61508623 upsr writing techniques and model answers 1
DESCRIPTION
UPSRTRANSCRIPT
FIRST EDITION (2010)*
PREPARED BY: CYNTHIA C. JAMES ENGLISH PANEL SK KUNAK 2
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UPSR WRITING TIPS AND MODEL ANSWERS BY CYNTHIA C JAMES (English Panel, SKK2)
UPSR FORMAT FOR PAPER 2
NO. SUBJECT PAPER 2 1. Type of instrument Subjective type 2. Type of items Section A: Sentence Construction (Based on the given words and graphics) Section B: Information Transfer Section C: Note Expansion 3. Number of questions Question 1: Section A Write complete sentences based on a picture with the words given. Question 2: Section B a) Information transfer b) Choose one item and give reasons for the choice Question 3: Section C Write sentences in paragraphs based on a series of visual stimuli. Total: 3 questions Answer all questions 4. Marks Section A: 10 marks Section B: 15 marks Section C: 15 marks Total: 40 marks
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QUESTION 1 (SECTION A)
SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION
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QUESTION 1: SECTION A SAMPLE SENTENCES AND MODEL ANSWERS
PLACE / EVENTS This is a canteen. This is a classroom. This is a hospital. This is an accident. This is a football match.
NOUNS (people, things, animals) There is a boy in the picture. There are many boys in the picture. There is a cat under the tree. There are many pupils in the canteen. There is some food on the table.
VERBS (activities) The boy is reading. The girl is listening to the radio. The men are talking. The women are shopping. Mother is cooking in the kitchen. Brother is playing computer games.
ADJECTIVES (looks, feelings) The classroom is clean. The food is delicious. The clothes are beautiful. The children are happy. The family is busy.
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MODEL QUESTION AND ANSWER Model 1
Sample sentences:
1. This is a beach. 2. There are many people at the beach. 3. There is a tree in the picture. 4. There is a bag under the tree. 5. The mother is feeding the little boy. 6. The girl is building a sandcastle. 7. The father is eating a sandwich. 8. The boys are swimming. 9. The beach is beautiful. 10. The people look happy. 5
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Score more marks by following these tips:
Tip number 1: Use adjectives
This is a beautiful beach. This is a crowded beach.
Tip number 2: Use adverbs The boys are swimming happily. The girl is building a sandcastle diligently. The mother is feeding the little boy lovingly.
Tip number 3: Combine two or three simple sentences to form a compound sentence.
This is a beautiful but crowded beach. There is a tree and a bag in the picture. The girl is building a sandcastle and the family is enjoying their meal. The mother is feeding the little boy while the father is eating a sandwich. The people are swimming, playing volleyball, building sandcastles and having a picnic under the tree.
Finally, choose the best 5 sentences as your final answer.
Your final answer may look something like this:
1. This is a beautiful but crowded beach. 2. There are many people at the beach. 3. The people are swimming, playing volleyball, building sandcastles and having a picnic at the beach. 4. The girl is building a sandcastle diligently while the family is having a picnic under the tree. 5. The mother is feeding the little boy while the father is eating a sandwich. Excellent 10! .
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Model 2
Sample sentences:
1. This is a classroom. 2. There is a teacher in the classroom. 3. There are many pupils in the classroom. 4. The teacher is writing on the blackboard. 5. The pupils are reading book. 6. The boy is sleeping. 7. The classroom is big. 7
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8. The pupils are busy. Try to follow the tips to score more marks: Tip number 1: Use adjectives Tip number 2: Use adverbs
Tip number 3: Form compound sentences
Final Answer (Choose the BEST sentences!):
1. ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________ 8
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TRY MORE EXERCISES! EXERCISE 1
Hisham shoes celebrating clothes Hari Raya Baju Melayu shopping like trying on wear First, try to write as many sentences as you can:
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Now, reread the sentences. Are there any adjectives or adverbs that you can add in?
Are there any sentences that you can combine to form a compound sentence?
Check for any mistakes:
1. Plural nouns � (many shoes not many shoe; remember the �s�!) 2. Punctuation and capitalisation � Capital letter at the beginning of sentences; a full stop at the end. 3. Make sure you use the correct articles � check the article �a�. Do you put �a� in the correct places? (e.g.: Writing �The woman is a shopping� is wrong! Remember, �a� and �an� means ONE). 4. Do you use �is� and �are� correctly? (Remember: is � singular, are � plural). 5. �There� or �They�? (Do not confuse these two words!) 5. Make sure every sentence you write is related to the picture. (Do not write any sentence that is not related to the picture!) 6. Spelling � Check and double-check! Rewrite your improved sentences below:
1. _______________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________ 10
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EXERCISE 2
dinner roast chicken helping happy lay wash table dry serve dishes Draft:
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Final answer:
1. _______________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________ 12
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EXERCISE 3
Now, try to apply everything that you have learned. Write your best 5 sentences for the picture below.
