6th report (skid resistance)

8/12/2019 6th Report (Skid Resistance)

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KOD ETIKA PELAJAR

(KEP)

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN JALAN RAYA & TRAFFIK

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM & ALAM

SEKITAR

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

BATU PAHAT JOHOR

"Saya denan !n! ena#$ %aa'a aya e*a

enyed!a#an

*a+,-an !n! denan daya $aa aya end!-!. Saya /$a

ena#$ !da# ene-!a aa$ e%e-! e%a-an %an$an

da*a enyed!a#an *a+,-an !n! dan e%$a !#-a- !n!

denan #e+e-0ayaan %aa'a a+a1a+a yan e-e%$

d! da*anya ada*a %ena-"

(TANDATAN2AN PELAJAR)

NAMA

NO. MATRIK 3........

TARIKH


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1. AIM / PURPOSE

Skid Resistance Test

a. T, dee-!ne a *!++e-y ! ,ne ,4 e a!n 0a$e ,4 a00!den.

%. T, #n,' e -,ad $-4a0e 0,nd!!,n a dane- , $e-.0. Inden!4y and a#e !n5e!a!,n , 0,n4!- a *!++e-y ! ,ne ,4 e a!n 0a$e ,4

a00!den.d. T, dee-!ne e e+e-a$-e ,4 e -,ad

e. T, #n,' e 4-!0!,n ,4 e -,ad !n d-y

4. T, #n,' e 4-!0!,n ,4 e -,ad !n 'eg. P-,d$0e #!d -e!an (! 4-!0!,n) $-4a0e 4,- !e '! #n,'n #!dd!n and %-a#!n

+-,%*e.

. Inade6$ae #!d -e!an0e '!** *ead , !e- !n0!den0e ,4 #!d -e*aed a00!den

Sand Patch Test

a. T, #n,' e $-4a0e e7$-e ,4 a +a5een.%. Te7$-e de+ dee-!ned %y e Sand Pa0 Me,d ! a ea$-e ,4 e $-4a0e

a0-,-$0$-e.

0. T, 4!ne e e7$-e de+.d. T! e e,d de0-!%e e +-,0ed$-e 4,- dee-!n!n e a5e-ae e7$-e de+.

2


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2. HYPOTHESIS/THEORY


Te +,*!ed1,ne 5a*$e !5e a ea$-e ,4 e -e!an0e ,4 -,ad,ne , e +,*!!n a0!,n ,4

5e!0*e y-e $nde- 0,nd!!,n !!*a- , ,e ,00$--!n ,n e $-4a0e ,4 a -,ad. We-e e

$-4a0e ,4 a -,ad 0,n! *a-e*y ,4 -,ad,ne e ae ,4 +,*! ,4 e a+*e '!** %e ,ne ,4 e

a!n 4a0,- a44e0!n e -e!an0e ,4 e $-4a0e , #!dd!n. Te a0$a* -e*a!,n!+ %e'een

PSV and #!dd!n -e!an0e '!** 5a-y '! e -a44!0 0,nd!!,n8 y+e ,4 $-4a0!n and ,e-

4a0,-. A** 4a0,- ,ee- '! e -e+-,d$0!%!*!y ,4 e e ,$*d %e a#en !n, a00,$n 'en

d-a'!n $+ +e0!4!0a!,n 4,- -,ad1',-# '!0 !n0*$de e *!! 4,- PSV.

Te e ! !n ', +a-9

a) First part: Sa+*e ,4 ,ne a-e $%/e0ed , a +,*!!n a0!,n !n an a00e*e-aed

+,*!!n a0!ne.

%) Second part:Te ae ,4 +,*! -ea0ed %y ea0 a+*e ! ea$-ed %y ean ,4 a

4-!0!,n e and ! e7+-eed a a *a%,-a,-y1dee-!ned PSV.

