6th intex workshop sofia, bulgaria 28-30 may 2003 macro- or microstructure? improving the lexical...

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6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgari a 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching microstructural information X. Blanco, A. Catena, S. Fuentes Autonomous University of Barcelona [email protected]

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Page 1: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Macro- or Microstructure?Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary

while enriching microstructural information

X. Blanco, A. Catena, S. FuentesAutonomous University of Barcelona

[email protected]

Page 2: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Outline

Electronic Dictionaries of Spanish

Macro- or microstructure?

Case studies:prefixed formssuffixed formscliticized forms

Page 3: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Indexation

Morphology

HAMT

MT

IR

SearchEngines

Syntax

SemanticsSpelling

ElectronicElectronicDictionariesDictionaries

Introduction

Page 4: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Macrostructure

Electronic Dictionary of simple forms:80 000 entries – 1 000 000 inflectional forms

Electronic Dictionary of compound forms:250 000 compound nouns4 500 compound adverbs

Other Databases:75 000 Proper Nouns260 000 FFFetc.

Page 5: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Microstructure Samples

• G: N5;4

• M: -

• T: Abst

• C: <textos>

• D: cinéma

• P: R1P1

• R: estándar

• V: -

• N0: Hum

• N1: de <films>

• N2: según <textos: lit>

• Caus1Func0: escribir• Labor13: adaptar• S0Labor13: adaptación• A2Labor13: adaptado de, basado en• Bon: interesante, apasionate, inteligente• AntiBon: absurdo, incoherente, aburrido• Real: leer• S: script, argumento, intriga, trama• Fr: scénario• En: script• De: Drehbuch• (...)

guión (script)

Page 6: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Macro- or Microstructure?Unknown words:

inabatibleinacostumbradoimborrablereacostumbrarreaceptar

complet(o)ísimoquerid(o)ísimoriquísimopastelitopuebl(o)ecito

Unknown words:

dame

dámelo

léelo

léeselo

...

donne-le-lui

Page 7: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Macro- or Microstructure?

Lemma

Microstructural information

Derived

lemma

Page 8: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Page 9: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Page 10: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Unknown simple words &Analyzed tokens (PFX & SFX)

323,072 unknown unigrams in Spanish Webpages

68,818 candidates to new simple-word lexical entries

PFX.grf (99) 6.380 analyzed tokensSFX.grf (54) 271 analyzed tokens

Page 11: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Three different classes of Analyzed tokens

• First case:

– The constructed form is lexicalized– Then, we need to add a new, independent entry

e.g. prelavado (prewashing), macrofiesta...

Page 12: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Three different classes of Analyzed tokens• Second case:

– The constructed form is lexically conditioned

– Then, it must be explicitly indicated in the “Lexical Functions” area of the microstructure of the lexical basis

e.g. superamigos, ??archiamigos, ??hiperamigos, *maxiamigos“somos superamigos” = “somos muy amigos”, “somos

amigos íntimos” (close friends)

Lexical Function = Magn (close friends, heavy smoker, confirmed bachelor...)

Page 13: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Three different classes of Analyzed tokens

• Third case:

The constructed forms is actually a constructed form !

In other words, a lexical unit of the dictionary plus a prefix that expresses a value of the actualisation of this lexical unit: tense, aspect, diathesis, negation or quantification.

The bad news:In order to generate reasonable hypothesis, we need to represent some linguistic constraints.

Page 14: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Some linguistic contraints

anteparto,

{ante,ante.PFX+tps+anterioridad},{parto,parto.N1+Abst:ms}

antepuerto,

{ante,ante.PFX+posición},{puerto,puerto.N1+Loc:ms}

Pattern: ex + Nhum<post>:

