nit $#% his

eth, p!s the s' #$ P:,363.00, $#%

$ne%! e@penses, his ne%ne inc#'e

$#% #ne e% t P,:00.00

'#nth, P:0,000.00 s ine'nit $#% the

spp#%t #$ Rent# T#%%es, n the $%the%s' #$P300,000.00 s '#%! '/es;

2. t# the hei%s #$ ETRELLA VELERO, the

s' #$ P:0,000.00 s ine'nit $#% he%

eth, the s' #$ P38,33.8: $#%

$ne%! e@penses, he% ne%ne inc#'e

$#% th%ee e%s t P4:,000.00 pe% nn'

n the $%the% s' #$ P1,000,000.00 s

'#%! '/es n P00,000.00 s

tt#%nes $ees-;

c. t# the hei%s #$ LORNA ANC?ETA, the s'

#$ P:0,000.00 s ine'nit $#% he%

eth, the s' #$ P,636.00 s $ne%!

e@penses, the s' #$ P0,:44.4 s

'eic! e@penses n he% !#ss #$ inc#'e

$#% 30 e%s t P1,000.00 pe% '#nth, n

the $%the% s' #$ P100,000.00 $#%

'#%! '/es;

. t# AUREEN RENNAN, the s'

#$ P,9:4.00 s h#spit! e@penses

#ct#%s $ees #$ P180,000.00 $#% the

#%th#peic s%/e#n, P,:00.00 $#% the

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn5


46/127

-ne%#!#/ist, n iti#n! ine'nit

-#$ t !est P1:0,000.00 t# c#"e% $t%e

c#%%ecti#n #$ e$#%'it #$ he% !i'2s, n

'#%! '/es in the '#nt

#$ P1,000,000.00;

e. t# ROIE ALA>O, the s' #$ P3,:91.49 s

'eic! e@penses, P,000.00 s !#ss #$

inc#'e, n P:,000.00 s '#%!

'/es;

$. t# TEREITA TAONDONG, the s'

#$ P1,600.48 s 'eic!

e@penses, P600.00 $#% !#ss #$ inc#'e,

n P:,000.00 s '#%! '/es;

/. t# >ULIANA TATA, the '#nt

#$ P:60.61 s 'eic!

e@penses, P4,900.00 s ct! '/es

n he% !#ss e%nin/s #$ P1,400.00 s

7e!! s '#%! '/es in the '#nt

#$ P10,000.00;

h. t# IGUEL ARUITOLA, the s'

#$ P1,483.6 s h#spit!

e@penses, P14,:30.00 s #ct#%s

$ees, P1,000.00 $#% 'eicines

n P:0,000.00 s '#%! '/es;

i. t# CLARITA CAANAN, the s'

#$ P1::.00 $#% 'eic!

e@penses, P68.00 $#% 'eicines, P1,810.00 s ct! '/es

n P:,000.00 s '#%! '/es;

. t# ARIANO CAANAN, the s'

#$ P1,3:.00 $#% h#spit! 2i!!s, P:00.00

$#% 'eicine, P,100.00 s ct!

'/es, P1,00.00 $#% !#ss #$ inc#'e

n P:,000.00 s '#%! '/es;

+. t# L Uni#n E!ect%ic C#'pn s the

%e/iste%e #7ne% #$ the T##t ?i*Ace

Vn, the '#nt #$ P:0,000.00 s

ct! '/es $#% the c#st #$ the t#t!!

7%ec+e "ehic!e; t# the #7ne% #$ the

eepne, the '#nt #$ P,96.36 s

ct! '/es;

The c#%t $%the% %!e tht -petiti#ne%, in the e"ent #$

the ins#!"enc #$ ccse, sh!! 2e !i2!e $#% the ci"i

!i2i!ities #$ the ccse. E"ient!, the /'ent /ins

ccse h 2ec#'e $in! n e@ect#%.

A'itte!, ccse h 'pe 2i! n %e'ine t*

!%/e. It is 7#%th 'enti#n-in/ tht ecti#n 6, R!e 14

#$ the R!es #$ C#%t th#%ies the is'iss! #$ ppe!