Sa+*!n 9

Te a+*e $ed !n e *a%,-a,-y 4,- e e a** %e a#en !n a00,-dan0e '! :*a$e ; ,4 MS


4/23

Sand Patch Test

In ,-de- , a0!e5e a ,,d #!d -e!an0e 5a*$e8 ! ! ne0ea-y 4,- e $-4a0e 0,$-e , a5e a

>-,$ed? $-4a0e. F,- 0,aed a0ada8 ! 0an %e a0!e5ed %y e 0a-e4$* 0,!0e ,4 a-eae

-ad!n and !@e. On 4!ne -aded a0ada and , -,**ed a+a* ! -,$!n ! +-,5!ded %y

0,aed 0!++!n.

Te >-,$ne? ! ea$-ed and -e4e--ed , a >e7$-e de+?. A y+!0a* 5a*$e 4,- !

+eed -,ad ! .; . e ea$-een ,4 e7$-e de+ ! d,ne e!e- %y e and +a0 e,d

,- %y $e ,4 !n! e7$-e ee-.

Te e,d ! #n,'n a >Sand Pa0? %e0a$e 4!ne and 'a $ed. H,'e5e-8 e !@e ,4

e and +a-!0*e needed 'a ,n*y ene-a**y a5a!*a%*e !n e UK. F,- e e , %e *,%a*8 *a

%ead a-e n,' an$4a0$-ed '!0 $$a**y -e+*a0e e and +a-!0*e.

4


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3. MATERIALS & EQUIPMET

APPARATUS


5


6/23

. R$*e-

. Te-,ee-


7/23

C. Wae-

;. T-a44!0 0,ne

. Sa4ey He*e

7


8/23

Sand Patch Test!

. Sand

. S,4 B-$


9/23

. Sand S+-ead!n T,,*.

9


10/23

". PRO#E$URE


. Te e 'a 0a--y!n ,$ ,n e -,ad A:W = and A:W C 4,- e C +,!n ,4 e ea0

-,ad %y ', 0,nd!!,n ,4 -,ad $0 a !n d-y and 'e 0,nd!!,n. Te 4!- e 'a

0a--y!n ,$ ,n e -,ad A:W C.

. Te ee- 'a -e!n $+,n a 4!- *e5e* $-4a0e and e *e5e*!n 0-e' 'a ad/$!n ,

a e 0,*$n ! 5e-!0a*. Ten8 e a7! ,4 $+en!,n ,4 e +end$*$ 'a -!!n ,

a e a- '!n 4-ee*y and e 4-!0!,n !n e +,!ne- 'a ad/$!n a-e -e*eaed 4-,

e -!1and ,-!@,na* +,!!,n e +,!ne- 0,e , -e a @e-, +,!!,n ,n e 0a*e.

10


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Te -a0# ,4 e *!de- 'a en$-!n ! +a-a**e* , e *,n ede ,4 e +e0!en a0-, e

#!dd!n d!an0e.


12/23

0) Be4,-e ea$-!n e e ,4 +e0!en +,*!ed ,n ea0 e -$n8 e +e-4,-an0e

,4 e *!de- 'a 0e0#!n %y e!n a :-!!,n 0a*!%-a!,n +e0!en. Te

-e$*!n 5a*$e 'a -e0,-d!n. Add!!,na* +,*!!n -,$ e!n y!e*d 'a

-e+ea!n +-,-e!5e*y *,'e- 5a*$e and e 0,n-,* a** %e d!0a-ded 'en !

5a*$e 4a** %e*,' ;. A ne' 0,n-,* a** en %e d-a'n 4-, e ,0#. I4 a 0e0#

5a*$e ! ,-e an $n! *,'e- (,- ,ne $n! !e-) an e *a -e0,-ded 5a*$e

4,- e 0,n-,*8 d!0,n!n$e e!n and -e0!4y any 4a$* !n e !n-$en ,- !

,+e-a!,n ,- d$e , 0ane !n e *!de-. I ! -e0,ended a ,-e an ,ne

*!de- %e #e+ !n $e , e*+ d!44e-en!ae %e'een a 4a$*y *!de- and a de4e0!5e

!n-$en.

d) D!0a-d any *!de- a de5e*,+ e70e!5e %$--!n and 0,-!n -,$ +-,*,ned

$e.

