6th grade chapter 8

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Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Matter Matter

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Page 1: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

Chapter 8 Chapter 8

MatterMatter

Page 2: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

AtomsAtomsSection 8-1 pg. 222 ques. 2Section 8-1 pg. 222 ques. 2

What are atoms?What are atoms?--AtomsAtoms are the building blocks of are the building blocks of mattermatter..

So, what is matter?So, what is matter?--Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space.Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space.- Matter surrounds us, and could take the form of solid, liquid Matter surrounds us, and could take the form of solid, liquid

or gas.or gas.

- What are some examples of matter?What are some examples of matter?- RocksRocks- DesksDesks- AirAir- WaterWater

Page 3: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

Atoms (continued)Atoms (continued)

Is fire matter?Is fire matter?

No.No.

What about light?What about light?

No.No.

Neither one of these things is matter Neither one of these things is matter because they don’t take up any space.because they don’t take up any space.

Page 4: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

Atoms (continued)Atoms (continued)

Is all matter visible?Is all matter visible?- No. Air is matter as well as other colorless No. Air is matter as well as other colorless

gasses like butane, or propane.gasses like butane, or propane.- What causes matter to take these various forms What causes matter to take these various forms

and shapes? and shapes? - Its all depends on the way their atoms are put Its all depends on the way their atoms are put

together and also the shape that their atoms together and also the shape that their atoms take on.take on.

- In your body has several types of atoms that In your body has several types of atoms that combine in different ways. These atoms form combine in different ways. These atoms form proteins, DNA, tissues and other things that proteins, DNA, tissues and other things that makes you a person.makes you a person.

Page 5: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

Also, many other objects you see around Also, many other objects you see around you are composed of many different types you are composed of many different types of atoms.of atoms.

However thee are things that are only However thee are things that are only made up of one type of atom. These made up of one type of atom. These things are called the things are called the elements.elements.

Elements are substances that are made of Elements are substances that are made of only one type of atom and cannot be only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.ordinary chemical means.

Page 6: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

The Atomic ModelThe Atomic ModelH.W. pg 229 1-2H.W. pg 229 1-2

If you cant see atoms, then how are we able If you cant see atoms, then how are we able to study them.to study them.

- We use something called an We use something called an atomic model, a atomic model, a theory proposed by John Daltontheory proposed by John Dalton..

- All atoms of an element contain the same type All atoms of an element contain the same type of atom. Ex: All atoms of the element Carbon of atom. Ex: All atoms of the element Carbon are carbon atoms.are carbon atoms.

Page 7: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

The Atomic ModelThe Atomic Model Every atom is composed of Every atom is composed of

three different three different particlesparticles..1) 1) ProtonsProtons- which are positively - which are positively

charged particles, located charged particles, located inside the nucleus of the inside the nucleus of the atom.atom.

2) 2) NeutronsNeutrons- which is a particle - which is a particle with no charge. Also located with no charge. Also located inside the nucleus.inside the nucleus.

- Because there is no Because there is no negative charges inside negative charges inside the nucleus to counter act the nucleus to counter act the positively charged the positively charged protons, the overall protons, the overall charge of the nucleus is charge of the nucleus is positive.positive.

3) 3) ElectronsElectrons- - These are particles These are particles that have a negative charge that have a negative charge and are found outside the and are found outside the nucleus.nucleus.

Page 8: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

ElectronsElectrons

Electrons have some special features that Electrons have some special features that we need to look at.we need to look at.

- First, we need to know that they are grouped First, we need to know that they are grouped into energy levels, and that each level into energy levels, and that each level contains a specific number of electrons.contains a specific number of electrons.

- Second, electrons float in a kind of cloud Second, electrons float in a kind of cloud around the nucleus of the atom.around the nucleus of the atom.

Try to think of it like a beehive. The hive is Try to think of it like a beehive. The hive is the nucleus and all the swarming bees the nucleus and all the swarming bees around the hive are the electronsaround the hive are the electrons..

Page 9: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

Counting Atomic ParticlesCounting Atomic Particles Not every atom has the same amount of atomic Not every atom has the same amount of atomic

particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons). So particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons). So how do we count them.how do we count them.