busy handcart market buying morning meat bargaining butcher fishmonger vegetables 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________ 13
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EXERCISE 4
celebrating home twelfth cake birthday games holding photographs party enjoy 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________ 14
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EXERCISE 5
canteen helper recess buying pupils ice-cream queuing up scolding shouting running 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________ 15
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QUESTION 2(B) MAKING A CHOICE AND GIVING REASONS
(I WOULD CHOOSE�)
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QUESTION 2(B): SECTION B (I would choose�)
CHOOSING A PRODUCT
INTRODUCTION I would choose X because I think it is the best. I would choose X because it is the most suitable. I would choose X because I like it very much. I would choose X because my mother likes it very much.
PRICE It is cheap. It is reasonable. It is not very expensive. I can afford it. It is expensive, but worth it.
COLOUR The colours are my favourite. The colours are my father�s favourite. The colours are nice. It is attractive. I like the colours.
MATERIALS The quality is good. It is long-lasting. It is beautiful. I like the materials.
FREE GIFT / OFFERS It is useful. I can use the free gift. My brother can use the free gift.
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It is interesting. I like the free gift.
MODEL QUESTION AND ANSWER Model 1
You would like to buy a handbag for your mother. Which handbag would you choose? Give reasons for your choice.
Model answer:
I would choose Coco Leather Handbag because I think it is the most suitable. Firstly, the price is RM105.00. It is expensive, but worth it. Secondly, the material is soft leather. The quality is good. Thirdly, the
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colours are black, brown and red. The colours are my mother�s favourite. Finally, the free gift is a lipstick case. My mother can use the free gift. I hope my mother will be happy with my choice.
Try to answer this question again. Choose another handbag. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.
I would choose ___________________________ because ____________
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CHOOSING AN ACTIVITY
TYPE OF ACTIVITY Outdoor: I am an active person, so I prefer outdoor activities. My friend is an active person, so I recommend outdoor activities.
Indoor: I am usually quiet and inactive, so I prefer indoor activities. My friend is a quiet person, so I recommend indoor activities.
THINGS NEEDED I already have the things needed. My friend already has the things needed. The things needed are not difficult to find. I can get all the things needed easily. My friend can get all the things needed easily.
BENEFITS / ADVANTAGES I like the benefits. My friend will like the benefits. I like to learn new things. My friend likes to learn new things. I can improve myself. My friend always wants to improve himself.
OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED It is a very interesting activity. It is a challenging activity. It is good for health. It is good for mental health. It is a good way to spend leisure time. It is a good hobby.
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Model 2
You want to introduce your friend to an activity. Based on the information given, which activity would you choose? Give reasons for your choice.
I would choose football because it is the most suitable for my friend. Firstly, the type of activity is outdoor activity. My friend is an active person, so I recommend outdoor activity. Secondly, the things needed are a ball and football boots. My friend can get the things needed easily. Thirdly, the benefit is it is a good form of exercise. My friend will like the benefit.
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Finally, the advantage is my friend can learn football skills. My friend likes to learn new things. This is the best choice for my friend.
Try to answer this question again. Choose another activitiy. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.
I would choose ___________________________ because ____________
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CHOOSING A PERSON
AGE We have the same age, so we will have many things in common. I want to make friends with someone younger. I want to make friends with someone older.
COUNTRY / NATIONALITY I want to learn more about Britain. Japan is an interesting country. I hope to visit Australia one day.
HOBBIES / INTEREST We have the same hobbies. We can discuss our hobbies. The hobbies are interesting.
AMBITION I also want to be a pilot. We can talk about our ambitions. I want to know more about his ambition.
OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED I hope we can become good friends. We can exchange ideas. I can tell him about our country.
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Model 3
Which pen pal would you choose to write to? Give reasons for your choice.
I would write to Sam Richards because I like him. Firstly, he is 12 years old. We have the same age, so we will have many things in common. Secondly, he is from Britain. I want to learn more about Britain. Thirdly, he likes to read and collect stamps. The hobbies are interesting. Finally, he wants to be a pilot. I also want to be a pilot. I hope we can become good friends.
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Try to answer this question again. Choose another person. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.
I would choose ___________________________ because ____________
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CHOOSING A FOOD PRODUCT
PRODUCT OF / COUNTRY / MADE IN I want to try products from Australia. I prefer Malaysia product. My sister likes product from England.
TASTE The taste is nice. I like the taste. It is my favourite. It is my sister�s favourite. It is delicious.
NUTRIENTS The nutrients are good for health. It is nutritious. My body needs the nutrients. It is a healthy product. I like to take care of my health.
OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED I prefer this product. This product is better. I like this product. It is a high-quality product. I will enjoy eating the biscuits with my family.
