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2017, Edgard Jamhour 6LOWPAN E PROTOCOLOS PARA IOT EDGARD JAMHOUR

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Page 1: 6LOWPAN E PROTOCOLOS PARA IOT - ppgia.pucpr.brjamhour/Download/pub/... · Sequrity enabled Frame pending Ack. Req. Intra PAN Reserved Dest. addressing mode Reserved Source addressing

2017, Edgard Jamhour

6LOWPAN E

PROTOCOLOS PARA

IOT

EDGARD JAMHOUR

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IEEE 802.15.4

Tecnologia de Radio “Low Power”

Baixo Consumo

Pequeno Alcance

Baixas Taxas de Transmissão

Pequeno MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)

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CARACTERÍSTICAS DA

TECNOLOGIA 802.15.4

Taxas de Transmissão:

• 250 Kb/s, 40 Kb/s e 20 Kb/s

Topologias:

• Estrela ou Ponto-a-Ponto

Frequências de Operação:

• 16 canais em 2.4 GHz (ISM)

• 10 canais em 915 MHz (ISM)

• 1 canal em 868 MHz (Europeu)

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868MHz / 915MHz

PHY

2.4 GHz

868.3 MHz

Channel 0 Channels 1-10

Channels 11-26

2.4835 GHz

928 MHz 902 MHz

5 MHz

2 MHz

2.4 GHz

PHY

Joe Dvorak, Motorola

BANDAS DE OPERAÇÃO E DIVISÃO EM

CANAIS (VERSÃO 2006)

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Edgard Jamhour

PILHA IEEE 802.15.4

05 2004

Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp. Sli

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IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Upper Layers

IEEE 802.15.4 SSCS IEEE 802.2

LLC, Type I

IEEE 802.15.4

2400 MHz

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4

868/915 MHz

PHY

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Preamble Start of

Packet

Delimiter

PHY

Header

PHY Service

Data Unit (PSDU)

PHY Packet Fields • Preamble (32 bits) – sincronização

• Start of Packet Delimiter (8 bits)

• PHY Header (8 bits) – PSDU length

• PSDU (0 to 1016 bits) – Data field

6 Octets 0-127 Octets

Joe Dvorak, Motorola

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY OVERVIEW PACKET STRUCTURE

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TIPOS DE DISPOSITIVOS

FULL Function Device (FFD)

• Qualquer topologia

• Pode ser coordenador de PAN

• Conversa com qualquer outro dispositivo

• Implementa toda a pilha do protocolo

Reduced Function Device (RFD)

• Opera em topologias estrela ou como “folhas” (end-devices)

• Não podem ser coordenadores PAN

• Implementação simples

• Implementação simplificada da pilha de protocolos

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STAR TOPOLOGY

FFD

RFD Communications flow

Master/slave

PAN

coordinator

Todos os nós se

comunicam com

um controlador

PAN central

Controlador PAN é

um nó com uma

fonte de energia

confiável

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Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

PEER-PEER TOPOLOGY

Communications flow

Point to point

Cluster tree

FFD

RFD

PAN

coordinators

Nós podem se comunicar

através do controlador

Central e através de nós

FFD

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Edgard Jamhour

CLUSTER TREE

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COMBINED TOPOLOGY

FFD

RFD

Communications flow

Clustered stars – múltiplas redes em

topologia estrela

controladas por diferentes

controladores e conectadas entre si

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ESTRUTURA DE SUPERFRAME

OPCIONAL

15ms * 2n

where 0 n 14

GTS 3 GTS 2

Network

beacon Transmitido pelo coordenador PAN

Beacon

extension

period Espaço reservado para crescimento do Beacon

Contention

period Acesso livre por CSMA-CA

Guaranteed

Time Slot Acesso de nós que precisam de garantia de banda [n = 0].