We use a table called the Periodic Table of We use a table called the Periodic Table of Elements.Elements.

Page 10: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

Counting ProtonsCounting Protons Before counting particles we have to look at the Before counting particles we have to look at the

chemical symbol of an element. (letter (s) in the chemical symbol of an element. (letter (s) in the middle) The chemical symbol is usually a 1,2, or 3 middle) The chemical symbol is usually a 1,2, or 3 letter abbreviation of the element.letter abbreviation of the element.

We are able to count the number of protons in an We are able to count the number of protons in an atom by using the atom by using the Atomic NumberAtomic Number of an element. of an element.

The number of Protons in an atom of an element is The number of Protons in an atom of an element is always always equalequal to the to the Atomic Number.Atomic Number.

Carbons Atomic Number is 6 therefore an atom Carbons Atomic Number is 6 therefore an atom of Carbon has six Protons.of Carbon has six Protons.

Page 11: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

How to count electronsHow to count electrons In a neutral atom, the number of electrons will In a neutral atom, the number of electrons will

always be equal to the number of protons.always be equal to the number of protons. However, some atoms can lose or gain However, some atoms can lose or gain

electrons and continue to remain the same electrons and continue to remain the same element..element..

If you lose an electron the overall charge of If you lose an electron the overall charge of the atom becomes positive. the atom becomes positive.

If you lose a proton the overall charge of the If you lose a proton the overall charge of the atom becomes negative.atom becomes negative.

Page 12: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

How to count NeutronsHow to count Neutrons We count the amount We count the amount

of neutrons in an of neutrons in an atom by using the atom by using the elements elements mass mass number.number.

Mass NumberMass Number- - equals the number of equals the number of protons plus the protons plus the number of neutrons.number of neutrons.

So to find the # of So to find the # of neutrons, subtract the neutrons, subtract the atomic number from atomic number from the mass number.the mass number.

Page 13: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

CompoundsCompoundsA compound is formed when atoms of two A compound is formed when atoms of two

or more elements combine.or more elements combine.Ex: 2 hydrogen atoms combine with 1 Ex: 2 hydrogen atoms combine with 1

oxygen atom to produce Hoxygen atom to produce H22O.O.

Water is a compound. And HWater is a compound. And H22O is what we O is what we call the chemical formula of water.call the chemical formula of water.

A chemical formula is made up of symbols A chemical formula is made up of symbols and numbers that tell what elements are in and numbers that tell what elements are in a compound and in what ratio they are in.a compound and in what ratio they are in.

What elements are in ammonia NHWhat elements are in ammonia NH33

Page 14: 6th Grade  Chapter 8
Page 15: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

MixturesMixtures A A mixturemixture is composed is composed

of two or more of two or more substances that are not substances that are not chemically combined.chemically combined.

- Two types of Mixtures:Two types of Mixtures:1) 1) Heterogeneous Heterogeneous

mixture- mixture- the components the components of this type of mixture are of this type of mixture are not mixed evenly and not mixed evenly and each component retains each component retains its own propertiesits own properties..

Page 16: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

MixturesMixtures

2) 2) Homogeneous Mixture- Homogeneous Mixture- These types of These types of mixtures are evenly mixed throughout. mixtures are evenly mixed throughout. And individual components cannot be And individual components cannot be seen.seen.

-They are also called solutions.-They are also called solutions.

An Example would be how salt dissolves in An Example would be how salt dissolves in water. water.

Page 17: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

Separating Mixtures & Separating Mixtures & CompoundsCompounds

Componants of a compound or a mixture Componants of a compound or a mixture can be separated by either physical or can be separated by either physical or chemical means.chemical means.

If you boil a salt water mixture, the water If you boil a salt water mixture, the water will evaporate away and the salt will will evaporate away and the salt will remain in the glass. (Physical)remain in the glass. (Physical)

The components of a compound must be The components of a compound must be separated by chemical means.separated by chemical means.

Ex: HCl + CaCO3 --------Ex: HCl + CaCO3 -------- CO2 CO2

Page 18: 6th Grade  Chapter 8

Test on Chapter 8 in one Test on Chapter 8 in one week!!!!!!!week!!!!!!!