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Model 4
You want to buy some biscuits. Based on the information given, which packet of biscuits would you prefer? Give reasons for your choice.
I would choose Milk Cookies because I think it is the best. Firstly, the price is RM4. It is not very expensive. Secondly, it is imported from Australia. I want to try products from Australia. Thirdly, the taste is milky and it melts in the mouth. I like the taste. Finally, it is high in calcium. My body needs the nutrients. I will enjoy eating the biscuits with my family.
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Try to answer this question again. Choose another food product. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.
I would choose ___________________________ because ____________
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CHOOSING A HOUSE FOR RENT
TYPE OF HOUSE I prefer to stay in a bungalow. I like wooden house better. An apartment is more suitable for my family.
DESCRIPTION OF THE HOUSE It has enough bedrooms for all the members in our family. It has enough bathrooms for our family. My family likes a large porch. My family likes the balcony.
LOCATION The location is very nice. The location is beautiful. I like the location. My family likes the location.
ADVANTAGES It is convenient for my family. It can make our life easier. It can make our life more comfortable.
RENT It is not very expensive. It is reasonable. My family can afford it. It is expensive, but worth it.
OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED My family will like the house. We will enjoy staying in the house. It is a beautiful house.
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It is a comfortable house.
Model 5
You are helping your father to choose a house to rent. Based on the information given, which house would you choose? Give reasons for your choice.
I would choose House A because it is the most suitable for my family. Firstly, the type of house is a bungalow. I prefer to stay in a bungalow. Secondly, it has 4 bedrooms. It has enough bedrooms for all the members in our family. Thirdly, it is located close to the beach. The location is beautiful.
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Fourthly, it is near to a school and town. It is convenient for my family. Finally, the rent is RM500 per month. My family can afford it. We will enjoy staying in the house.
Try to answer this question again. Choose another house for rent. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.
I would choose ___________________________ because ____________
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CHOOSING A PET
PHYSICAL FEATURE I like the physical feature. It is cute and nice. It is beautiful. I like it.
PLACE TO STAY It is easy to accommodate. It is easy to look after. It is convenient.
FOOD It is easy to feed. The food is easy to find. It does not cost much.
CARE It is not difficult to take care of. I can take care of it well. I can look after it easily.
OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED I always love rabbit. I prefer goldfish. I can play with my pet. My pet will make me happy.
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Model 6
Try to answer this question using the sample sentences as your guide: I would choose __________________________________ because
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PRACTISE MAKES PERFECT! HERE ARE MORE EXERCISES FOR YOU TO DO: EXERCISE 1
Tales from India Tales from China Tales from Africa Price: RM16.00 Publisher: Andra Publishing Malaysia Available at: AWK Bookshop Free gift: Colourful Bookmark Discount: 30% given Price: RM10.00 Publisher: Tai Publishing Republic of China(R.O.C) Available at: A & S Bookshop Free gift: Colouring book Discount: 40% given Price: RM12.00 Publisher: Kang Publishing Singapore Available at: RBK Bookshop Free gift: Colourful pocket file Discount: 20% given
(A) Complete the table base on the advertisement given. Title Tales from China _______________ Tales from Africa Price __________________ ________________ RM12.00 Publisher Andra Publishing Tai Publishing ___________________ Available at __________________ A & S Bookshop RBK Bookshop Free gift Colourful bookmark ________________ _________________
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Discount 30% ____________ 20% Country ______________________ Republic of China (R.O.C.) ____________________
(B) If you want to buy a birthday present for your younger sister, which book would you like to buy? Give reasons based on your choice. I would like to buy the _________________________________________because
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EXERCISE 2
Island Surprise Hawaiian Chicken Beef Barbecue RM35.90 RM39.50 RM40.00 · Size: Medium · Toppings: Shrimp, tuna and Thousand island dressing · Drinks: 2 orange juice · Size: Medium · Toppings: Chicken, pineapple and bell peppers · Drinks: 2 iced-lemon tea · Size: Large · Toppings: Beef sausages, mushrooms and barbecue sauce · Drinks: 2 soft drinks
(A) Complete the table based on the menus given. Menus _______________ Hawaiian Chicken Beef Barbecue Price RM35.90 _____________ _____________ Toppings 1. Shrimp 2. _________ 3. _________ 1. ___________ 2. Pineapple 3. Bell peppers 1. ______________ 2. Mushrooms 3. ______________ Drinks orange juice _________________ __________________
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(B) You and your mother want to have pizza for lunch, which set would you choose? Give reasons based on your choice. I would choose _________________________________________because
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EXERCISE 3
