6 waterproofing celestino

7/24/2019 6 Waterproofing Celestino

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Lining of Tunnels under Groundwater Pressure

Tomas Franzn

SveBeFo - Swedish Rock Engineering Research

Tarcsio B. Celestino

University of So Paulo, Themag Engenharia


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From waterproof to water sealed


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Urban tunnels in StockholmHard fractured rock mass, g w head 10 30 mAllowed inflow: maximum 2 5 l/min and 100 m

Cement grouting and fibre reinforced shotcrete

Urban tunnel in So PauloLow permeability ground mass, g w head > 20 m

Water ingress: 0.5 5 l/min and 100 m

Single shell mesh reinforced shotcrete


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From waterproof to water sealed

Other combinations of grouted rock mass

can be added


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Channel Tunnel

Crossover Cavern


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Channel Tunnel Crossover Cavern


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Hallandss Twin

Railway Tunnels


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Water Inflow x Durability

Flow rate

Chemical aggressivity

Ex: Kanmon Strait Tunnels

(concrete, sea water;

Miyaguchi, 1986)

Cast iron segmental lining(So Paulo subway)


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Single shell lining in GermanySingle track tunnels (Pttler & Klapperich, 2001)

Year 1981-1983 1982 1984-1987 1987-1989

Ground S/M S/M M C

Pressure (bar) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

Thickness (cm) 37 25 39 40

Year 1987-1989 1989-1990 1989-1992 1981 1991

Ground C M M M G/M

Pressure (bar) 0.6 0 1.2 0.5 0

Thickness (cm) 25 40 55 30 35

C - claystone

M - marl

S - sandstone


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Comments by Pttler & Klapperich, 2001

10 - 15% savings due to single shell concept

Scattered considerations about load on the secondlayer: full load to partial load

Different design philosophy even moresignificant savings


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Single shell lining in So Paulo

Single track tunnels

Year: since 1981

Ground: stiff clay with water-bearing sand layers

Pressure: 0.5 to 2.0 bar

Total thickness: 20 to 25 cm


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t

t = 0

t

2nd Layer(0.15m)

1st Layer (0.25m)

Ground

Mass

Interface

Strength envelopes for two-layer

lining interaction (Domingues, 1985)

t ime= 0

first layer only

t imefirst and second

layers plus long term

load (e.g. water

pressure)


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E : Portal

C : Central

1 : end of construction

2 : long term

3 : 2+ water pressure

h = 0.45h = 0.40

h = 0.25

E3

E2

E1

C1C2

C3

500 1000 1500

100

200

Nd (kN/m)

Md (kN.m/m)

Moment-thrust diagram for

different load conditionsLining thickness:

--- First layer

__ Two layers

Load:

1: end of construction

2: long term

3: 2 + water pressure


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Shotcrete lining for the So Paulo

Subway

t = 0.25 m

p = 2 bar

t = 0.40 m

p = 0.7 bar

t = 0.25 m

p = 2 bar

t = 0.25 m

p = 0.5 bar


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Conclusions

Importance of water: operation and durability

Design concepts: influence on lining thickness

Rational contribution from 1stlayer: economicaland operational


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Gracias!

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6 waterproofing celestino

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