7hen ppe!!nt 'ps 2i!. C#nse! $#% ccse, !s#

'itte! hi%e n p%#"ie 2 -petiti#ne%, $i!e

n#tice #$ ppe! 7hich 7s enie 2 the t%i! c#%t. e

$$i%'e the eni! #$ the n#tice #$ ppe! $i!e in 2eh!$

#$ ccse.

i'!tne#s!, #n A/st 9, 14, -petiti#ne% $i!e its

n#tice #$ ppe! $%#' the /'ent #$ the t%i

c#%t. On Ap%i! , 18, the t%i! c#%t /"e e c#%se

t# -petiti#ne%s n#tice #$ ppe!. On Dece'2e% 6, 16

-petiti#ne% $i!e its 2%ie$. On Dece'2e% , 16, the

O$$ice #$ the #!icit#% Gene%! %ecei"e - c#p #$

-petiti#ne%s 2%ie$. On >n% 6, 1, the OG '#"e

t# 2e e@cse $%#' $i!in/ -%esp#nents 2%ie$ #n the

/%#n tht the OGs th#%it t# %ep%esent Pe#p!e is

c#n$ine t# c%i'in! cses #n ppe!. The '#ti#n 7s

h#7e"e% enie pe% O% %es#!ti#n #$ 31, 1. On

%ch , 1, -%esp#nentp%i"te p%#sect#% $i!e the

instnt '#ti#n t# is'iss.-9 (Citti#ns #'itte)

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/147703.htm#_ftn6


47/127

R-)+ o /e Co-r/ o A


48/127

e!!*est2!ishe in #% %isicti#n is the p%incip!e

tht the ppe!!te c#%t ', p#n '#ti#n #% motu

proprio, is'iss n ppe! %in/ its penenc i$ the

ccse 'ps 2i!. The sec#n p%/%ph #$ ecti#n 6

#$ R!e 14 #$ the 000 Re"ise R!es #$ C%i'in!

P%#ce%e p%#"ies=

The C#%t #$ Appe!s ' !s#, p#n '#ti#n #$ the

ppe!!ee #% motu proprio, is'iss the ppe! i$ the

ppe!!nt escpes $%#' p%is#n #% c#n$ine'ent, 'ps

2i! #% $!ees t# $#%ei/n c#nt% %in/ the penenc #$

the ppe!.-1

This %!e is 2se #n the %ti#n!e tht ppe!!nts

!#se thei% stnin/ in c#%t 7hen the 2sc#n. Un!ess

the s%%ene% #% s2'it t# the c#%ts %isicti#n, the

%e ee'e t# h"e 7i"e thei% %i/ht t# see+ ici!

%e!ie$.-13

#%e#"e%, this #ct%ine pp!ies n#t #n! t# the

ccse 7h# 'ps 2i! %in/ the ppe!, 2t !s# t#

#ne 7h# #es s# %in/ the t%i!. >stice 5!#%en D.

Re/!# sccinct! e@p!ins the p%incip!e in this 7ise=

@ @ @. hen, s in this cse, the ccse escpe $te%

his %%i/n'ent n %in/ the t%i!, 2t the t%i! in

absentia p%#ceee %es!tin/ in the p%#'!/ti#n #$

/'ent /inst hi' n his c#nse! ppe!e, since he

n#nethe!ess %e'ine t !%/e his ppe! 'st 2e

is'isse 2 n!#/ 7ith the $#%esi p%#"isi#n #$ this

R!e -R!e 14, 6 #$ the R!es #n C%i'in! P%#ce%e. @

@ @-14

The ccse cnn#t 2e cc#%e the %i/ht t# ppe!

n!ess the "#!nt%i! s2'it t# the %isicti#n #$ the

c#%t #% %e #the%7ise %%este 7ithin 1: s $%#'

n#tice #$ the /'ent /inst the'. -1: hi!e t !%/e,

the cnn#t see+ %e!ie$ $%#' the c#%t, s the %e

ee'e t# h"e 7i"e the ppe!.-19

Finality of a *ecision

in a Criminal Case

As t# 7hen /'ent #$ c#n"icti#n ttins $in!it

is e@p!ine in ecti#n 8 #$ R!e 10 #$ the 000 R!es

#$ C%i'in! P%#ce%e, 7hich 7e


49/127

/ests !#/in/ the%ein, #% $#% p'ent #$ the "!e

the%e#$, p%#"ie tht sch /ests sh!! h"e n#ti$ie in

"nce the inn+eepe% hi'se!$, #% the pe%s#n

%ep%esentin/ hi', #$ the ep#sit #$ sch /##s 7ithin the

inn; n sh!! $%the%'#%e h"e $#!!#7e the i%ecti#ns

7hich sch inn+eepe% #% his %ep%esentti"e ' h"e

/i"en the' 7ith %espect t# the c%e n "i/i!nce #"e%

sch /##s. N# !i2i!it sh!! ttch in cse #$ %#22e%

7ith "i#!ence /inst #% inti'iti#n #$ pe%s#ns n!ess

c#''itte 2 the inn+eepe%s e'p!#ees.