•exrector,{ex,ex.PFX+tps+anterioridad},{rector,rector.N51:ms}

•expresidente,{ex,ex.PFX+tps+anterioridad}/{presidente,presidente.N50:ms}

Page 15: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Prefixes: Tense

ante,PFX+temporal+anterioridad

ex,PFX+temporal+anterioridad

neo,PFX+temporal+posterioridad

pre,PFX+temporal+anterioridad

pos,PFX+temporal+posterioridad

post,PFX+temporal+posterioridad

Page 16: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Prefixes: Aspect & Aktionsart

re,PFX+modo de accción+iteración

sobre,PFX+modo de accción+nimifactivo

sub,PFX+modo de accción+refactivo

Prefixes: Diathesis

auto,PFX+diatesis+reflexividad

co,PFX+ diatesis +comitativo

entre,PFX+ diatesis +reciprocidad

Page 17: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Prefixes: Negation

anti,PFX+negación+oposición

contra,PFX+negación+oposición

des,PFX+negación+privación

des,PFX+negación+reversión

in,PFX+negación

sin,PFX+negación+privación

Page 18: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Prefixes: Quantification

bi,PFX+cuantificación

cuatri,PFX+cuantificación

deca,PFX+cuantificación

dodeca,PFX+cuantificación

endeca,PFX+cuantificación

enea,PFX+cuantificación

hecto,PFX+cuantificación

hepta,PFX+cuantificación

hexa,PFX+cuantificación

mono,PFX+cuantificación

multi,PFX+cuantificación

octa,PFX+cuantificación

octo,PFX+cuantificación

penta,PFX+cuantificación

pluri,PFX+cuantificación

poli,PFX+cuantificación

sex,PFX+cuantificación

tetra,PFX+cuantificación

tri,PFX+cuantificación

uni,PFX+cuantificación

Page 19: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Prefixes: Lexical Functionsante,PFX+FL+Locanti,PFX+FL+Locarchi,PFX+FL+Magncasi,PFX+FL+AntiVercircun,PFX+FL+Loccuasi,PFX+FL+AntiVerendo,PFX+FL+Locentre,PFX+FL+Locepi,PFX+FL+Locequi,PFX+FLexo,PFX+FL+Locextra,PFX+FL+Locextra,PFX+FL+Magnhetero,PFX+FLhiper,PFX+FL+Magnhipo,PFX+FL+AnMagnhomo,PFX+FL

infra,PFX+FL+AnMagn

infra,PFX+FL+Loc

inter,PFX+FL+Loc

intra,PFX+FL+Loc

intro,PFX+FL+Loc

iso,PFX+FL+Magn

macro,PFX+FL+Magn

mal,PFX+FL+Magn

maxi,PFX+FL+Magn

medio,PFX+FL+Magn

mega,PFX+FL+Magn

meta,PFX+FL+Magn

micro,PFX+FL+Magn

mini,PFX+FL+Magn

para,PFX+FL+Magn

peri,PFX+FL+Magn

post,PFX+FL+Loc

pre,PFX+FL+Loc

pro,PFX+FL+Loc

pseudo,PFX+FL+AntiVer

re,PFX+FL+Loc

re,PFX+FL+Magn

requete,PFX+FL+Magn

retro,PFX+FL+Loc

seudo,PFX+FL+AntiVer

so,PFX+FL+Magn

sobre,PFX+FL+Loc

sobre,PFX+FL+Magn

soto,PFX+FL+Loc

sub,PFX+FL+AntiMagn

sub,PFX+FL+Loc

super,PFX+FL+Loc

super,PFX+FL+Magn

supra,PFX+FL+Loc

supra,PFX+FL+Loc

trans,PFX+FL+Loc

tras,PFX+FL+Loc

ultra,PFX+FL+Loc

ultra,PFX+FL+Magn

vice,PFX+FL+Loc

Page 20: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Appreciative Suffixesacha,.SFX+peyorativoacho,.SFX+peyorativoaco,.SFX+peyorativoaja,.SFX+peyorativoajo,.SFX+peyorativoal,.SFX+aumentativoales,.SFX+peyorativoalla,.SFX+peyorativoanga,.SFX+peyorativoángana,.SFX+peyorativoángano,.SFX+peyorativoango,.SFX+peyorativoastra,.SFX+peyorativoastre,.SFX+peyorativoastro,.SFX+peyorativoaza,.SFX+aumentativoazo,.SFX+aumentativoecita,.SFX+diminutivo

ecito,.SFX+diminutivoeja,.SFX+diminutivoejo,.SFX+diminutivoengue,.SFX+peyorativoeta,.SFX+diminutivoete,.SFX+diminutivoica,.SFX+diminutivoico,.SFX+diminutivoilla,.SFX+diminutivoillo,.SFX+diminutivoín,.SFX+diminutivoina,.SFX+diminutivoingo,.SFX+peyorativoingue,.SFX+peyorativoita,.SFX+diminutivoito,.SFX+diminutivoón,.SFX+aumentativo