C. Te 4!- e +e0!en 'a *,0a!n -!!d*y '! ! *,ne- d!en!,n *y!n !n e

-a0# ,4 e +end$*$8 and 0en-a**y '! -e+e0 , e -$%%e- *!de- and , e a7!

$+en!,n ,4 e +end$*$. L,0ae ! !n $0 a 'ay a e *!de- ,4 e +end$*$ '!**

-a5e-e ! !n e ae d!-e0!,n a e +e0!en -a5e**ed !n e +,*!!n a0!ne.

12


13/23

;. Te e! ,4 e a7! ,4 $+en!,n 'a ad/$!n ,4 e +end$*$ , a !n -a5e-!n

e +e0!en e -$%%e- *!de- ! !n 0,na0 '! ! ,5e- e ',*e '!d ,4 e *!de- and

,5e- a *en ,4 .= 8 a a00$-ae*y a 0an %e 5!$a**y a$ed.

. Ten8 'e e $-4a0e ,4 e +e0!en and e -$%%e- *!de- '! a 0,+!,$ $++*y ,4

0*ean 'ae-8 %e!n 0a-e4$* n, , d!$-% e *!de- 4-, ! e +,!!,n.

. Te +end$*$ 'a -e*ea!n and +,!ne- 4-, e ,-!@,na* +,!!,n and e -ead!n ,4

e +,!ne- 'a -e0,-d!n , e nea-e ',*e n$%e-. T! ,+e-a!,n 'a +e-4,-!n

4!5e !e8 -e'e!n e +e0!en ea0 !e and e ean ,4 e *a -ee -ead!n 'a

-e0,-d!n , e nea-e =. $n!.

Sand Patch Test

) Te $-4a0e , %e ea$-ed $ %e d-y and ,$*d 4!- %e 'e+ '! a ,4 %-$.

13


14/23

) A 0y*!nde- (


15/23

;) U!n d!5!de-8 e -ad!$ ,4 e +a0 4,-ed %y e %ead 'a ea$-ed and ! , %e

-e0,-ded , e nea-e !**!ee-.

) A n$%e- ,4 e 'a 0a--y ,$ a !ne-5a* a*,n e -,ad $-4a0e8 !dea**y a*,n a *!ne

+a-a**e* , e #e-%8 !n ,-de- , ,%a!n an a5e-ae 5a*$e.

%. RESULT & AALYSIS

15


16/23

16


17/23

. $IS#USSIO

Sa4ey 0a-a0e-!!0 ,4 a +a5een a-e an,e- ea$-e ,4 ! 0,nd!!,n8 and !'ay

aen0!e 0,n!n$a**y ,n!,- ! a+e0 , !n$-e a -,ad'ay e0!,n a-e ,+e-a!n a e

!e +,!%*e *e5e* ,4 a4ey. Te +-!n0!+a* ea$-e ,4 +a5een a4ey ! ! #!d -e!an0e.

Oe- e*een 0,n-!%$!n , e e7en !n '!0 +a5een +e-4,- a4e*y a-e -$!n ('!0

0a$e 'ae- , 0,**e0 a 0-eae yd-,+*an!n) and ade6$a0y ,4 5!!%!*!y ,4 +a5een

a-#!n.

S#!d -e!an0e daa a-e 0,**e0ed , ,n!,- and e5a*$ae e e44e0!5ene ,4 a +a5een

!n +-e5en!n ,- -ed$0!n #!d1-e*aed a00!den. S#!d daa $ed %y !'ay aen0!e , !den!4y

+a5een e0!,n '! *,' #!d -e!an0e8 , de5e*,+ +-!,-!!e 4,- -ea%!*!a!,n8 and ,

e5a*$ae e e44e0!5ene ,4 5a-!,$ +a5een !7$-e and $-4a0e y+e.

