28 1 2010

World Oil:

, - Statoil Hydro 4D- , -, , -. - - - - (Geophysical Reservior Monitoring GRM). - 75 % , Statoil Hydro - , - ; -. Statoil Hydro , , - , . Statoil Hydro 4D-.

, , - - , -: , - . 90- 4D- , Statoil Hydro - -.

- ( 1998 .) - . - - 4D- CO

2.

4D- , ,

4D-: , i. Sando, O. N. Munkvold, r. M. Elde, Statoil Hydro

, , ,

, -.

4D- , :

;

; ; , -

- -, , , - , , , - , - , CO

2.

4D - 80- , 90- . 1995 ., Statoil-Schlumberger, - . - - -. - , 4D- , , , , , , , , , .

1996 . StatoilHydro - - 4D- -, , -

Copyright & A K-C

29 1 2010

World Oil:

, , . 4D- : 1997 . - , 1998, 2000 2002 . - . - , : , , , , .

-, , - - Statoil Hydro.

- . -, 4D- [1]. - , , -, - -. -

, -, -, -, , - - . 1996 ., 4D- - , -, , 70 % , - .

4D- - - 19 (. 1), , , , 1 ., - 60 .

. - , , - , - . 4D- , , , -, 3D- [2]. - 3D- 1982 ., 4D- , StatoilHydro 1989 1991 . , , ; , , - 4D-.

4D- (, , - 1992, 1999, 2004 2007 .) -, . - 4D-, , - V

p/V

s,

-. - - (. 2).

: - . -

. 1. . 4D- (). , , 4D-; , ()

- -

- -

Copyright & A K-C

30 1 2010

World Oil:

( : ) , , , 3D-, - . -, StatoilHydro 2D-, , . /, 4D-. 2D- -, , , , , - 15 [3].

2D- -, , - - . - [4]. , - -. , -

, - (. 3). - , 2D- , 2008 . - 3D- .

- , (Scripps Institute of Oceanography) Statoil Hydro, - . 10 -, - , 4 .

- - ( 1020 ) ( 770 2) . , 4D-, , . , 4D-, 1998 . 3D-, - - , . 4D-, - GRM .

-

. 2. 4D- -: ( ) ( ). 4D-, ()

. 3. . , 80 . (, ),

01.08 2002 . 01.08 2005 .,

,

,

4D- 19891991 .

4D- 19921999 .

4D-

Sg

-

V

p/V s

Copyright & A K-C

31 1 2010

World Oil:

[5, 6]. : , , . . 4 - , , 4D-. , , -, - . , - 4D-.

, , - 4D-, - - , , , , , , - . - 100 /.

-

, - : , , , . - .

4D-- , -, , .. - , , - . ,

- , - , - . , , - .

- 4D- - -. , , - , : - -.

- , :

- ;

- - (, - , );

-;

- ;

, GRM; , : , , (high pressure high tem-perature HPHT) , , - .

. 4. , 4D-, ; .

4D: GR:

..

. 5. GRM:1 ; 2 - GRM; 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 -

1 3

2

4

5

6

Copyright & A K-C

32 1 2010

World Oil:

, , - , GRM, . 5.

. - , . , - / . , -, 4D-, - .

2008 . -, - , - . - -

( , , - , 2040 1020 %). , - 4D-.

- GRM. , , : 1) 4D-, 2) -. GRM , - - .

, - (produc-tion logging tool PLT) 4D- , (Seismic PLT) PLT.

- GRM. , , , , , , - GRM. , - (Controlled Source Eleetco Magnefic CSEM) - -. Statoil Hydro , -, , , , -, CSEM -, - .

. , , - GRM. , -,

2

, - - (. 6).

, - ,

2

, . - CO

2,

-

. 6. , (

2,

, ) 10- (). ()

2

1

2

,

2

2,

2

Copyright & A K-C

33 1 2010

World Oil:

. ; - . , - 12- , , , - . 4D-

2

,

2.

. - ,

2.

, .

. 6 ,

2 12- -

; - . , , - , - - GRM. 2008 . CSEM, - - - GRM.

. 7 GRM. , ; - , .

ECLIPSE. - - - , - 4D-. -. , , , - .

.

1. Williams et al., 4D seismic case study in reservoir management: The Gull-faks Field, offshore Norway, presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Workshop, Galveston, Texas, 2008.2. Johnstad et al., Seismic reservoir monitoring over the Oseberg Field in the time period 1989-1992, presented at the Annual EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Vienna, 1994.3. Tndel et al., Sensitivity of time-lapse seismic data to pore pressure chang-es: Is quantification possible? The Leading Edge, December 2005.4. Eiken et al., Gravimetric monitoring of gas production from the Troll Field, Geophysics, 73, No. 6, 2008, pp. WA149WA154.5. Haaland, et al, 4-D petrophysical seismic inversion on the Troll West Field, presented at the EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Rome, 2008.6. Eiken, O., Monitoring Sleipner CO

2 injection with combined surface seis-

mic and gravity data, presented at the First EAGE CO2 Geological Storage

Workshop, Budapest, Sept. 29-30, 2008.

. 7. GRM

,

Vp/V

s /-

4D-

4D--

-

-

, - 4D-

-

-

Ivar Sand (. ), - GRM. - . 1979 . Det Norske Veritas (DNV), - - . 1983 . - - Horsk Hydro. Horsk Hydro , AVO-

, StatoilHydro 1997 2007 . - : iasa@statoilhydro.com

Ola-Peter Norman Mynkvold (. . . ) - StatoilHydro, - - 4D-. - ( NTH) . 1983 . , , -, - 1998 . , -

StatoilHydro , , - - 4D.

Rigmor Mette Elde (. . ) Statoil-Hydro. - 1986 ., 1994 . . . - 20 - ( -, 4D) StatoilHydro.

Copyright & A K-C