ona,.SFX+aumentativo

orio,.SFX+peyorativoorra,.SFX+peyorativoorrio,.SFX+peyorativoorro,.SFX+peyorativoota,.SFX+aumentativoote,.SFX+aumentativouca,.SFX+peyorativoucha,.SFX+peyorativoucho,.SFX+peyorativouco,.SFX+peyorativouda,.SFX+aumentativoudo,.SFX+aumentativouela,.SFX+diminutivouelo,.SFX+diminutivouja,.SFX+peyorativoujo,.SFX+peyorativoute,.SFX+peyorativouza,.SFX+peyorativo

Page 21: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

• cantar,W• cantando,G

• canta,Y:1s• cante,Y:2s• cantemos,Y:1p• cantad,Y:2p• canten,Y:3p

Clitic Pronouns

cantarme

cantándome

cántame

...

Page 22: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Clitic Pronounsla,.CLIT+N1(3fs)

las,.CLIT+N1(3fp)

le,.CLIT+N1/N2(3s)

les,.CLIT+N1/N2(3p)

lo,.CLIT+N1(3ms)

los,.CLIT+N1(3mp)

me,.CLIT+N1/N2(1s)

mela,.CLIT+N2(1s)_N1(fs)

melas,.CLIT+N2(1s)_N1(fp)

melo,.CLIT+N2(1s)_N1(ms)

melos,.CLIT+N2(1s)_N1(mp)

nos,.CLIT+N1/N2(1p)

nosla,.CLIT+N2(1p)_N1(fs)

noslas,.CLIT+N2(1p)_N1(fp)

noslo,.CLIT+N2(1p)_N1(ms)

noslos,.CLIT+N2(1p)_N1(mp)

os,.CLIT+N1/N2(2p)

osla,.CLIT+N2(2p)_N1(fs)

oslas,.CLIT+N2(2p)_N1(fp)oslo,.CLIT+N2(2p)_N1(ms)oslos,.CLIT+N2(2p)_N1(mp)se,.CLIT+Pron/N1/N2-0sela,.CLIT+N2(3)_N1(fs)selas,.CLIT+N2(3)_N1(fp)sele,.CLIT+Pron_N1/N2(3s)seles,.CLIT+Pron_N1/N2(3p)selo,.CLIT+N2(3)_N1(ms)selos,.CLIT+N2(3)_N1(mp)seme,.CLIT+Pron_N1/N2(1s)senos,.CLIT+Pron_N1/N2(1p)seos,.CLIT+Pron_N1/N2(2p)sete,.CLIT+Pron_N1/N2(2s)te,.CLIT+N1/N2(2s)tela,.CLIT+N2(2s)_N1(fs)telas,.CLIT+N2(2s)_N1(fp)telo,.CLIT+N2(2s)_N1(ms)telos,.CLIT+N2(2s)_N1(mp)

Page 23: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Verbal Structures

discurrir#1/N0:Tps/Fr:s’écouler/En:to pass

discurrir#2/N0:Hum/N1:Prép loc/Fr:parcourir/En:to wander

discurrir#3/N0:Inc<líquidos>/N1:Prép Loc/Fr:couler/En:to flow

discurrir#4/N0:Loc<vías fluv.>/N1:Prép Loc/Fr:couler/En:to flow

discurrir#5/N0:Hum/N1:Abst/Fr:inventer/En:to think up

discurrir#6/N0:Hum/N1:sobre Abst/Fr:réfléchir/En:to think

discurrir#7/N0:Hum/N1:sobre Abst/N2:con Hum/Es:to discourse

e.g.:

Así que tendréis que discurrirlo vosotros => discurrir#5

Page 24: 6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003 Macro- or Microstructure? Improving the lexical coverage of an electronic dictionary while enriching

6th INTEX Workshop Sofia, Bulgaria 28-30 May 2003

Conclusions and Perspectives

• An unigram can convey, in a cumulative form, information about actualization, lexical functions and argument structure.

• The mechanism is, in someway, recursive:auto-des-programar, auto-des-program-able...

mega-rollitos de primavera...

We need an integrated description of morphology, syntax and semantics !