Mr. Vadetto Master Johan · Price: RM80 · Price: RM90 · Material: · Material: silk leather · Made in · Made in Italy · Colour: black Indonesia · Colour: red and and brown blue · Discount: 20%· Discount: 10%
Anwar�s Batik · Price: RM100 · Material: silk · Made in Malaysia · Colour: yellow and blue · Discount: 30%
(A) Complete the table based on the information given. Brand Price Material Product of Colour Discount Mr. Vadetto ____________ __________ Italy black and brown ______ ___________ RM90 silk __________ ____________ 10% Anwar�s Batik ___________ ____________ Malaysia ____________ _______
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(B) You want to give your father a present on his birthday. Which present would you choose? Give reasons for your choice. I would choose _________________________________________because
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EXERCISE 4
SWIMMING PLAYING CHESS READING . Outdoor activity . Indoor activity . Indoor activity . Swimsuit/swimming trunks, goggles, swimming cap . A full-body exercise, fun . Time management, goal setting, self confidence . Chess . Mental exercise, fun . Strategies, goal setting, self confidence . Books, magazines, comics . Fun, relaxing . Creativity, knowledge
(A) Complete the table below based on the advertisements given. Name of activity SWIMMING ________________ READING Type of activity _________________ Outdoor _________________ Things needed 1. Swimsuit 2. Swimming trunk 3. ______________ 1. _____________ 1. Books 2. Magazines 3._______________ Benefits 1. _______________ 2._______________ 3. Self confidence 1. _______________. 2. Goal setting 3. Self confidence 1. _______________ 2._______________
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(B) You want to take part in one activity. Which activity would you choose? Give reasons based on your choice. I would choose ____________________________________________ because
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EXERCISE 5
Hi there! My name is Akiko Myama. I am eleven years old. I live with my parents in Tokyo, Japan. I enjoy swimming and writing. I love to play bowling, too. When I grow up, I want to be a singer like Utada Hikaru. I wish to have a response from someone with the same interest. My email address: [email protected] Hello, I am Anthony McGee. I live in East London. I am twelve years old. I enjoy swimming very much. I enjoy football and badminton, too. I also like to play computer games. I want to be a doctor. Hope to hear a good response from you soon. Email me at: [email protected] I am Sarsono Budianto. I am eleven years old. I live in West Bali, Indonesia. I like to surf very much. Besides that, I also love to draw and write. I am a part time dancer in our culture community. I enjoy it very much. I wish that I could be an artist someday. Email me if you are interested to be my friend: [email protected]
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(A) Complete the table below based on the information given. Name Akiko Myama ______________ ____________ Age _____________ twelve years old ____________ Hobbies swimming writing _____________ swimming football badminton computer games surf draw write _____________ Ambition singer _____________ ____________ Country ______________ England ____________
(B) You want to have a pen friend oversea. Which one will you choose? Give reason based on your choice. I would like to be friends with _________________________________ because
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QUESTION 3 SECTION C
NOTE EXPANSION
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QUESTION 3: NOTE EXPANSION Model 1
Noni - walking � school � saw � beggar � shivering � hungry � took beggar - tree - lunch box � gave - him ate up � food � eating � smiled - thanked � kindness STEP 1: What is the story about? It is about a girl who gave her food to a beggar.
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STEP 2: Look at the verbs given. Try to identify the correct tense to use. Find the verbs in the story:
walking Continuous Tense saw Past Tense shivering Continuous Tense took Past Tense gave Past Tense ate Past Tense eating Continuous Tense smiled Past Tense thanked Past Tense
What is the Tense to be used? Simple Past Tense and Past Continuous Tense STEP 3: Write the story. Introduction Noni was a kind and helpful girl. She liked to help other people in trouble. Picture 1
SUBJECT VERB ROS Noni was walking to school She saw a beggar The beggar was sitting under a tree
One day, Noni was walking to school. On her way, she saw a beggar. The beggar was sitting under a tree.
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Noni - walking � school � saw �
ccj/skk2/2010 beggar - tree
Picture 2
Picture 3
SUBJECT VERB ROS The beggar was shivering He was hungry Noni took out her lunch box She gave the food to him
beggar � shivering � hungry � took - lunch box � gave - him The beggar was shivering. He was very hungry. Noni felt sorry for him. She took out her lunch box from her bag and gave the food to him.
SUBJECT VERB ROS The beggar ate up the food He finished eating He smiled He thanked Noni for her kindness
ate up � food � eating � smiled - thanked � kindness The beggar ate up all the food. After he finished eating, he smiled and thanked Noni for her kindness.
Ending:
Noni felt happy because she had helped the beggar. She continued her
walk to school with a big smile on her face.
STEP 4: Read the story again. Can you make it better?
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Try to add some adjectives and adverbs. Change nouns to pronouns wherever appropriate. Form compound sentences. You may also try to add similes, idioms and proverbs* to make your writing more interesting.
*Refer to Appendix 7-8.
