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Module 15: Server Virtualization Overview
Module 15: Server Virtualization Overview
• Overview of Server Virtualization
• Overview of Windows Server Virtualization
• Creating a Virtual Environment
Lesson 1: Overview of Server Virtualization
• What Is Server Virtualization?
• Hypervisor Architecture
• Hypervisor Types
• Benefits of Server Virtualization
• Server Virtualization Scenarios
What Is Server Virtualization?
A hypervisor:
•May run on bare metal or within a host operating system
•Can present emulated hardware to guest operating systems
•Isolates operating system instances
Server virtualization enables multiple instances of an operating system to run on a single computer Server virtualization enables multiple instances of an operating system to run on a single computer
Host OS
VMM
Guest 1
Guest 2
VMM
Guest 1
Guest 2
Host OS VMM
Guest 1
Guest 2
Type-2 VMM Type-1 VMMHybrid VMM
Examples: JVMCLR
Examples: Virtual PC and Virtual Server 2005 R2
Examples: Windows Server Virtualization
Hardware Hardware Hardware
Hypervisor ArchitectureHypervisor Architecture
Monolithic hypervisor:
• Simpler than a modern kernel, but still complex
• Contains its own drivers model
Microkernelized hypervisor:
• Simple partitioning functionality
• Increase reliability
• No third-party code
• Drivers run within guests
Hypervisor
VM 1(Admin)
VM 2 VM 3
Hardware Hardware
Hypervisor
VM 2(Child)
VM 3(Child)
Virtual-ization Stack
VM 1(Parent)
DriversDriversDriversDriversDriversDrivers DriversDriversDrivers DriversDriversDrivers
Hypervisor Types
Benefits of Server Virtualization
Simplified support of older operating systems
Reduced hardware costs through more efficient use of hardware
Benefits of server virtualization:
Reduced management costs through less hardware
Simplified maintenance and failure recovery
Server Virtualization Scenarios
The server virtualization scenarios are:
• Server consolidation
• Testing and development
• Re-host legacy applications
• Failure recovery
Lesson 2: Overview of Windows Server Virtualization
• What Is Virtual Server?
• What Is Windows Server Virtualization?
• Windows Server Virtualization Requirements
• Windows Server Virtualization Features
• Windows Server Virtualization Architecture
What Is Virtual Server?
Virtual Server:
• Is a hypervisor that runs parallel to the Windows operating system (hybrid VMM)
• Works with earlier versions of Windows Server
• Stores disks in .vhd files
• Stores configuration settings in .vmc files
• Hardware devices are emulated
What Is Windows Server Virtualization?
Windows Server Virtualization:
• Is a bare metal hypervisor for 64-bit editions of the Windows Server 2008 operating system
• Supports dynamic resource allocation
• Supports 32-bit and 64-bit guests
• Supports live migration of virtual machines
Hardware
Windows Hypervisor
Parent Partition
WindowsServer 2008
ApplicationsApplications Applications
Child Partition Child Partition
OS 1 OS 2
Windows Server Virtualization Requirements
Software Requirements:
• Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise, or Datacenter
• Windows Server 2008 64-bit editions only
• Windows Server 2008 Enterprise includes licenses for up to 4 virtualized servers
• Windows Server 2008 Datacenter includes licenses for an unlimited number of virtualized servers
Hardware Requirements:
• 64-bit x86 processor
• Hardware assisted virtualization
— AMD-V or Intel VT
• Hardware enabled Data Execution Prevention
— AMD NX (no execute bit)
— Intel XD (execute disable)
Windows Server Virtualization Features
Features of Windows Server Virtualization:
• Large memory support in VMs
• Multiprocessor support in VMs
• Support for network offload technologies
• Virtual machine snapshots
• Scripting interface
• Minimum and maximum thresholds for CPU and network
• Offline Virtual Hard Disk manipulation
• Automatic failover to a recovery site
Windows Server Virtualization Architecture
Parent Partition
Child PartitionsVirtualization Stack
VMService
WMI Provider
VM Worker
Processes
VirtualizationService
Providers(VSPs)
Server Core
Applications
Windows Kernel
Virtualization Service Clients
(VSCs)
IHV Drivers Enlightenments
Windows Hypervisor
“Designed for Windows” Server Hardware
User Mode
Windows Kernel
Provided by:
Windows
ISV
OEM
Windows Virtualization
Kernel Mode
VMBus
Lesson 3: Creating a Virtual Environment
• Hardware Considerations for Virtualization
• Software Considerations for Server Virtualization
• Management Considerations for Server Virtualization
• What Is System Center Virtual Machine Manager?
• What Is Quick Migration?
Hardware Considerations for Virtualization
Physical memory must be enough to support all virtual machines at the same time
Processor capacity must be enough to support all virtual machines at the same time
Hardware considerations:
Disk I/O is intensive for .vhd files and memory contents stored on disk
Multiple VMs share the network capacity of the hardware
Software Considerations for Server Virtualization
The guest operating system must be supported
Windows Server virtualization can run operating systems without modification
Software considerations:
Hypervisor aware operating system can make more efficient use of hardware resources
Management Considerations for Server Virtualization
An MMC snap-in is used for management
Physical hardware problems will affect multiple VMs
Management considerations :
Parent partition failure affects child partitions
Virtual machines can be more difficult to monitor
Monitor with System Center Operations Manager 2007
What Is System Center Virtual Machine Manager?
System Center Virtual Machine Manager enables:
• Centralized deployment and management of VMs
• Placement analysis
• Physical to virtual conversion
• Creation of a library of VM components
• Delegated self-service provisioning
What Is Quick Migration?
Planned migration:
•State is saved to disk then restored on standby server
•Downtime depends on memory and speed of SAN
•Downtime can be only several seconds
Quick Migration enables VMs on a SAN to be migrated to a standby serverQuick Migration enables VMs on a SAN to be migrated to a standby server
Unplanned migration
•State is not saved
•Virtual machine is restarted on standby server
•Downtime will be minutes
Module Review and Takeaways
• Review Questions
• Real-world Issues and Scenarios
• Best Practices
Course Evaluation