#%e#"e%, the $#%e/#in/ s2sii% !i2i!it pp!ies

t# e'p!#e%s, cc#%in/ t# A%tic!e 103 7hich %es=

The s2sii% !i2i!it est2!ishe in the ne@t p%ecein/

%tic!e sh!! !s# pp! t# e'p!#e%s, teche%s, pe%s#ns,

n c#%p#%ti#ns en//e in n +in #$ inst% $#%

$e!#nies c#''itte 2 thei% se%"nts, ppi!s, 7#%+'en,

pp%entices, #% e'p!#ees in the isch%/e #$ thei%

ties.

?"in/ !i !! these 2sic %!es n p%incip!es, 7e

n#7 %ess the 'in isse %ise 2 petiti#ne%.

Civil +ia&ility *eemed Instituted

in the Criminal Prosecution

At the #tset, 7e 'st e@p!in tht the 000 R!es

#$ C%i'in! P%#ce%e hs c!%i$ie 7ht ci"i! cti#ns %e

ee'e institte in c%i'in! p%#secti#n.

ecti#n 1 #$ R!e 111 #$ the c%%ent R!es #$

C%i'in! P%#ce%e p%#"ies=

hen c%i'in! cti#n is institte, the ci"i! cti#n $#%

the %ec#"e% #$ ci"i! !i2i!it %isin/ $%#' the #$$ense

ch%/e sh!! 2e ee'e institte 7ith the c%i'in!

cti#n n!ess the #$$ene p%t 7i"es the ci"i! cti#n,

%ese%"es the %i/ht t# institte it sep%te! #% instittes

the ci"i! cti#n p%i#% t# the c%i'in! cti#n.

@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

On! the ci"i! !i2i!it #$ the ccse %isin/ $%#'

the c%i'e ch%/e is ee'e i'p!ie! institte in

c%i'in! cti#n, tht is, n!ess the #$$ene p%t 7i"es

the ci"i! cti#n, %ese%"es the %i/ht t# institte i

sep%te!, #% instittes it p%i#% t# the c%i'in! cti#n

-16?ence, the s2sii% ci"i! !i2i!it #$ the e'p!#e%

ne% A%tic!e 103 #$ the Re"ise Pen! C#e ' 2e

en$#%ce 2 e@ecti#n #n the 2sis #$ the /'ent #$

c#n"icti#n 'ete #t t# the e'p!#ee.-1

It is c!e% tht the 000 R!es e!ete the

%e


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c#nt%cts. In $ct, e"en i$ ci"i! cti#n is $i!e sep%te!,

the ex delicto ci"i! !i2i!it in the c%i'in! p%#secti#n

%e'ins, n the #$$ene p%t ' ** s2ect t# the

c#nt%#! #$ the p%#sect#% ** sti!! inte%"ene in the c%i'in!

cti#n, in #%e% t# p%#tect the %e'inin/ ci"i! inte%est

the%ein.-:

This iscssi#n is c#'p!ete! in cc#% 7ith the

Re"ise Pen! C#e, 7hich sttes tht -e"e% pe%s#n

c%i'in!! !i2!e $#% $e!#n is !s# ci"i!! !i2!e.-9

Petiti#ne% %/es tht, s n e'p!#e%, it is

c#nsie%e p%t t# the c%i'in! cse n is

c#nc!si"e! 2#n 2 the #tc#'e

the%e#$. C#nse


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n#t ppe! 7ith#t "i#!tin/ his %i/ht /inst #2!e

e#p%.

2ffect of A&sconding

on the Appeal Process

#%e#"e%, 7ithin the 'enin/ #$ the p%incip!es

/#"e%nin/ the p%e"i!in/ c%i'in! p%#ce%e, the ccse

i'p!ie! 7ith%e7 his ppe! 2 'pin/ 2i! n

the%e2 'e the /'ent #$ the c#%t 2e!#7 $in!.

-3: ?"in/ 2een $/iti"e $%#' stice $#% !#n/ pe%i#

#$ ti'e, he is ee'e t# h"e 7i"e his %i/ht t#

ppe!. Ths, his c#n"icti#n is n#7 $in! n

e@ect#%. The C#%t in People v. ng ioc-39 %!e=

The%e %e ce%tin $n'ent! %i/hts 7hich cnn#t 2e

7i"e e"en 2 the ccse hi'se!$, 2t the %i/ht #$

ppe! is n#t #ne #$ the'. This %i/ht is /%nte s#!e! $#%

the 2ene$it #$ the ccse. ?e ' "i! #$ it #% n#t, s

he p!eses. ?e ' 7i"e it eithe% e@p%ess! #% 2

i'p!icti#n. hen the ccse $!ees $te% the cse hs

2een s2'itte t# the c#%t $#% ecisi#n, he 7i!! 2e

ee'e t# h"e 7i"e his %i/ht t# ppe! $%#' the

/'ent %ene%e /inst hi'. @ @ @.-38

$!eein/, the he%ein ccse e@hi2ite c#nte'pt

#$ the th#%it #$ the c#%t n p!ce hi'se!$ in

p#siti#n t# spec!te #n his chnces $#% %e"e%s!. In the

p%#cess, he +ept hi'se!$ #t #$ the %ech #$ stice, 2t

h#pe t# %ene% the /'ent n/t#% t his #pti#n.