Model 2
Halim � washes � hands � before � meals �
� weekend � he � breakfast � together � parents � after breakfast � helps � mother � clear � table �
Identify the Tense: ___________________________
Introduction:
Halim is a _______________________________ boy. He likes to __________________________________. He also likes to ____________________________________________________.
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Picture 1:
SUBJECT
VERB
ROS
Halim
washes
his hands
before meals
Halim � washes � hands � before � meals �
Picture 2: Try to answer these questions:
_ SUBJECT VERB ROS He eats breakfast together with his parents ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ � weekend � he � breakfast � together � parents
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Picture 3: Try to answer these questions:
� after breakfast � helps � mother �clear � table � SUBJECT VERB ROS Halim helps his mother He clears the table
Ending:
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MORE EXERCISES! EXERCISE 1
- Aswad � Sports Day � parents - came � support -
- took part � high jump - 200 metres race � first � both - events -received � trophies � headmaster parents - proud � Aswad � tired � happy
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EXERCISE 2
holidays � theme park � morning -restaurant
father � entrance � excited -rides
ride � spaceship � stars � got off train ride � driver � places -lunch
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EXERCISE 3
Kinabalu Park � rafflesia � biggest �Mount Kinabalu � highest � SouthEast Asia - photographs week � took � bus � airport �flew � Kota Kinabalu Manukan Island � boat � seawater � beautiful � snorkeling � marinelife � corals -enjoyed 53
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EXERCISE 4
Lotter - friend � went � bird watching � jungle -
-evening � home - lost � way � tired � frightened - decided � spend night
heard - voices � woke up � happy � parents � hugged 54
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EXERCISE 5
-crow � found � meat � flew - tree - chicks - fox � saw � wanted � told � sing sweetly
- proud crow � opened mouth � dropped �meat � fox - ran away 55
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APPENDIX 1
ADJECTIVES
FEELINGS PERASAAN CHARACTER SIFAT LOOKS RUPA angry arrogant attractive anxious brave beautiful bored clumsy big shy courageous nice scared diligent dark puzzled hardworking elegant surprised intelligent fair happy clever gorgeous sad smart handsome excited funny tall gloomy strict short joyful selfish small sleepy pleasant spacious tired rude neat hungry polite large ill talkative tiny worried quiet good-looking confident humble ugly hungry friendly hideous
CONDITIONS KEADAAN FEATURES CIRI-CIRI dirty long-lasting clean expensive tidy cheap neat high-quality cold delicious hot modern crowded old-fashioned empty challenging hectic easy bad difficult good interesting terrible suitable
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excellent reasonable new useful old educational comfortable nutritious enjoyable heavy dull light hectic affordable
APPENDIX 2
ADVERBS
accurately surely beautifully truly carefully clearly diligently lovingly excellently gently faithfully excitedly gracefully joyfully hungrily cheerfully loudly sadly nicely fast neatly well obviously badly pleasantly terribly quickly quietly soundly busily tidily attentively skillfully accidentally slowly proudly softly comfortably definitely patiently
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SC CARDS APPENDIX 3 SC CARD 1 1. Place / Location / Event This is a (name of place / location / event). 2. People / Animals / Things / Plants There is a (singular noun). There are (plural noun). 3. Activities (Singular subject) is (verb + ing). (Plural subject) are (verb + ing). 4. Adjectives (Feelings / Look) (Singular subject) is (adjectives). (Plural subject) are (adjectives).
SC CARD 2
1. Add adjectives (beautiful, big, happy, excited, angry, busy, etc.) 2. Add adverbs (busily, happily, soundly, gracefully, sweetly, etc.) 3. Write compound sentences -Use conjunctions: and, but, while, because, or 4. Write complex sentences (if you can) The (subject), who/which (is/are) (verb+ing/adjective), (is/are) (verb+ing/adjectives).