GTS 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Slot

Battery life extension

Contention Access Period Contention Free Period

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OPTIONAL FRAME

STRUCTURE

Superframe pode ter um periodo de inatividade

15ms * 2BO

where SO BO 14

15ms * 2SO

where 0 SO 14

SO = Superframe order

BO = Beacon order

Inactive Period

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Edgard Jamhour

Payload

PH

Y L

ayer

MA

C

Layer

MAC Header

(MHR)

MAC Footer

(MFR)

MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)

MAC Service Data Unit

(MSDU)

PHY Header

(PHR)

Synch. Header

(SHR)PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU)

4 TIPOS DE QUADROS MAC

• Data Frame

• Beacon Frame

• Acknowledgment Frame

• MAC Command Frame

Joe Dvorak, Motorola

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC OVERVIEW ESTRUTURA GERAL DOS QUADROS

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FORMATO GERAL DOS

QUADROS MAC

Octets:2 1 0/2 0/2/8 0/2 0/2/8 variable 2

Destination

PAN

identifier

Destination

address

Source

PAN

identifier

Source

address

MAC

payloadMAC footer

Frame

check

sequence

MAC header

Addressing fields

Frame

control

Sequence

number

Frame

payload

Bits: 0-2 3 4 5 6 7-9 10-11 12-13 14-15

Frame typeSequrity

enabled

Frame

pendingAck. Req. Intra PAN Reserved

Dest.

addressing

mode

Reserved

Source

addressing

mode

Frame control field

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05 2004 Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp. S

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QUADRO DO TIPO BEACON

Bits: 0-3 4-7 8-11 12 13 14 15

Beacon

order

Superframe

order

Final CAP

slot

Battery life

extensionReserved

PAN

coordinator

Association

permit

Octets:2 1 4 or 10 2 variable variable variable 2

MAC

footer

Frame

check

sequence

MAC header

Source address

information

MAC payload

Superframe

specification

GTS

fields

Pending

address

fields

Frame

control

Beacon

sequence

number

Beacon payload

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QUADROS DE COMANDO

Tipos de Comando:

Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

Octets:2 1 4 to 20 1 variable 2

MAC

footer

Frame

check

sequence

Frame

control

Data

sequence

number

Address

information

MAC header MAC payload

Command

typeCommand payload

• Association request

• Association response

• Disassociation notification

• Data request

• PAN ID conflict notification

• Orphan Notification

• Beacon request

• Coordinator realignment

• GTS request

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

QUADROS DE DADOS E ACK

QUADROS ACK

Octets:2 1 2

MAC

footer

Frame

check

sequence

MAC header

Frame

control

Data

sequence

number

Octets:2 1 4 to 20 variable 2

MAC PayloadMAC

footer

Data payload

Frame

check

sequence

MAC header

Frame

control

Data

sequence

number

Address

information

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TIPOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO

• Com ou Sem confirmação (ACK)

• Direto ou Indireto

• Com ou sem garantia (GTS em modo beacon)

• Maximum data length (MSDU)

• aMaxMACFrameSize (102 bytes)

Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

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PRIMITIVAS

MAC

A camada MAC oferece uma interface entre a camada de Aplicação e a camada PHY

São oferecidos dois grupos de serviços:

MLME-SAP:

Serviços de Gerenciamento

PIB (PAN Information Base)

MCPS-SAP:

Serviços de Dados

Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

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Edgard Jamhour

FUNCIONAMENTO DAS

PRIMITIVAS

wpan_: funções MAC

usr_: funções callback

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

PRIMITIVAS MAC

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

DATA TRANSFER

MESSAGE SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

Originator

MAC Recipient

MAC

Data frame

Acknowledgment (if requested)

Originator higher layer

Recipient higher layer

MCPS-DATA.request

MCPS-DATA.indication

MCPS-DATA.confirm

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

INDIRECT DATA TRANSFER

MESSAGE SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

Coordinator

MAC Device MAC

Data frame

Acknowledgment

Coordinator higher layer

Device higher layer

MCPS-DATA.request (indirect)

MCPS-DATA.indication

MCPS-DATA.confirm

Beacon frame

Data request

Acknowledgement

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

ASSOCIATION

MESSAGE SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

Device MAC

Coordinator MAC

Association request

Acknowledgment

Device higher layer

Coordinator higher layer

MLME-ASSOCIATE.request

MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication

MLME-ASSOCIATE.response

Acknowledgement

Association response

MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm

aResponseWaitTime

MLME-COMM-STATUS.indication

Data request

Acknowledgment

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Edgard Jamhour

05 2004 Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp. S

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DISASSOCIATION

MESSAGE SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

= Originator

MAC Recipient

MAC

Disassociation notification

Acknowledgment

Originator higher layer

Recipient higher layer

MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request

MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication MLME-DISASSOCIATE.confirm