Te 0,e44!0!en ,4 *!d!n 4-!0!,n %e'een a !-e and +a5een de+end ,n 4a0,- $0 a

'eae- 0,nd!!,n8 +a5een e7$-e8 !-e 0,nd!!,n8 and +eed. S!n0e #!dd!n 0a-a0e-!!0

17


18/23

a-e n, ,*e*y de+enden ,n e +a5een8 ! ! ne0ea-y , anda-d!@e e!n +-,0ed$-e and !n

! 'ay e*!!nae a** 4a0,- %$ e +a5een.

S#!d -e!an0e ! an !+,-an +a5een e5a*$a!,n +a-aee- %e0a$e9

Inade6$ae #!d -e!an0e '!** *ead , !e- !n0!den0e ,4 #!d -e*aed a00!den. M, aen0!e a5e an ,%*!a!,n , +-,5!de $e- '! a -,ad'ay a ! "-ea,na%*y"

a4e.

S#!d -e!an0e ea$-een 0an %e $ed , e5a*$ae 5a-!,$ y+e ,4 ae-!a* and

0,n-$0!,n +-a0!0e.

Te #!d -e!an0e 5a*$e ,4 e 0,+*eed ae-!a* ,n 0a--!ae'ay a** a5e a !n!$

a5e-ae 5a*$e ,4 C (0,--e0ed ,


19/23

-e$*8 'e 0an ana*y@ed e -,ad a-e a%,*$e*y a- and dane- %e0a$e e -,$ne ,4

$-4a0e -,ad.

A#, 2-

L(cati(n *ncti(n (0 ac*t Eect'ic

Ti4e ".-- 54 6%.-- 54

#(nditi(n ,etted

Condition : Dry

19

P(int 1 2 3 "

Te+e-a$-e 9


20/23

ACW 14

Location : Corner of road highway and traffic lab

Time : 3.00 pm 4.00 pm

Condition : Dry

20

!oint 1 " 3 4

Temperature : 38 37 39 38

Average skid

resistance vaue

96 96 87 95

!oint 1 " 3 4


Average skid

resistance vaue

102 99 100 90


21/23

Condition : Wetted

I4 e d!44e-en0e %e'een e ', ean 5a*$e ,4 e PSV 0,n-,* +e0!en 4,- ea0 e

-$n ! -eae- an C.8 e -e$* 4,- e e a** %e -e/e0ed. I4 e ean 5a*$e ,4 PSV 0,n-,*

+e0!en 4,- e!e- e -$n d,e n, *!e '!!n e -ane C.; , ;;.; e e -e$* a** %e

-e/e0ed. Te ',*e e +-,0ed$-e a** en %e -e/e0ed. Te ',*e e +-,0ed$-e a** en %e

e7a!ne and ,d!4!ed a ne0ea-y , en$-e a ee -e6$!-een 4,- -ane and ean a-e

a!4!ed. Va*$e -e+-een e +e-4,-an0e ,4 a +ae-ned !-e8 a/,-!y ,4 e5en '! 5a*$e

a%,5e ;;. S,, *,,#!n -,ad ay%e **!++e-!n , 5e!0*e a5!n ,, y-e and ! !

dane- and $ , -ea%!*!a!,n and a!na!nan0e ,4 -,ad $-4a0e.

D$-!n ,$- -,$+ d, e e ,4 #!d and and +a0 a $--,$nd '!0 a 'e -e0e!5e e

*,0a!,n8 'e !n dane- !4 e a4ey +-e0a$!,n a n, a4ey 4!-8 a a e7a+*e e and nd8

e -,ad a0$a**y ! a!n and any 0a- and ,,-! -,$ a -,ad8 a 'y e a4ey $

a#e e-!,$8 and A*ad$*!**a ,$- -,$+ $ed a4ey 5e8 0,ne8 and $ a5e ,ne +e-,n ,

anae e -a44!0. Be!de a8 e *e0$-e ,$*d , 5!! 'en e e7+e-!en d,!n , 0e0#

e e7+e-!en +-,0ed$-e and a4ey 0e0#!n.