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Appendix 4
SUBJECT GROUPS
Group 1 I am was do did have had Group 2 He She It Ali (SN) is was does did has had Group 3 You We They Ali and Abu (PN) are were do did have had
FORMS OF VERBS
Present Tense Continuous Tense Past Tense Perfect Tense Future Tense Notes Every day I� (G1 & G3) Every day he� (G2) Now I am/he is/they are� (G1, G2, G3) Yesterday I/he/they� (G1, G2, G3) Already I have/he has/they have� (G1, G2, G3) Tomorrow I/he/we
will... (G1, G2, G3) Malay bathe bathes bathing bathed bathed bathe beat beats beating beat beaten beat begin begins beginning began begun begin bend bends bending bent bent bend bite bites biting bit bitten bite blow blows blowing blew blown blow borrow borrows borrowing borrowed borrowed borrow break breaks breaking broke broken break bring brings bringing brought brought bring brush brushes brushing brushed brushed brush build builds building built built build burn burns burning burnt/burned burnt/burned burn
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bury buries burying buried buried bury buy buys buying bought bought buy climb climbs climbing climbed climbed climb catch catches catching caught caught catch comb combs combing combed combed comb come comes coming came come come cycle cycles cycling cycled cycled cycle dig digs digging dug dug dig Present Tense Continuous Tense Past Tense Perfect Tense Future Tense Notes Every day I� (G1 & G3) Every day he� (G2) Now I am/he is/they are� (G1, G2, G3) Yesterday I/he/they� (G1, G2, G3) Already I have/he has/they have� (G1, G2, G3) Tomorrow I/he/we will... (G1, G2, G3) Malay dive dives diving dived dived dive do does doing did done do dance dances dancing danced danced dance draw draws drawing drew drawn draw drink drinks drinking drank drunk drink drive drives driving drove driven drive eat eats eating ate eaten eat fail fails failing failed failed fail fall falls falling fell fallen fall fight fights fighting fought fought fight fly flies flying flew flown fly forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten forget get gets getting got got get give gives giving gave given give go goes going went gone go grow grows growing grew grown grow hang hangs hanging hung hung hang hide hides hiding hid hidden hide hold holds holding held held hold keep keeps keeping kept kept keep kick kicks kicking kicked kicked kick kneel kneels kneeling knelt knelt kneel leave leaves leaving left left leave lie lies lying lay lain lie
make makes making made made make pay pays paying paid paid pay ride rides riding rode ridden ride ring rings ringing rang rung ring sell sells selling sold sold sell run runs running ran run run say says saying said said say see sees seeing saw seen see sell sells selling sold sold sell send sends sending sent sent send sew sews sewing sewed sewn sew
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shake shakes shaking shook shaken shake shine shines shining shone shone shine shout shouts shouting shouted shouted shout shoot shoots shooting shot shot shoot show shows showing showed shown show skip skips skipping skipped skipped skip sing sings singing sang sung sing smile smiles smiling smiled smiled smile Present Tense Continuous Tense Past Tense Perfect Tense Future Tense Notes Every day I� (G1 & G3) Every day he� (G2) Now I am/he is/they are� (G1, G2, G3) Yesterday I/he/they� (G1, G2, G3) Already I have/he has/they have� (G1, G2, G3) Tomorrow I/he/we will... (G1, G2, G3) Malay sit sits sitting sat sat sit sleep sleeps sleeping slept slept sleep smile smiles smiling smiled smiled smile speak speaks speaking spoke spoken speak spend spends spending spent spent spend stand stands standing stood stood stand steal steals stealing stole stolen steal strike strikes striking struck struck strike sweep sweeps sweeping swept swept sweep swim swims swimming swam swum swim take takes taking took taken take talk talks talking talked talked talk teach teaches teaching taught taught teach tear tears tearing tore torn tear tell tells telling told told tell think thinks thinking thought thought think throw throws throwing threw thrown throw try tries trying tried tried try tie ties tying tied tied tie wear wears wearing wore worn wear win wins winning won won win wind winds winding wound wound wind write writes writing wrote written write add adds adding added added add
allow allows allowing allowed allowed allow arrive arrives arriving arrived arrived arrive breathe breathes breathing breathed breathed breathe brush brushes brushing brushed brushed brush carry carries carrying carried carried carry change changes changing changed changed change close closes closing closed closed close copy copies copying copied copied copy cook cooks cooking cooked cooked cook cry cries crying cried cried cry divide divides dividing divided divided divide
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drop drops dropping dropped dropped drop fit fits fitting fitted fitted fit hand hands handing handed handed hand drop drops dropping dropped dropped drop fit fits fitting fitted fitted fit hand hands handing handed handed hand hope hopes hoping hoped hoped hope hop hops hopping hopped hopped hop Present Tense Continuous Tense Past Tense Perfect Tense Future Tense Notes Every day I� (G1 & G3) Every day he� (G2) Now I am/he is/they are� (G1, G2, G3) Yesterday I/he/they� (G1, G2, G3) Already I have/he has/they have� (G1, G2, G3) Tomorrow I/he/we will... (G1, G2, G3) Malay hurry hurries hurrying hurried hurried hurry join joins joining joined joined join drive drives driving drove driven drive jump jumps jumping jumped jumped jump laugh laughs laughing laughed laughed laugh live lives living lived lived live lock locks locking locked locked lock open opens opening opened opened open read reads reading read read read reply replies replying replied replied replied row rows rowing rowed rowed row stop stops stopping stopped stopped stop study studies studying studied studied study type types typing typed typed type use uses using used used use walk walks walking walked walked walk wait waits waiting waited waited wait cut cuts cutting cut cut cut hit hits hitting hit hit hit hurt hurts hurting hurt hurt hurt let lets letting let let let put puts putting put put put push pushes pushing pushed pushed push shut shuts shutting shut shut shut
pull pulls pulling pulled pulled pull sink sinks sinking sank sunk sink
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APPENDIX 5
TENSES, SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND TYPES OF SENTENCES
All English sentences are made up of three basic parts:
Subject Verb The Rest of the Sentence Ali kicks the ball. The girl is pretty.