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

DATA POLLING

MESSAGE SEQUENCE CHART

Device MAC

Coordinator MAC

Data request

Acknowledgment (FP = 0)

Device higher layer

MLME-POLL.request

MLME-POLL.confirm

No data pending at the coordinator

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp. S

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DATA POLLING

MESSAGE SEQUENCE CHART

Device MAC

Coordinator MAC

Data request

Acknowledgment (FP = 1)

Device higher layer

MLME-POLL.request

MLME-POLL.confirm

Data

Acknowledgement

MCPS-DATA.indication

Data pending at the coordinator

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Edgard Jamhour

PASSIVE SCAN

Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp. Sli

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Device MAC

Coordinator MAC

Device higher layer

MLME-SCAN.request

MLME-SCAN.confirm

ScanDuration

Beacon

Set 1st Channel

Set 2nd

Channel

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

ACTIVE SCAN

Device MAC

Coordinator MAC

Beacon request

Device higher layer

MLME-SCAN.request

MLME-SCAN.confirm

ScanDuration Beacon

Set 1st Channel

CSMA

Set 2nd

Channel

Beacon request

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp. S

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ESPAÇAMENTO INTER-FRAME

For frames ≤ aMaxSIFSFrameSize use short inter-frame spacing (SIFS)

For frames > aMaxSIFSFrameSize use long inter-frame spacing (LIFS)

Long frame ACK Short frame ACK

tack

LIFS tack

SIFS

Acknowledged transmission

Long frame Short frame

LIFS SIFS

Unacknowledged transmission

aTurnaroundTime tack

(aTurnaroundTime (12 symbols) + aUnitBackoffPeriod (20 symbols))

LIFS > aMaxLIFSPeriod (40 symbols)

SIFS > aMacSIFSPeriod (12 symbols)

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Edgard Jamhour Marco Naeve, Eaton Corp.

OPERAÇÃO CSMA

NÃO SLOTTED NB = 0,

BE = macMinBE

Delay for

random(2BE - 1) unit

backoff periods

Perform CCA

Channel idle?

NB = NB+1,

BE = min(BE+1, aMaxBE)

NB>

macMaxCSMABackoffs

?

Failure Success

Un-slotted CSMA

Y

Y

N

N

Usado em Redes sem

Beacon

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Edgard Jamhour

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OPERAÇÃO CSMA

MODO SLOTTED

NB = 0, CW = 0

Battery life

extension?

BE = macMinBE

BE = lesser of

(2, macMinBE)

Locate backoff

period boundary

Delay for

random(2BE - 1) unit

backoff periods

Perform CCA on

backoff period

boundary

Channel idle?

CW = 2, NB = NB+1,

BE = min(BE+1, aMaxBE)CW = CW - 1

CW = 0?NB>

macMaxCSMABackoffs

?

Failure Success

Slotted CSMA

Y

Y Y

Y

N

N

N

N

Modo Beacon

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VERSÕS DA TECNOLOGIA

IEEE 802.15.4

VERSÃO DETALHES

IEEE 802.15.4 - 2003 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) com taxas de 20 e 40Kbit/s

IEEE 802.15.4 - 2006 Maiores taxas de transmissão em DSSS

Adição do modo PSS (Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum)

IEEE 802.15.4a Adição do modo UWB (Direct Sequence Ultra-WideBand)

Adição do modo CSS (Chirp Spread Spectrum)

IEEE 802.15.4c ATUALIZAÇÃO DA PHYs e BANDA NA CHINA 779-787 MHz.

IEEE 802.15.4d ATUALIZAÇÃO DA PHYs e BANDA NO JAPÃO 950 - 956 MHz

IEEE 802.15.4e EXTENSÕES PARA AUTOMAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL

IEEE 802.15.4f NOVAS PHYS PARA UWB, 2.4 e 433 MHz

IEEE 802.15.4g PHY PARA SERVIÇOS MUNICIPAIS UTILITÁRIOS (ELETRICIDADE, GAS e

AGUA)