21

!oint 1 " 3 4


Average skid

resistance vaue

70 51 64 55


22/23

F,- and +a0 e!n8 e 5a*$e ,%a!ned 4,- ea0 -,ad ,' a e 0,nd!!,n ,4 -,ad

$-4a0e '! e e7$-e de+ ae *!#e 'a 'e ad +-ed!0ed. B, *,0a!,n !5e $ a %!e-

d!aee- ,4 and +a0. T! -ead!n ! d$e , 4-e6$en $ae ,4 e -,ad8 ,$*d %e 0,n!de-ed8 !

! an ,*d -,ad.

7. #O#LUSIO

22


23/23

R,ad a-e +*ay 5!a* -,*e , !5en e 5e!0*e a-e ,5e +*a0e , an,e- +*a0e '! $!a%*e 4,-

,,-!8 , e -e*aed !n +a5een ,4 ,+ e $-4a0e a-e 'ee* 4,- any y+e 4,- 5e!0*e

''!e- 0a-8 *,--y8 5an en0e e ,,-0y0*e e $-4a0e 4,- -,ad a-e 5e-y !+,-an , #n,'!n

and !nden!4!ed ,n0e -,ad 'eae- e -,ad a-e ,,d !5en a4ey d$-!n d-!5e e+e0!a**y a

0,-ne- -,ad '!0 a-e 5e-y a-+8 ee ',*$d %e dane-,$ 4,- ,,-!.

S#!d -e!an0e ! a e,d 4,- $ , #n,' e +a5een $-4a0e -,$ne. Baed ,n ,$-

-e$* e7+e-!en8 e -e$* ,' a e 5a*$e ,4 -ead!n a-e 6$!e ! '! 0,nd!!,n

'eed a5e-ae !n C1= and d-y -,ad $-4a0e a5e-ae !n 1=. F-, *,0a!,n 'e 0an

ana*y@ed e -,ad a-e a%,*$e*y a- and dane- %e0a$e e -,$ne ,4 $-4a0e -,ad.

An,e- 4a0,- a ,$*d %e -ee%e-d ! e 0,nd!!,n ,4 e e7!!n -,ad. Te 4!- *,0a!,n

$!n A:WC e ,*d $-4a0e and nd*,0a!,n $!n A:W = e ne' -,ad $-4a0e. S,8 *,,#ed a

e e$*8 e -ead!n d,' a#e ene and *,!0 -e4e--!n , e ae and $ae ,4 ,e -,ad.

8. REERE#E

9((k

a. H!'ay En!nee-!n8 Pa$* H. W-!G Ne' Y,-#GJ,n W!*ey8

%. Ta44!0 And H!'ay En!nee-!n8 N!0,*a J.2a-%e-8 Lee- A. H,e*. A$-a*!a9

B-,,#:,*e8==

,e:site

a. +9-a!n!n.0e.'a!n,n.ed$WSDOTM,d$*e=+a5eene5a*$a!,n=1C%,dy.

%. +9'''.$n-,1-,$+.0,.$##!d!nde7.*

0. +9'''.a+a*'a.0,'a+a'e%,d$*e=e5a*$a!,n=0ae,-!e.

d. +9'''.a-ad.0,+end$*.

23
http://training.ce.washington.edu/WSDOT/Modules/09_pavement_evaluation/09-4_body.htmhttp://training.ce.washington.edu/WSDOT/Modules/09_pavement_evaluation/09-4_body.htmhttp://www.munro-group.co.uk/skid/index.htmlhttp://www.asphaltwa.com/wapa_web/modules/08_evaluation/08_categories.htmhttp://www.mastrad.com/pendul.htmhttp://training.ce.washington.edu/WSDOT/Modules/09_pavement_evaluation/09-4_body.htmhttp://training.ce.washington.edu/WSDOT/Modules/09_pavement_evaluation/09-4_body.htmhttp://www.munro-group.co.uk/skid/index.htmlhttp://www.asphaltwa.com/wapa_web/modules/08_evaluation/08_categories.htmhttp://www.mastrad.com/pendul.htm

6th report (skid resistance)

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