-36

ch c#nct is int#!e%2!e n #es n#t in"ite!enienc #n the p%t #$ the ppe!!te c#%t.-3

C#nse


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!i2!e.-49 In e$$ect n i'p!icti#n, the sti/' #$

c%i'in! c#n"icti#n s%psses 'e%e ci"i! !i2i!it.-48

T# !!#7 e'p!#e%s t# ispte the ci"i! !i2i!it

$i@e in c%i'in! cse 7#! en2!e the' t# 'en,

n!!i$ #% e$et $in! /'ent %ene%e 2

c#'petent c#%t.-46

the s'e t#+en, t# !!#7 the' t#

ppe! the $in! c%i'in! c#n"icti#n #$ thei% e'p!#ees

7ith#t the !tte%s c#nsent 7#! !s# %es!t in

i'p%#pe%! 'enin/, n!!i$in/ #% e$etin/ the

/'ent.

The ecisi#n c#n"ictin/ n e'p!#ee in c%i'in!

cse is 2inin/ n c#nc!si"e p#n the e'p!#e% n#t

#n! 7ith %e/% t# the $#%'e%s ci"i! !i2i!it, 2t !s#

7ith %e/% t# its '#nt. The !i2i!it #$ n e'p!#e%

cnn#t 2e sep%te $%#' tht #$ the e'p!#ee.-4

e$#%e the e'p!#e%s s2sii% !i2i!it is e@cte,

h#7e"e%, the%e 'st 2e e


53/127

epenent p#n the e'p!#ees c%i'in! ne/!i/ence. In

#the% 7#%s, the e'p!#e% 2ec#'es ipso

factos2sii%i! !i2!e p#n the c#n"icti#n #$ the

e'p!#ee n p#n p%##$ #$ the !tte%s ins#!"enc, in the

s'e 7 tht c


54/127

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C')rm'+,

" ver(-( " S'+*ov'"G-/)erre?,B

Coro+',

C'r! 31

001 Decisi#n-3 n the A/st 30, 00 Res#!ti#n-4 #

the C#%t #$ Appe!s (CA) in CA*GR CV N#. :381:.

The ch!!en/e Decisi#n isp#se s $#!!#7s=

?ERE5ORE, the ssi!e

#%e% is REERSED '+* SET ASIDE.

-Petiti#ne% >OEP?INE ANC?E is

he%e2 #%e%e t# p -Resp#nent 5%

Est n+ n T%st C#'pn, the

'#nt #$ One i!!i#n One ?n%e

Ei/ht e"en Th#sn 5i"e ?n%e

A

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Thi%t Pes#s n Ei/ht i@ Cent"#s

(P1,168,:30.69) s ct! '/es. This

is 7ith#t p%eice t# -petiti#ne%s

%ec#%se #$ %ei'2%se'ent $%#' the

#the% pe%s#ns 7h# p%ticipte in the

t%nscti#ns.-:

The ssi!e Res#!ti#n enie %ec#nsie%ti#n.

Te 4'5/(

The nteceents #$ the cse %e %e!te 2 the

CA s $#!!#7s=

It is nispte tht i >. Chin 7s the

i%ect#% n %ep%esentti"e #$ Che'ic!

n+. Its s2sii%, the Che'ic!

Inte%nti#n! 5innce Li'ite (CI5L),

7s n in"est#% in -Resp#nent 5%

Est n+ n T%st -C#'pn

(5ETC), @ @ @. In %ep%esentin/ the

inte%est #$ CI5L in 5ETC, Chin 7s

'e i%ect#% n s%. "ice p%esient #$ 5ETC. -Petiti#ne% >#sephine nche

7s, in t%n, ssi/ne s sec%et% #$

Chin. CI5L !s# 'intine chec+in/

cc#nt (CAQ 000*041*1) in

5ETCs in"est'ent %', the 5% Est

n+ In"est'ent, Inc. (5EII). Chin

7s #ne #$ the th#%ie si/nt#%ies in

the si c%%ent n '#ne '%+et

cc#nts.

Acc#%in/ t# -%esp#nent, -petiti#ne%

'e nth#%ie 7ith

6th set full text

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