Study the sentences below:
Subject Verb The rest of the sentence Time 1. Ali kicks the ball every day. 2. Ali is kicking the ball now. 3. Ali kicked the ball yesterday. 4. Ali will kick the ball tomorrow.
Sentence 1 is in Simple Present Tense (happens daily or regularly). Sentence 2 is in Present Continuous Tense (is happening now). Sentence 3 is in Simple Past Tense (happened in the past). Sentence 4 is in Future Tense (will happen in the future).
These four tenses are the basic tenses that you may use in writing English sentences.
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Besides the four tenses above, there are another two important tenses that you should know:
Past Continuous Tense
Ali was kicking the ball when I reached the field yesterday (was happening at some time in the past).
Perfect Tense Ali has already kicked the ball (has already happened).
TYPES OF SENTENCES
1. Active and Passive Sentences Active sentence: Subject Ali Verb kicks Object the ball. (Simple Present Tense) Passive sentence Object The ball Verb is kicked Subject by Ali. More examples:
Active sentences Passive sentences Ali kicked the ball. Mother cooks the vegetables. He drove the car. Siti tears the book. The policeman caught the thief. The ball was kicked by Ali. The vegetables are cooked by mother. The car was driven by him. The book is torn by Siti. The thief was caught by the policeman.
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2. Simple and Compound Sentences Simple sentence 1: Ali goes to school. Simple sentence 2: Abu goes to school.
Compound sentence: Ali and Abu go to school.
A compound sentence is formed by joining two or more simple sentences using conjunctions (and, but, or, because, so, while). Another example: Simple sentence 1: Ali is sick.
Simple sentence 2: Ali does not go to school. Compound sentence: Ali is sick, so he does not go to school.
3. Complex sentence A complex sentence is formed by adding a clause. Example: Sentence 1: The girl is my sister. Sentence 2. The girl is wearing a blue dress.
Complex sentence: The girl who is wearing a blue dress is my sister.
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clause
PRACTISE!
Sentence Subject Verb Tense I like to go to school. One of the girls is missing. Abu and Ali came here yesterday. She sells seashells by the seashore. The water is clear. They were walking to the bus stop. The children are dancing around the rose bush. My Bonnie lies over the ocean. She has already given the names to the teacher. Father cooks breakfast every Sunday. Wendy and her brothers played badminton last week. My sister and I will visit grandmother next Tuesday. I will get 5A in UPSR.
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The cat was jumping over the fence. The dogs were chasing the cat. We were happy and excited.
APPENDIX 6
PRACTISE!
Every day Now Yesterday Tomorrow Already I come I am coming I came I will come I have come She buys She is buying She bought She will buy She has bought We eat It flies He gives You grow They sing I hold The girls go My father drives The water flows The man rests One of the ladies shouts The thief runs The boat sinks The flowers bloom The postman comes All of them see Most girls play The tiger roars Both boys win The fan turns I sing Many teachers scold More people leave Each one brings Everyone tells Nobody pushes
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No one keeps Somebody hits Several man see Most of them put It shines The baby cries The plant grows
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as agile as a monkey as alike as two peas as angry as a wasp as bald as an egg as bashful as a schoolgirl as beautiful as a rainbow as big as an elephant as black as coal as blind as a bat as busy as a bee as careless as the wind as clear as crystal as cold as ice as cool as a cucumber as cunning as a fox as deep as the sea as easy as ABC as faithful as a dog as fast as lightning as fit as a fiddle as gentle as a dove as graceful as a swan as green as grass as happy as a lark as hard as iron as playful as a kitten as sweet as honey as proud as a peacock as quiet as a mouse as steady as a rock as tall as a giant as tough as a leather as white as snow as wide as the ocean as wise as an owl
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APPENDIX 7
SIMILES
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APPENDIX 8
ENGLISH IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS
Bird in the Hand Is worth Two in the Bush: Apa yang sudah pasti lebih baik dari apa yang belum pasti. A Blessing In Disguise: Hikmah dalam kesusahan yang berlaku. A Piece Of Cake: Sesuatu yang sangat mudah.
A Slip Of The Tongue: Tersilap cakap.