INCLUIR MELHORIAS NA BANDA 902 - 928 MHz

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MOTIVAÇÃO PARA

6LOWPAN

• Oferecer suporte a tecnologia IP para dispositivos de IoT

• Aplicações desenvolvidas sobre IP são independentes da

tecnologia de comunicação

• Adaptar o uso de IPv6 as tecnologias de rádio existentes

• IPv6: MTU mínimo de 1280 bytes

• Cabeçalho IPv6: 40 bytes

• Cabeçalho UDP: 8 bytes

• IEEE 802.15.4: MSDU 102 bytes

• 54 bytes por pacote (sem segurança)

• 33 bytes por pacote (com segurança)

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6LOWPAN (RFC 4944)

• Camada de adaptação para transporte de pacotes IPv6 sobre

enlaces IEEE 802.15.4

• Usa IEEE 802.15.4 em modo CSMA/CA unslotted (sem beacom)

• Beacon apenas para descoberta de dispositivos

• Introduz a fragmentação e remontagem de pacotes IPv6

• Compressão dos cabeçalhos IPv6, UDP e ICMP

• Suporte ao roteamento MESH (mesh under)

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Edgard Jamhour

6LOWPAN & IEEE 802.15.4

Chaiporn Jaikaeo

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Edgard Jamhour

BYTE DISPATCH NO

CABEÇALHO 6LOWPAN

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6LOWPAN DISPATCH

CODES

• 6LowPAn inclui um cabeçalho que indica como o pacote foi

encapsulado

• Diversos formatos são suportados:

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COMPRESSÃO HC1

• A versão é sempre 6

• O Endereço IPv6 (HOST) pode ser inferido a partir do MAC

• O tamanho do pacote pode ser obtido do quadro

• Flow Label e Traffic Class são raramente usados (0)

• Next Header é quase sempre TCP, UDP ou ICMP

Cabeçalho IPv6

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Edgard Jamhour

COMPRESSÃO HC1

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COMPRESSÃO HC2

• Compressão de UDP de 8 para 3 bytes

• O tamanho pode ser deduzido pelo tamanho do quadro

• Restringir as portas a faixa: 61616-61631 (16 valores)

• Portas podem ser representadas por 4 bits

2 bytes 2 bytes

CABEÇALHO UDP

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Edgard Jamhour

COMPRESSÃO H1+H2

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Edgard Jamhour

PAYLOAD COM E SEM

COMPRESSÃO

Sem Compressão (código 01000001)

Com Compressão (código 01000010 = HC1)

Pode ser seguido de compressão HC2

Funciona apenas para

endereços Link-Local

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IPHC: IMPROVED HC

• Compressão HC1 e HC2

são sem estado e

funcionam apenas para

endereços IPv6 do tipo

Link Local

• IPHC é uma forma de

compressão mais geral,

que operar em modo

com ou sem estado

• Os prefixos IPv6 são

removidos

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QUADROS

FRAMENTADOS

1. Pacotes IPv6 maiores que o MTU são fragmentados

2. Introduz campo de offset para fragmentos

3. Tempo máximo de remontagem é 60 segundos

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IMPLEMENTAÇÃO

6LOWPAN (STACK)

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Edgard Jamhour

IMPLEMENTAÇÃO

6LOWPAN (GATEWAY)

RNDIS: Remote Network Driver Interface Specification

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Edgard Jamhour

EXEMPLOS DE REDES

6LOWPAN

Chaiporn Jaikaeo

Gateway

6LowPan para IPv6

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Edgard Jamhour

MESH UNDER VS ROUTER

RPL

Emula um

único domínio

de broadcast

na rede

6LowPan

Para camada

de rede, a

comunicação

na WPAN é

single hop

Page 52: 6LOWPAN E PROTOCOLOS PARA IOT - ppgia.pucpr.brjamhour/Download/pub/... · Sequrity enabled Frame pending Ack. Req. Intra PAN Reserved Dest. addressing mode Reserved Source addressing

Edgard Jamhour

CABEÇALHO MESH UNDER

Hop Left é decrementado a cada salto

O quadro é descartando quando o valor

chega a zero

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Edgard Jamhour

IEEE 802.15.5

Solução de Mesh-Under

para redes IEEE

802.15.4-006

IETF não especificou

protocolos Mesh-Under

para 6LowPan

RPL é o protocolo padrão

proposto pelo IETF para

Router-Over em redes

6LowPan