A Wolf In Sheep's Clothing: Kejahatan yang menyamar sebagai kebaikan. Absence Makes The Heart Grow Fonder: Apabila jarang bertemu, semakin sayang. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Perbuatan lebih berkesan dari perkataan. All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Tidak semua yang nampak menarik itu baik. As Light As A Feather: Sangat ringan, seperti bulu burung. Beating Around The Bush: Putar-belit. Better Late Than Never: Lebih baik lambat, dari tidak ada langsung / tidak pernah. Birds Of A Feather Flock Together: Orang yang mempunyai persamaan akan berkumpul
bersama. Burning The Midnight Oil: Bekerja hingga lewat malam. Cross Your Fingers: Mengharapkan yang terbaik. Cry Over Spilt Milk: Menyesal atas sesuatu yang sudah berlaku. Curiosity Killed The Cat: Perasaan ingin tahu yang membawa kesusahan. Don't Count Your Chickens Until They're Hatched: Jangan mengira hasil sebelum berusaha
(angan-angan Mat Jenin). Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket: Jangan letakkan semua harapan pada satu tempat sahaja.
Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining: Setiap kesusahan yang berlaku ada hikmahnya. Great Minds Think Alike: Pemikiran yang sama.
Have No Idea: Tidak tahu langsung. Head Over Heel: Jatuh cinta. Icing On The Cake: Perkara yang baik / menggembirakan. It Takes Two To Tango: Setiap pergaduhan melibatkan dua pihak. Lend Me Your Ear: Tolong dengar apa yang saya ingin katakana.
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Let Bygones Be Bygones: Yang berlalu biarlah berlalu. Let The Cat Out Of The Bag: Membocorkan rahsia. Out Of The Blue: Secara tiba-tiba
Out Of the Frying Pan and into the Fire: Dari satu kesusahan, ke satu kesusahan yang lain. Practice Makes Perfect: Latihan berterusan akan memahirkan kita. Pulling Your Leg: Bergurau. Rome Was Not Built In One Day: Tidak ada jalan pintas ke arah kejayaan. Second Nature: Kemahiran yang sudah menjadi satu kebiasaan harian. Start From Scratch: Bermula dari bawah. The Apple Of Your Eye: Kesayangan. The Early Bird Catches The Worm: Orang yang awal bangun dan bekerja akan mendapat lebih
hasil. The Pot Calling The Kettle Black: Orang yang bersalah tetap mempersalahkan orang lain.
The Pros And Cons: Kebaikan dan keburukan.
The Sky Is The Limit: Tidak ada batas. Turn Over A New Leaf: Berubah / Insaf. Two Wrongs Don't Make A Right: Jangan membalas kejahatan dengan kejahatan. Under The Weather: Kurang sihat. Variety Is The Spice Of Life: Kepelbagaian menjadikan kehidupan lebih menarik. Without A Doubt: Tanpa sebarang syak-wasangka. You Can't Judge A Book By Its Cover: Jangan menilai seseorang daripada luarannya sahaja.
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PROVERBS
Where there�s a will there�s a way:
When a person really wants to do something, he will find a way of doing it.
First come, first served:
The first in line will be attended to first.
A friend in need is a friend indeed:
A friend who helps when one is in trouble is a real friend.
Discretion is the better part of valor:
If you say discretion is the better part of valor, you mean that avoiding a dangerous or unpleasant situation is sometimes the most sensible thing to do.
A hungry man is an angry man:
A person who does not get what he wants or needs is a frustrated person and will be easily provoked to rage.
Empty vessels make the most noise:
Those people who have a little knowledge usually talk the most and make the greatest fuss.
A man is as old as he feels:
A person�s age is immaterial � it is only when he thinks and feels that he is ageing that he actually becomes old.
Great talkers are little doers:
Those people who talk a lot and are always teaching others usually do not do much work.
An idle brain is the devil�s workshop:
One who has nothing to do will be tempted to do many mischievous acts.
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An ounce of discretion is worth a pound of wit:
It is better to be careful and discrete than to be clever.
Faint heart never won fair lady:
To succeed in life one must have the courage to pursue what he wants.
A penny saved is a penny gained:
By being thrifty one will be able to save up.
A rolling stone gathers no moss:
A person who never settles in one place or who often changes his job will not succeed in life ; one who is always changing his mind will never get anything done.
As you sow, so you shall reap:
One will either enjoy or suffer the consequences of his earlier actions or inactions.
Barking dogs seldom bite:
Those who make loud threats seldom carry them out.
Better late than never:
To do something that is right, profitable, or good a little late is still better than not doing it at all. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush:
Something that one already has is better than going after something seemingly more worthwhile that one may not be able to get.
Birds of a feather flock together:
People of the same sort of character or belief always go together.
Call a spade a spade:
If you say that someone calls a spade a spade, you mean that they speak frankly and directly, often about embarrassing or unpleasant subjects; an informal expression.
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Charity begins at home :
A person�s first obligation should be to help the member of his own family before he can begin thinking of talking about helping others.
A great talker is a great liar:
A smooth and persuasive talker may be a good liar.
Every cloud has a silver lining:
If you say that every cloud has a silver lining, you mean that every sad or unpleasant situation has a positive side to it. If you talk about silver lining you are talking about something positive that comes out of a sad or unpleasant situation.
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